Exam 5: Perception and Individual Decision Making

Two people see the same thing at the same time yet interpret it differently. In this situation, factors that operate to shape their dissimilar perceptions reside in the ________.

Which of the following statements best represents a halo effect?

While negotiating salary with your prospective employer, if you suggest an initial target salary of $55,000, your employer will consider $50,000 to $60,000 a reasonable range for negotiation, but if you mention $55,650, your employer is more likely to consider $55,000 to $56,000 the range of likely values for negotiation. In this example your employer is exhibiting the ________ bias.

________ is a highly complex and highly developed form of reasoning that is based on years of experience and learning.

Which of the following is an example of a shortcut used in judging others?

David is of the opinion that people who drive SUVs are dangerous drivers. He often thinks that people driving SUVs are driving rashly, even when other observers can see nothing wrong with the behavior of the SUV drivers. What factor is affecting his perception in this case?

Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?

What factors that operate to shape and sometimes distort perception reside in the perceiver, what factors reside in the target being perceived, and what factors reside in the context of the situation in which the perception is made?

With reference to decision making, satisficing involves ________.

A satisficing decision maker ________.

Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see, we engage in ________.

The three criteria for making ethical decisions are ________.

Investors bragged about their investing expertise in the stock market rally between 1996 and early 2000. Knowing individuals rely on the self-serving bias to explain failure, which of the following explanations would an investor be most likely to state after the market imploded in 2000?

The rational decision-making model takes into consideration the fact that all the information pertaining to the problem might not be available to the decision maker.

In the attribution theory, "distinctiveness" refers to whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations.

The first ethical yardstick is utilitarianism, in which decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.

It was Marisol's first day at work. At first she was very nervous, but when she was introduced to her cubicle neighbor, Hanna, she was reassured by Hanna's soothing smile. Marisol thought that a person with such a beautiful smile could not be bad, and that she would enjoy having her in such close proximity. Which of the following concepts best describes this example?

The ________ bias is typically associated with negotiation.

Samantha's rating in a job interview is high in contrast to the candidate who was interviewed directly before her, who was rated extremely low. In this case, Samantha's high rating can be partially attributed to the ________.

Which of the following traits does a decision maker need to have if they are to fully appraise a problem and even see problems that others are not aware of?