Question 1

The tendency to solve problems using procedures or strategies that worked in the past on similar problems is called

Accepted Answer

A) the availability heuristic. 
B) metacognition. 
C) mental set. 
D) cognitive dissonance. 
A) the availability heuristic. 
B) metacognition. 
C) mental set. 
D) cognitive dissonance.

Question 2

Comparisons of attitudes and performance in regard to math tests in Asia and the U.S.showed that

Accepted Answer

A) although the attitudes toward intellectual success were similar among Asian children and American children,their actual performance on tests differed markedly. 
B) only 10 percent of the American children had scores as low on computations and word problems as the average Asian child. 
C) only 4 percent of the Chinese children and 10 percent of the Japanese children had scores as low as the average American child. 
D) although the performance of Asian children and American children is similar,attitudes toward intellectual success differed markedly. 
A) although the attitudes toward intellectual success were similar among Asian children and American children,their actual performance on tests differed markedly. 
B) only 10 percent of the American children had scores as low on computations and word problems as the average Asian child. 
C) only 4 percent of the Chinese children and 10 percent of the Japanese children had scores as low as the average American child. 
D) although the performance of Asian children and American children is similar,attitudes toward intellectual success differed markedly.

Question 3

When reading information that challenges one's beliefs,one tends to minimize the strengths of such claims.The __________ accounts for this barrier to reasoning rationally.

Accepted Answer

A) confirmation bias 
B) stereotype threat 
C) unfairness bias 
D) hindsight bias 
A) confirmation bias 
B) stereotype threat 
C) unfairness bias 
D) hindsight bias

Question 4

The Binet intelligence test measured children on what new concept?

Accepted Answer

A) divergent thinking 
B) mental set 
C) mental age 
D) creativity 
A) divergent thinking 
B) mental set 
C) mental age 
D) creativity

Question 5

When researchers use the term "intelligence" they are generally referring to

Accepted Answer

A) the number of facts a person has memorized over their entire lifetime. 
B) an inferred characteristic of an individual usually defined as the ability to profit from experience,acquire knowledge,think abstractly,act purposefully,or adapt to changes in the environment 
C) the learned ability of an individual to become aware of his or her own mental processes,using these processes to become knowledgeable about the external world and about his or her own specific mental talents 
D) a specific measure of memory,vocabulary,and perceptual discrimination computed by dividing a person's mental age by his or her chronological age and multiplying the result by one hundred 
A) the number of facts a person has memorized over their entire lifetime. 
B) an inferred characteristic of an individual usually defined as the ability to profit from experience,acquire knowledge,think abstractly,act purposefully,or adapt to changes in the environment 
C) the learned ability of an individual to become aware of his or her own mental processes,using these processes to become knowledgeable about the external world and about his or her own specific mental talents 
D) a specific measure of memory,vocabulary,and perceptual discrimination computed by dividing a person's mental age by his or her chronological age and multiplying the result by one hundred

Question 6

__________ simplify and summarize information about the world so that it is manageable.

Accepted Answer

A) Concepts 
B) Prototypes 
C) Mental sets 
D) Algorithms 
A) Concepts 
B) Prototypes 
C) Mental sets 
D) Algorithms

Question 7

List three personality characteristics that are related to creativity.

Accepted Answer

Three personality characterist

Question 8

Sandra enters a restaurant and is seated.Sandra expects that the waiter will come with a menu,she will order,she will eat,and she will pay her bill.Sandra has a mental model of how restaurants operate.This mental model is also known as a

Accepted Answer

A) mental image. 
B) cognitive schema. 
C) proposition. 
D) concept. 
A) mental image. 
B) cognitive schema. 
C) proposition. 
D) concept.

Question 9

"Rules of thumb" that suggest a course of action without guaranteeing an optimal solution are called

Accepted Answer

A) biases. 
B) heuristics. 
C) mental sets. 
D) algorithms. 
A) biases. 
B) heuristics. 
C) mental sets. 
D) algorithms.

