Question 1

The tendency to think that human beings have nothing in common with other animals is called anthropomorphism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Florence is just about to use a photocopier when Judith scurries up saying,"Excuse me,may I use the copy machine,because I have to make copies?" According to a classic study,Florence is likely to comply with Judith's request because

Accepted Answer

A) the reason given by Judith sounds like an authentic explanation even though it is meaningless. 
B) people are generally polite enough to let others go ahead of them,whatever the reason. 
C) Florence's cognitive schema includes the concept of politeness. 
D) the strategy necessary to comply with reasonable requests is incorporated into Florence's mental network. 
A) the reason given by Judith sounds like an authentic explanation even though it is meaningless. 
B) people are generally polite enough to let others go ahead of them,whatever the reason. 
C) Florence's cognitive schema includes the concept of politeness. 
D) the strategy necessary to comply with reasonable requests is incorporated into Florence's mental network.

Question 3

According to the triarchic theory of intelligence,there are three aspects of intelligence.The _______________ aspect refers to the information-processing strategies that go on inside your head when you are thinking intelligently about a problem.

Accepted Answer

A) psychometric 
B) componential 
C) contextual 
D) experiential 
A) psychometric 
B) componential 
C) contextual 
D) experiential

Question 4

When Manmeet's father passed away,the will stated that the Manmeet and his brother should decide how to split the estate between them.After weeks of fighting over how to divide the inheritance,Manmeet tells his brother,"I would rather both of us get nothing than for you to get more than is right!" This somewhat irrational position is likely the result of

Accepted Answer

A) the fairness bias. 
B) the hindsight bias. 
C) cognitive dissonance. 
D) avoiding loss. 
A) the fairness bias. 
B) the hindsight bias. 
C) cognitive dissonance. 
D) avoiding loss.

Question 5

Rules of thumb that do not guarantee a solution but may help bring one within reach are called

Accepted Answer

A) functional sets. 
B) heuristics. 
C) algorithms. 
D) problem states. 
A) functional sets. 
B) heuristics. 
C) algorithms. 
D) problem states.

Question 6

When Köhler put chimpanzees in situations in which tempting bananas were just out of reach,he found that

Accepted Answer

A) almost all of the apes figured out a way to reach the bananas. 
B) many of the apes showed humanlike emotions and advanced cognitive abilities. 
C) the apes performed impressive gymnastic maneuvers to get the bananas but did not use objects. 
D) apes often sat quietly for a while and then seemed to have sudden insight into a solution. 
A) almost all of the apes figured out a way to reach the bananas. 
B) many of the apes showed humanlike emotions and advanced cognitive abilities. 
C) the apes performed impressive gymnastic maneuvers to get the bananas but did not use objects. 
D) apes often sat quietly for a while and then seemed to have sudden insight into a solution.

Question 7

Which of the following is likely to reduce the effect of stereotype threat on performance?

Accepted Answer

A) being the only member of your racial group taking the test 
B) being the only female taking the test 
C) being asked to state your race before taking the test 
D) being informed about stereotype threat before taking the test 
A) being the only member of your racial group taking the test 
B) being the only female taking the test 
C) being asked to state your race before taking the test 
D) being informed about stereotype threat before taking the test

Question 8

The knowledge and awareness of one's own cognitive processes is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) tacit knowledge. 
B) emotional intelligence. 
C) metacognition. 
D) contextual intelligence. 
A) tacit knowledge. 
B) emotional intelligence. 
C) metacognition. 
D) contextual intelligence.

Question 9

Both propositions and mental images can be used to construct

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive schemas. 
B) concepts. 
C) prototypes. 
D) implicit thoughts. 
A) cognitive schemas. 
B) concepts. 
C) prototypes. 
D) implicit thoughts.

