Question 1

The thermal energy of an object is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  its kinetic energy 
B)  its potential energy 
C)  its inertia 
D)  the random motions of its molecules 
E)  the collective motions of its molecules 
A)  its kinetic energy 
B)  its potential energy 
C)  its inertia 
D)  the random motions of its molecules 
E)  the collective motions of its molecules D

Question 2

The two metallic strips that constitute some thermostats must differ in:

Accepted Answer

A)  length 
B)  thickness 
C)  mass 
D)  rate at which they conduct heat 
E)  coefficient of linear expansion 
A)  length 
B)  thickness 
C)  mass 
D)  rate at which they conduct heat 
E)  coefficient of linear expansion E

Question 3

To help keep buildings cool in the summer, dark colored window shades have been replaced by light colored shades. This is because light colored shades:

Accepted Answer

A)  are more pleasing to the eye 
B)  absorb more sunlight 
C)  reflect more sunlight 
D)  transmit more sunlight 
E)  have a lower thermal conductivity 
A)  are more pleasing to the eye 
B)  absorb more sunlight 
C)  reflect more sunlight 
D)  transmit more sunlight 
E)  have a lower thermal conductivity C

Question 4

A homeowner purchases insulation for her attic rated at R-15. She wants the attic insulated to R-30. If the insulation she purchased is 10 cm thick, what thickness does she need to use?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 cm 
B)  15 cm 
C)  20 cm 
D)  30 cm 
E)  40 cm 
A)  10 cm 
B)  15 cm 
C)  20 cm 
D)  30 cm 
E)  40 cm

Question 5

In the first law of thermodynamics, the change in internal energy ΔEint:

Accepted Answer

A)  is always positive 
B)  is always negative 
C)  cannot be zero 
D)  tends to increase if heat energy is transferred to the gas, and tends to decrease if the gas does work on its environment 
E)  tends to decrease if heat energy is transferred to the gas, and tends to increase if the gas does work on its environment 
A)  is always positive 
B)  is always negative 
C)  cannot be zero 
D)  tends to increase if heat energy is transferred to the gas, and tends to decrease if the gas does work on its environment 
E)  tends to decrease if heat energy is transferred to the gas, and tends to increase if the gas does work on its environment

Question 6

The figure shows a rectangular brass plate at 0 $\degree$C in which there is cut a rectangular hole of dimensions indicated. If the temperature of the plate is raised to 150 $\degree$C:

Accepted Answer

A)  x will increase and y will decrease 
B)  both x and y will decrease 
C)  x will decrease and y will increase 
D)  both x and y will increase 
E)  the changes in x and y depend on the dimension z 
A)  x will increase and y will decrease 
B)  both x and y will decrease 
C)  x will decrease and y will increase 
D)  both x and y will increase 
E)  the changes in x and y depend on the dimension z

Question 7

The international standard thermometer is kept:

Accepted Answer

A)  near Washington, D.C. 
B)  near Paris, France 
C)  near the north pole 
D)  near Rome, Italy 
E)  nowhere (there is none) 
A)  near Washington, D.C. 
B)  near Paris, France 
C)  near the north pole 
D)  near Rome, Italy 
E)  nowhere (there is none)

Question 8

Ten grams of ice at -20  $\degree$C is to be changed to steam at 130  $\degree$C. The specific heat of both ice and steam is 0.5 cal/g.  $\degree$C. The specific heat of water is 1.00 cal/g .K. The heat of fusion is 80 cal/g and the heat of vaporization is 540 cal/g. The entire process requires:

Accepted Answer

A)  750 cal 
B)  1250 cal 
C)  6950 cal 
D)  7450 cal 
E)  7700 cal 
A)  750 cal 
B)  1250 cal 
C)  6950 cal 
D)  7450 cal 
E)  7700 cal

Question 9

The coefficient of expansion of a certain type of steel is 0.000012 per C  $\degree$. The coefficient of volume expansion is:

Accepted Answer

A)  (0.000012)3 (C  $\degree$)-1 
B)  (4 $\pi$/3)(0.000012)3 (C  $\degree$)-1 
C)  3* 0.000012 (C  $\degree$)-1 
D)  0.000012 (C  $\degree$)-1 
E)  depends on the shape of the volume to which it will be applied 
A)  (0.000012)3 (C  $\degree$)-1 
B)  (4 $\pi$/3)(0.000012)3 (C  $\degree$)-1 
C)  3* 0.000012 (C  $\degree$)-1 
D)  0.000012 (C  $\degree$)-1 
E)  depends on the shape of the volume to which it will be applied