Question 10

According to Kitchener and King,there are _______________ stages on the way to achieving reflective judgment.

Accepted Answer

A) three 
B) five 
C) six 
D) seven 
A) three 
B) five 
C) six 
D) seven

Question 11

As Bud and his sister Marilou play bridge,he whispers that she should play her high cards first.Bud wants to make sure that Marilou remembers a(n)_______________ concerning bridge.

Accepted Answer

A) heuristic 
B) prototype 
C) algorithm 
D) deduction 
A) heuristic 
B) prototype 
C) algorithm 
D) deduction

Question 12

Describe what cognitive ethnologists study.

Accepted Answer

They study cognitive

Question 13

Cognitive ethology is the study of cognitive processes in nonhuman animals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of formal reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) The information needed to solve the problem may be unclear or missing. 
B) There is typically one correct answer. 
C) The problem typically has personal relevance. 
D) It can be difficult to know when the problem is solved. 
A) The information needed to solve the problem may be unclear or missing. 
B) There is typically one correct answer. 
C) The problem typically has personal relevance. 
D) It can be difficult to know when the problem is solved.

Question 15

Between World War I and the 1960s,the intelligence tests developed for use in schools favored

Accepted Answer

A) white children over nonwhite children. 
B) rural children over city children. 
C) poor children over middle-class children. 
D) extroverted children over introverted children. 
A) white children over nonwhite children. 
B) rural children over city children. 
C) poor children over middle-class children. 
D) extroverted children over introverted children.

Question 16

When he begins deliberating with fellow jurors,DeAndre is convinced of the defendant's guilt.As he listens attentively,he rethinks his own position in order to evaluate the evidence for the perspective of innocence.This point-counterpoint method of deliberation is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) contextual intelligence. 
B) dialectical reasoning. 
C) formal reasoning. 
D) inductive reasoning. 
A) contextual intelligence. 
B) dialectical reasoning. 
C) formal reasoning. 
D) inductive reasoning.

Question 17

Fenton has learned a great strategy for winning a card game but he developed the strategy without being able to consciously identify what he was doing.He isn't even sure what exactly he has learned! This type of learning is called

Accepted Answer

A) implicit learning. 
B) prototypical learning. 
C) mindless learning. 
D) algorithmic learning. 
A) implicit learning. 
B) prototypical learning. 
C) mindless learning. 
D) algorithmic learning.

Question 18

A common form of dissonance reduction occurs when individuals increase their liking for something that they have worked hard to attain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Bobbi,a successful stockbroker,says that she is not upset after her relationship ended,but she began abusing alcohol after the relationship ended,and she becomes very impulsive and violent when she is angry.Bobbi would likely score __________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A) low on tests of emotional 
B) low on tests of componential 
C) high on tests of emotional 
D) high on tests of componential 
A) low on tests of emotional 
B) low on tests of componential 
C) high on tests of emotional 
D) high on tests of componential

Question 20

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between intelligence and IQ?

Accepted Answer

A) There is no real relationship between intelligence and IQ. 
B) Intelligence and IQ are synonymous terms and mean the same thing. 
C) IQ is a measure of intelligence. 
D) Intelligence is a measure of IQ. 
A) There is no real relationship between intelligence and IQ. 
B) Intelligence and IQ are synonymous terms and mean the same thing. 
C) IQ is a measure of intelligence. 
D) Intelligence is a measure of IQ.

The tendency to solve problems using procedures or strategies that worked in the past on similar problems is called

Comparisons of attitudes and performance in regard to math tests in Asia and the U.S.showed that

When reading information that challenges one's beliefs,one tends to minimize the strengths of such claims.The __________ accounts for this barrier to reasoning rationally.

The Binet intelligence test measured children on what new concept?

When researchers use the term "intelligence" they are generally referring to

__________ simplify and summarize information about the world so that it is manageable.

List three personality characteristics that are related to creativity.

