Exam 9: Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions

Predict the products of the following reactions.

Instructions: Consider the reaction below to answer the following question. Refer to instructions. The electrophile, the nucleophile and the catalyst in this reaction are indicated by letters _____, _____, and _____, respectively.

The substance formed in the following reaction is called:

Many nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones are catalyzed by acid or base. Bases catalyze hydration by:

Instructions: Consider the reaction below to answer the following question. Refer to instructions. Write the complete stepwise mechanism for the reaction shown above. Show all intermediate structures and all electron flow with arrows.

Provide IUPAC names for each structure below. Name:

Predict the products of the following reactions.

Draw structures corresponding to each of the following names. Draw: 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione (dimedone)

Provide IUPAC names for each structure below. Name:

Instructions: Predict the products from the information given for the following question(s). Predict:

Instructions: Consider the data below to answer the following question(s). Cyanohydrins are important intermediates in the synthesis of a-hydroxycarboxylic acids from ketones and aldehydes. The nitrile functional group can be hydrolyzed by aqueous acid to yield a carboxylic acid. Nitriles can also be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids using aqueous base. When a cyanohydrin is treated with aqueous base, however, the original carbonyl compound is isolated. Refer to instructions. The reaction of an aldehyde with hydrogen cyanide is an example of _____ reaction.

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

Draw structures corresponding to each of the following names. Draw: 2,2-dimethylcyclopentane-1,3-dione

The nucleophillic addition of water to an aldehyde or ketone

Instructions: Consider the reaction below to answer the following question. Refer to instructions. The product of this reaction is called:

Instructions: Predict the products from the information given for the following question(s). Predict:

Outline the synthetic steps necessary to carry out the conversion below. You may use any organic or inorganic reagents you need. Show the structures of all intermediate compounds that would probably be isolated during the course of your synthesis, and show all necessary reagents

Draw structures corresponding to each of the following names. Draw: cyclohex-2-enone

Draw structures corresponding to each of the following names. Draw: benzophenone

Draw structures corresponding to each of the following names. Draw: trans-3-isopropylcyclohexanecarbaldehyde