Question 10

Two different samples have the same mass and temperature. Equal quantities of energy are absorbed as heat by each. Their final temperatures may be different because the samples have different:

Accepted Answer

A)  thermal conductivities 
B)  coefficients of expansion 
C)  densities 
D)  volumes 
E)  heat capacities 
A)  thermal conductivities 
B)  coefficients of expansion 
C)  densities 
D)  volumes 
E)  heat capacities

Question 11

When the temperature of a copper penny is increased by 100 C $\degree$, its diameter increases by 0.17%. The area of one of its faces increases by:

Accepted Answer

A)  0.17% 
B)  0.34% 
C)  0.51% 
D)  0.13% 
E)  0.27% 
A)  0.17% 
B)  0.34% 
C)  0.51% 
D)  0.13% 
E)  0.27%

Question 12

The diagram shows four thermometers, labeled W, X, Y, and Z. The freezing and boiling points of water are indicated. Rank the thermometers according to the size of a degree on their scales, smallest to largest.

Accepted Answer

A)  W, X, Y, Z 
B)  Y, W, X, Z 
C)  Z, Y, W, X 
D)  Z, X, W, Y 
E)  W, Y, Z, X 
A)  W, X, Y, Z 
B)  Y, W, X, Z 
C)  Z, Y, W, X 
D)  Z, X, W, Y 
E)  W, Y, Z, X

Question 13

In the free expansion of a gas,

Accepted Answer

A)  the work done is zero but the heat transfer and change in internal energy may not be zero 
B)  the heat transfer is zero but the work done and the change in internal energy may not be zero 
C)  the change in internal energy is zero but the work done and the heat transfer may not be zero 
D)  the work done, the heat transfer, and the change in internal energy all may not be zero 
E)  the work done, the heat transfer, and the change in internal energy all are zero 
A)  the work done is zero but the heat transfer and change in internal energy may not be zero 
B)  the heat transfer is zero but the work done and the change in internal energy may not be zero 
C)  the change in internal energy is zero but the work done and the heat transfer may not be zero 
D)  the work done, the heat transfer, and the change in internal energy all may not be zero 
E)  the work done, the heat transfer, and the change in internal energy all are zero

Question 14

In constructing a thermometer it is NECESSARY to use a substance that:

Accepted Answer

A)  expands with rising temperature 
B)  expands linearly with rising temperature 
C)  will not freeze 
D)  will not boil 
E)  undergoes some change when heated or cooled 
A)  expands with rising temperature 
B)  expands linearly with rising temperature 
C)  will not freeze 
D)  will not boil 
E)  undergoes some change when heated or cooled

Question 15

The heat capacity of object B is twice that of object A. Initially A is at 300 K and B is at 450 K. They are placed in thermal contact and the combination is isolated. The final temperature of both objects is:

Accepted Answer

A)  300 K 
B)  350 K 
C)  400 K 
D)  450 K 
E)  600 K 
A)  300 K 
B)  350 K 
C)  400 K 
D)  450 K 
E)  600 K

Question 16

Constant-volume gas thermometers using different gases all indicate nearly the same temperature when in contact with the same object if:

Accepted Answer

A)  the volumes are all extremely large 
B)  the volumes are all the same 
C)  the pressures are all extremely large 
D)  the pressures are the same 
E)  the particle concentrations are all extremely small 
A)  the volumes are all extremely large 
B)  the volumes are all the same 
C)  the pressures are all extremely large 
D)  the pressures are the same 
E)  the particle concentrations are all extremely small

Question 17

Of the following which might NOT be zero over one cycle of a cyclic process?