Sandra enters a restaurant and is seated.Sandra expects that the waiter will come with a menu,she will order,she will eat,and she will pay her bill.Sandra has a mental model of how restaurants operate.This mental model is also known as a

"Rules of thumb" that suggest a course of action without guaranteeing an optimal solution are called

According to Kitchener and King,there are _______________ stages on the way to achieving reflective judgment.

As Bud and his sister Marilou play bridge,he whispers that she should play her high cards first.Bud wants to make sure that Marilou remembers a(n)_______________ concerning bridge.

Describe what cognitive ethnologists study.

Cognitive ethology is the study of cognitive processes in nonhuman animals.

Which of the following is a characteristic of formal reasoning?

Between World War I and the 1960s,the intelligence tests developed for use in schools favored

When he begins deliberating with fellow jurors,DeAndre is convinced of the defendant's guilt.As he listens attentively,he rethinks his own position in order to evaluate the evidence for the perspective of innocence.This point-counterpoint method of deliberation is an example of

Fenton has learned a great strategy for winning a card game but he developed the strategy without being able to consciously identify what he was doing.He isn't even sure what exactly he has learned! This type of learning is called

A common form of dissonance reduction occurs when individuals increase their liking for something that they have worked hard to attain.

Bobbi,a successful stockbroker,says that she is not upset after her relationship ended,but she began abusing alcohol after the relationship ended,and she becomes very impulsive and violent when she is angry.Bobbi would likely score __________ intelligence.

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between intelligence and IQ?

What Is Psychology

Theories of Personality

Development Over the Life Span

Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Emotion, Stress, and Health

The Major Motives of Life: Food, Love, Sex, and Work

Filters

Exam 7: Thinking and Intelligence

The tendency to solve problems using procedures or strategies that worked in the past on similar problems is called

Comparisons of attitudes and performance in regard to math tests in Asia and the U.S.showed that

When reading information that challenges one's beliefs,one tends to minimize the strengths of such claims.The __________ accounts for this barrier to reasoning rationally.

The Binet intelligence test measured children on what new concept?

When researchers use the term "intelligence" they are generally referring to

__________ simplify and summarize information about the world so that it is manageable.

List three personality characteristics that are related to creativity.

Sandra enters a restaurant and is seated.Sandra expects that the waiter will come with a menu,she will order,she will eat,and she will pay her bill.Sandra has a mental model of how restaurants operate.This mental model is also known as a

"Rules of thumb" that suggest a course of action without guaranteeing an optimal solution are called

According to Kitchener and King,there are _______________ stages on the way to achieving reflective judgment.

As Bud and his sister Marilou play bridge,he whispers that she should play her high cards first.Bud wants to make sure that Marilou remembers a(n)_______________ concerning bridge.

Describe what cognitive ethnologists study.

Cognitive ethology is the study of cognitive processes in nonhuman animals.

Which of the following is a characteristic of formal reasoning?

Between World War I and the 1960s,the intelligence tests developed for use in schools favored

When he begins deliberating with fellow jurors,DeAndre is convinced of the defendant's guilt.As he listens attentively,he rethinks his own position in order to evaluate the evidence for the perspective of innocence.This point-counterpoint method of deliberation is an example of

Fenton has learned a great strategy for winning a card game but he developed the strategy without being able to consciously identify what he was doing.He isn't even sure what exactly he has learned! This type of learning is called

A common form of dissonance reduction occurs when individuals increase their liking for something that they have worked hard to attain.

Bobbi,a successful stockbroker,says that she is not upset after her relationship ended,but she began abusing alcohol after the relationship ended,and she becomes very impulsive and violent when she is angry.Bobbi would likely score __________ intelligence.

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between intelligence and IQ?

What Is Psychology

Theories of Personality

Development Over the Life Span

Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Emotion, Stress, and Health

The Major Motives of Life: Food, Love, Sex, and Work

Filters