Question 10

If individuals are asked to rate the effectiveness of condoms in preventing the transmission of HIV (the virus that causes AIDS),they would be most likely to rate a condom as effective if they were told

Accepted Answer

A) that the condom has a 95 percent success rate in protecting against the HIV virus. 
B) that only 5 condom users out of every 100 are not protected against the HIV virus. 
C) that the condom has a 5 percent failure rate in protecting against the HIV virus. 
D) any of the options listed above because each option describes the same probability. 
A) that the condom has a 95 percent success rate in protecting against the HIV virus. 
B) that only 5 condom users out of every 100 are not protected against the HIV virus. 
C) that the condom has a 5 percent failure rate in protecting against the HIV virus. 
D) any of the options listed above because each option describes the same probability.

Question 11

Cognition is a synonym for

Accepted Answer

A) perception. 
B) learning. 
C) thinking. 
D) intelligence. 
A) perception. 
B) learning. 
C) thinking. 
D) intelligence.

Question 12

Dallas is a 10-year-old boy who has a mental age of 9 years.His IQ would be about

Accepted Answer

A) 10. 
B) 90. 
C) 100. 
D) 110. 
A) 10. 
B) 90. 
C) 100. 
D) 110.

Question 13

If your premises are "I didn't see any cars on Mackinac Island my first day here" and "I didn't see any cars the rest of the week either," then you might reasonably reach the conclusion,"There aren't any cars on Mackinac Island." This kind of reasoning is called _______________ reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A) dialectical 
B) deductive 
C) algorithmic 
D) inductive 
A) dialectical 
B) deductive 
C) algorithmic 
D) inductive

Question 14

In formal reasoning problems,the information needed for reaching a solution is specified clearly and there is a single right answer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

When trying to make sense of something that happened,we tend to misremember our original expectations about what would happen and convince ourselves that we foresaw what was coming.This is feature of

Accepted Answer

A) confirmation bias. 
B) fairness bias. 
C) mental set. 
D) hindsight bias. 
A) confirmation bias. 
B) fairness bias. 
C) mental set. 
D) hindsight bias.

Question 16

One of the longest-running psychological studies ever conducted was begun by Lewis Terman in 1921 in order to learn about children who scored in the top 1 percent of the IQ distribution.As they reached adulthood,some of these "Termites," as they were called,fulfilled their early promise,but others did not.Analyze the differences between those who were successful and those who were not.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 17

People in the quasi-reflective stages would be likely to say that

Accepted Answer

A) because knowledge is uncertain,any judgment about the evidence is purely subjective. 
B) correct answers always exist and they can be obtained through the senses. 
C) some judgments are more valid than others due to their coherence. 
D) their conclusions are the most compelling based on current evidence. 
A) because knowledge is uncertain,any judgment about the evidence is purely subjective. 
B) correct answers always exist and they can be obtained through the senses. 
C) some judgments are more valid than others due to their coherence. 
D) their conclusions are the most compelling based on current evidence.

Question 18

Allison is a master of quickly transferring her skills in photography to new artistic endeavors,including painting and sculpture.Allison is strong in __________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A) emotional 
B) componential 
C) contextual 
D) experiential 
A) emotional 
B) componential 
C) contextual 
D) experiential

Question 19

According the theory of cognitive dissonance,what should happen after a person has made a poor decision?

Accepted Answer

A) They will be more likely to warn others not to make the same mistake. 
B) They will be convinced that it was still the correct decision to make. 
C) They will be more open-minded than they were before making the decision. 
D) They will take full responsibility for the decision. 
A) They will be more likely to warn others not to make the same mistake. 
B) They will be convinced that it was still the correct decision to make. 
C) They will be more open-minded than they were before making the decision. 
D) They will take full responsibility for the decision.

Question 20

Dr.Portet is a researcher who studies cognitive processes in nonhuman animals.Dr.Portet works in the field of

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive consonance. 
B) cognitive dissonance. 
C) cognitive ethology. 
D) metacognition. 
A) cognitive consonance. 
B) cognitive dissonance. 
C) cognitive ethology. 
D) metacognition.

The tendency to think that human beings have nothing in common with other animals is called anthropomorphism.