Accepted Answer

A)  the change in the internal energy of the substance 
B)  the change in pressure of the substance 
C)  the work done by the substance 
D)  the change in the volume of the substance 
E)  the change in the temperature of the substance 
A)  the change in the internal energy of the substance 
B)  the change in pressure of the substance 
C)  the work done by the substance 
D)  the change in the volume of the substance 
E)  the change in the temperature of the substance

Question 18

Take the mechanical equivalent of heat as 4 J/cal. A 10-gram bullet moving at 2000 m/s plunges into 1 kg of paraffin wax (specific heat 0.7 cal/g .  $\degree$C). The wax was initially at 20  $\degree$C. Assuming that all the bullet's energy heats the wax, its final temperature is:

Accepted Answer

A)  20.14   $\degree$C 
B)  23.5   $\degree$C 
C)  20.006   $\degree$C 
D)  27.1   $\degree$C 
E)  48.6   $\degree$C 
A)  20.14   $\degree$C 
B)  23.5   $\degree$C 
C)  20.006   $\degree$C 
D)  27.1   $\degree$C 
E)  48.6   $\degree$C

Question 19

If two objects are in thermal equilibrium with each other

Accepted Answer

A)  they cannot be moving 
B)  they cannot be undergoing an elastic collision 
C)  they cannot have different pressures 
D)  they cannot be at different temperatures 
E)  they cannot be falling in the Earth's gravitational field 
A)  they cannot be moving 
B)  they cannot be undergoing an elastic collision 
C)  they cannot have different pressures 
D)  they cannot be at different temperatures 
E)  they cannot be falling in the Earth's gravitational field

Question 20

The heat capacity of an object is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of heat energy to raise its temperature by 1 $\degree$C 
B)  the amount of heat energy to change its state without changing its temperature 
C)  the amount of heat energy per kilogram to raise its temperature by 1 $\degree$C 
D)  the ratio of its specific heat to that of water 
E)  the change in its temperature caused by adding 1 J of heat 
A)  the amount of heat energy to raise its temperature by 1 $\degree$C 
B)  the amount of heat energy to change its state without changing its temperature 
C)  the amount of heat energy per kilogram to raise its temperature by 1 $\degree$C 
D)  the ratio of its specific heat to that of water 
E)  the change in its temperature caused by adding 1 J of heat

Exam 18: Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics

The thermal energy of an object is associated with:

The two metallic strips that constitute some thermostats must differ in:

To help keep buildings cool in the summer, dark colored window shades have been replaced by light colored shades. This is because light colored shades:

A homeowner purchases insulation for her attic rated at R-15. She wants the attic insulated to R-30. If the insulation she purchased is 10 cm thick, what thickness does she need to use?

In the first law of thermodynamics, the change in internal energy ΔEint:

The figure shows a rectangular brass plate at 0 °\degree° C in which there is cut a rectangular hole of dimensions indicated. If the temperature of the plate is raised to 150 °\degree° C:

The international standard thermometer is kept:

The coefficient of expansion of a certain type of steel is 0.000012 per C °\degree° . The coefficient of volume expansion is:

Two different samples have the same mass and temperature. Equal quantities of energy are absorbed as heat by each. Their final temperatures may be different because the samples have different:

When the temperature of a copper penny is increased by 100 C °\degree° , its diameter increases by 0.17%. The area of one of its faces increases by:

The diagram shows four thermometers, labeled W, X, Y, and Z. The freezing and boiling points of water are indicated. Rank the thermometers according to the size of a degree on their scales, smallest to largest.

In the free expansion of a gas,

In constructing a thermometer it is NECESSARY to use a substance that:

The heat capacity of object B is twice that of object A. Initially A is at 300 K and B is at 450 K. They are placed in thermal contact and the combination is isolated. The final temperature of both objects is:

Constant-volume gas thermometers using different gases all indicate nearly the same temperature when in contact with the same object if:

Of the following which might NOT be zero over one cycle of a cyclic process?

Take the mechanical equivalent of heat as 4 J/cal. A 10-gram bullet moving at 2000 m/s plunges into 1 kg of paraffin wax (specific heat 0.7 cal/g . °\degree° C). The wax was initially at 20 °\degree° C. Assuming that all the bullet's energy heats the wax, its final temperature is:

If two objects are in thermal equilibrium with each other

The heat capacity of an object is:

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In the first law of thermodynamics, the change in internal energy ΔE_int:

The coefficient of expansion of a certain type of steel is 0.000012 per C $\degree$ . The coefficient of volume expansion is:

When the temperature of a copper penny is increased by 100 C $\degree$ , its diameter increases by 0.17%. The area of one of its faces increases by:

Take the mechanical equivalent of heat as 4 J/cal. A 10-gram bullet moving at 2000 m/s plunges into 1 kg of paraffin wax (specific heat 0.7 cal/g . $\degree$ C). The wax was initially at 20 $\degree$ C. Assuming that all the bullet's energy heats the wax, its final temperature is: