Question 1

Rates of gene flow can be estimated from similarity in allele frequencies among populations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The study of the relationship between climate and the timing of ecological events is called

Accepted Answer

A)  ecology. 
B)  phenology. 
C)  oenology. 
D)  climatology. 
E)  life history theory. 
A)  ecology. 
B)  phenology. 
C)  oenology. 
D)  climatology. 
E)  life history theory. B

Question 3

In Grime's classification, stress-tolerant plants

Accepted Answer

A)  live under conditions of high stress and also high disturbance. 
B)  grow rapidly. 
C)  are very palatable to herbivores. 
D)  conserve nutrients and water. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  live under conditions of high stress and also high disturbance. 
B)  grow rapidly. 
C)  are very palatable to herbivores. 
D)  conserve nutrients and water. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. D

Question 4

Turner and Trexler found a __________ relationship between egg size and ________ in the darter populations that live in rivers and streams of central North America.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive; gene flow 
B)  positive; egg number 
C)  positive; female size 
D)  positive; clutch size 
E)  negative; gene flow 
A)  positive; gene flow 
B)  positive; egg number 
C)  positive; female size 
D)  positive; clutch size 
E)  negative; gene flow

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true of riparian plant communities?

Accepted Answer

A)  plant species adapted to frequent disturbance by flooding 
B)  plant species dependent on flooding often dominant 
C)  low species diversity, compared to surrounding terrestrial communities 
D)  high population densities, compared to surrounding terrestrial communities 
E)  seriously impacted by human activities 
A)  plant species adapted to frequent disturbance by flooding 
B)  plant species dependent on flooding often dominant 
C)  low species diversity, compared to surrounding terrestrial communities 
D)  high population densities, compared to surrounding terrestrial communities 
E)  seriously impacted by human activities

Question 6

Seeds bearing eliasomes are likely to be dispersed by

Accepted Answer

A)  ants. 
B)  wind. 
C)  water. 
D)  birds. 
E)  scatterhoarding mammals. 
A)  ants. 
B)  wind. 
C)  water. 
D)  birds. 
E)  scatterhoarding mammals.

Question 7

Which of the following influence the number and size of seeds produced by plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth form 
B)  dispersal mode 
C)  disturbance intensity 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  both growth form and dispersal mode 
A)  growth form 
B)  dispersal mode 
C)  disturbance intensity 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  both growth form and dispersal mode

Question 8

A polymorphic locus is one that

Accepted Answer

A)  codes for more than one protein. 
B)  codes for both protein and lipid. 
C)  occurs in a population as more than one allele. 
D)  occurs on more than one chromosome. 
E)  can cause more than one phenotype in an individual, depending on the environment. 
A)  codes for more than one protein. 
B)  codes for both protein and lipid. 
C)  occurs in a population as more than one allele. 
D)  occurs on more than one chromosome. 
E)  can cause more than one phenotype in an individual, depending on the environment.

Question 9

Which of the following observations can be explained by the energetic limitation of an organism's total reproductive effort?

Accepted Answer

A)  Darter diversity is very high in the Ozark Highlands. 
B)  Darters that lay many eggs lay smaller eggs, on average. 
C)  Seed size in plants varies over at least 10 orders of magnitude. 
D)  Seed size in plants depends in part on the plant's seed dispersal mechanism. 
E)  More than one of the choices. 
A)  Darter diversity is very high in the Ozark Highlands. 
B)  Darters that lay many eggs lay smaller eggs, on average. 
C)  Seed size in plants varies over at least 10 orders of magnitude. 
D)  Seed size in plants depends in part on the plant's seed dispersal mechanism. 
E)  More than one of the choices.

Question 10

The "K" in "K-selection" comes from the

Accepted Answer

A)  ecologist who coined it, Astrid Kodric-Brown. 
B)  shape of the age-vs.-mortality-rate plot for K-selected species. 
C)  "K" in the logistic growth equation. 
D)  Greek letter "kappa," symbolizing fecundity. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  ecologist who coined it, Astrid Kodric-Brown. 
B)  shape of the age-vs.-mortality-rate plot for K-selected species. 
C)  "K" in the logistic growth equation. 
D)  Greek letter "kappa," symbolizing fecundity. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Life histories typical of r-selection are most likely to evolve where species populations are near carrying capacity much of the time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Among fish species, an "opportunistic" life history is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  high juvenile survival, large numbers of offspring, and early maturity. 
B)  high juvenile survival, large numbers of offspring, and late maturity. 
C)  low juvenile survival, low number of offspring, and early maturity. 
D)  traits that maximize colonizing ability for environments that do not vary much in time or space. 
E)  traits that maximize colonizing ability for environments that are very stressful. 
A)  high juvenile survival, large numbers of offspring, and early maturity. 
B)  high juvenile survival, large numbers of offspring, and late maturity. 
C)  low juvenile survival, low number of offspring, and early maturity. 
D)  traits that maximize colonizing ability for environments that do not vary much in time or space. 
E)  traits that maximize colonizing ability for environments that are very stressful.

Question 13

According to research by Westoby, Leishman, and Lord, plants that disperse their seeds in different ways tend to produce seeds of different sizes. Which is the correct order of seed mass from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

A)  vertebrate-dispersed, ant-dispersed, scatterhoarded, wind-dispersed 
B)  unassisted, ant-dispersed, scatterhoarded, wind-dispersed 
C)  scatterhoarded, vertebrate-dispersed, ant-dispersed, adhesion-adapted 
D)  unassisted, adhesion-adapted, ant-dispersed, scatterhoarded 
E)  unassisted, adhesion-adapted, wind-dispersed, ant-dispersed 
A)  vertebrate-dispersed, ant-dispersed, scatterhoarded, wind-dispersed 
B)  unassisted, ant-dispersed, scatterhoarded, wind-dispersed 
C)  scatterhoarded, vertebrate-dispersed, ant-dispersed, adhesion-adapted 
D)  unassisted, adhesion-adapted, ant-dispersed, scatterhoarded 
E)  unassisted, adhesion-adapted, wind-dispersed, ant-dispersed

Question 14

Which of the following environments for germinating seed is most likely to favor a plant species that makes many small seeds, compared to one that makes fewer larger seeds?

Accepted Answer

A)  nutrient limitation 
B)  competition from established plants 
C)  shade 
D)  deep burial in soil 
E)  disturbance 
A)  nutrient limitation 
B)  competition from established plants 
C)  shade 
D)  deep burial in soil 
E)  disturbance

Question 15

A "forb" is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  fish species living in the open ocean. 
B)  bird species having offspring independent at a young age. 
C)  plant species with woody tissue. 
D)  grass or sedge. 
E)  herbaceous, but non-graminoid, plant species. 
A)  fish species living in the open ocean. 
B)  bird species having offspring independent at a young age. 
C)  plant species with woody tissue. 
D)  grass or sedge. 
E)  herbaceous, but non-graminoid, plant species.

Question 16

__________ show more variation in life history traits than any other group.

Accepted Answer

A)  All of the choices show equal amounts of variation in life history traits. 
B)  Mammals 
C)  Birds 
D)  Reptiles 
E)  Fish 
A)  All of the choices show equal amounts of variation in life history traits. 
B)  Mammals 
C)  Birds 
D)  Reptiles 
E)  Fish

Question 17

Bird species whose offspring are born helpless and depending on parental care are said to be _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bird species whose offspring are born helpless...

Question 18

Which statement about the impact of dams on cottonwood forests is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Damming reduces growth of established cottonwoods downstream. 
B)  Damming increases mortality of established cottonwoods downstream. 
C)  By reducing flooding downstream, damming improves cottonwood seed germination. 
D)  The timing of water release from a dam can greatly affect cottonwood seed germination. 
E)  Careful management of flow through dams can greatly reduce harmful impacts on cottonwoods downstream. 
A)  Damming reduces growth of established cottonwoods downstream. 
B)  Damming increases mortality of established cottonwoods downstream. 
C)  By reducing flooding downstream, damming improves cottonwood seed germination. 
D)  The timing of water release from a dam can greatly affect cottonwood seed germination. 
E)  Careful management of flow through dams can greatly reduce harmful impacts on cottonwoods downstream.

Question 19

Grime's classification of plant life histories focuses attention on

Accepted Answer

A)  stress and disturbance. 
B)  stress and nutrient availability. 
C)  disturbance and gene flow. 
D)  disturbance and plant species diversity. 
E)  r- vs. K-selection. 
A)  stress and disturbance. 
B)  stress and nutrient availability. 
C)  disturbance and gene flow. 
D)  disturbance and plant species diversity. 
E)  r- vs. K-selection.

Question 20

"Riparian" refers to plant communities occurring

Accepted Answer

A)  in the tropics. 
B)  at high altitudes. 
C)  along the edges of deserts. 
D)  in permanently flooded areas. 
E)  in transitions between riverbanks and upland areas. 
A)  in the tropics. 
B)  at high altitudes. 
C)  along the edges of deserts. 
D)  in permanently flooded areas. 
E)  in transitions between riverbanks and upland areas.

Exam 12: Life Histories

Rates of gene flow can be estimated from similarity in allele frequencies among populations.

The study of the relationship between climate and the timing of ecological events is called

In Grime's classification, stress-tolerant plants

Turner and Trexler found a __________ relationship between egg size and ________ in the darter populations that live in rivers and streams of central North America.

Which of the following is NOT true of riparian plant communities?

Seeds bearing eliasomes are likely to be dispersed by

Which of the following influence the number and size of seeds produced by plants?

A polymorphic locus is one that

Which of the following observations can be explained by the energetic limitation of an organism's total reproductive effort?

The "K" in "K-selection" comes from the

Life histories typical of r-selection are most likely to evolve where species populations are near carrying capacity much of the time.

Among fish species, an "opportunistic" life history is characterized by

According to research by Westoby, Leishman, and Lord, plants that disperse their seeds in different ways tend to produce seeds of different sizes. Which is the correct order of seed mass from smallest to largest?

Which of the following environments for germinating seed is most likely to favor a plant species that makes many small seeds, compared to one that makes fewer larger seeds?

A "forb" is a(n)

__________ show more variation in life history traits than any other group.

Bird species whose offspring are born helpless and depending on parental care are said to be _____________.

Which statement about the impact of dams on cottonwood forests is false?

Grime's classification of plant life histories focuses attention on

"Riparian" refers to plant communities occurring

Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Socail Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Competition

Exploitative Interactions Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

Turner and Trexler found a __ relationship between egg size and in the darter populations that live in rivers and streams of central North America.