Florence is just about to use a photocopier when Judith scurries up saying,"Excuse me,may I use the copy machine,because I have to make copies?" According to a classic study,Florence is likely to comply with Judith's request because

According to the triarchic theory of intelligence,there are three aspects of intelligence.The _______________ aspect refers to the information-processing strategies that go on inside your head when you are thinking intelligently about a problem.

Rules of thumb that do not guarantee a solution but may help bring one within reach are called

When Köhler put chimpanzees in situations in which tempting bananas were just out of reach,he found that

Which of the following is likely to reduce the effect of stereotype threat on performance?

The knowledge and awareness of one's own cognitive processes is referred to as

Both propositions and mental images can be used to construct

If individuals are asked to rate the effectiveness of condoms in preventing the transmission of HIV (the virus that causes AIDS),they would be most likely to rate a condom as effective if they were told

Cognition is a synonym for

Dallas is a 10-year-old boy who has a mental age of 9 years.His IQ would be about

If your premises are "I didn't see any cars on Mackinac Island my first day here" and "I didn't see any cars the rest of the week either," then you might reasonably reach the conclusion,"There aren't any cars on Mackinac Island." This kind of reasoning is called _______________ reasoning.

In formal reasoning problems,the information needed for reaching a solution is specified clearly and there is a single right answer.

When trying to make sense of something that happened,we tend to misremember our original expectations about what would happen and convince ourselves that we foresaw what was coming.This is feature of

People in the quasi-reflective stages would be likely to say that

Allison is a master of quickly transferring her skills in photography to new artistic endeavors,including painting and sculpture.Allison is strong in __________ intelligence.

According the theory of cognitive dissonance,what should happen after a person has made a poor decision?

Dr.Portet is a researcher who studies cognitive processes in nonhuman animals.Dr.Portet works in the field of

What Is Psychology

Theories of Personality

Development Over the Life Span

Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Emotion, Stress, and Health

The Major Motives of Life: Food, Love, Sex, and Work

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Exam 7: Thinking and Intelligence

The tendency to think that human beings have nothing in common with other animals is called anthropomorphism.

Florence is just about to use a photocopier when Judith scurries up saying,"Excuse me,may I use the copy machine,because I have to make copies?" According to a classic study,Florence is likely to comply with Judith's request because

According to the triarchic theory of intelligence,there are three aspects of intelligence.The _______________ aspect refers to the information-processing strategies that go on inside your head when you are thinking intelligently about a problem.

Rules of thumb that do not guarantee a solution but may help bring one within reach are called

When Köhler put chimpanzees in situations in which tempting bananas were just out of reach,he found that

Which of the following is likely to reduce the effect of stereotype threat on performance?

The knowledge and awareness of one's own cognitive processes is referred to as

Both propositions and mental images can be used to construct

If individuals are asked to rate the effectiveness of condoms in preventing the transmission of HIV (the virus that causes AIDS),they would be most likely to rate a condom as effective if they were told

Cognition is a synonym for

Dallas is a 10-year-old boy who has a mental age of 9 years.His IQ would be about

If your premises are "I didn't see any cars on Mackinac Island my first day here" and "I didn't see any cars the rest of the week either," then you might reasonably reach the conclusion,"There aren't any cars on Mackinac Island." This kind of reasoning is called _______________ reasoning.

In formal reasoning problems,the information needed for reaching a solution is specified clearly and there is a single right answer.

When trying to make sense of something that happened,we tend to misremember our original expectations about what would happen and convince ourselves that we foresaw what was coming.This is feature of

People in the quasi-reflective stages would be likely to say that

Allison is a master of quickly transferring her skills in photography to new artistic endeavors,including painting and sculpture.Allison is strong in __________ intelligence.

According the theory of cognitive dissonance,what should happen after a person has made a poor decision?

Dr.Portet is a researcher who studies cognitive processes in nonhuman animals.Dr.Portet works in the field of

What Is Psychology

Theories of Personality

Development Over the Life Span

Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Emotion, Stress, and Health

The Major Motives of Life: Food, Love, Sex, and Work

Filters