Question 1

A correlation coefficient of 0.00 means that there is

Accepted Answer

A) a strong negative relationship between the two variables. 
B) a strong positive relationship between the two variables. 
C) a perfect positive relationship between the two variables. 
D) no relationship between the two variables.

Question 2

The experimenter usually sets the value of

Accepted Answer

A) the independent variable. 
B) the effect variables. 
C) the dependent variables. 
D) all of the variables in the experiment.

Question 3

A teacher believes that one group of children is very bright and that a second group is below average in ability.Actually, the groups are identical, but the first group progresses more rapidly than the second.This demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A) the self-fulfilling prophecy. 
B) the placebo effect in a natural experiment. 
C) observer bias in naturalistic observation. 
D) the ethical problems of field experiments.

Question 4

_____ psychologists tend to treat milder problems, such as poor adjustment at work or school.

Accepted Answer

A) Clinical 
B) Counseling 
C) Comparative 
D) Social

Question 5

Dr.Berka is studying how biology, child rearing, education, and societal stereotypes influence the differing behaviors exhibited by females and males in the workplace.Dr.Berka is most likely a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) comparative psychologist. 
B) perceptual psychologist 
C) gender psychologist. 
D) evolutionary psychologist.

Question 6

Placebos have such a strong effect on people because

Accepted Answer

A) doctors prescribe them. 
B) their impact is immediate. 
C) their impact is long-term. 
D) they alter people's expectations.

Question 7

Milgram's study of obedience to authority, where subjects thought they were shocking another subject, raised questions about which two ethical concerns?

Accepted Answer

A) deception and invasion of privacy 
B) invasion of privacy and lasting harm to subjects 
C) lasting harm to subjects and deception 
D) confidentiality and invasion of privacy

Question 8

You wake up in the middle of the night with a splitting headache. Blearily, you stumble to the medicine cabinet and feel for the bottle of aspirin. Taking one, you return to bed, and you find that after 20 minutes of tossing and turning, your headache dissipates enough to enable you to sleep. When you wake up and look in the bathroom, you discover that you actually took a vitamin E pill instead of aspirin. You realize that your headache went away during the night due to the

Accepted Answer

A)  biological properties of vitamin E. 
B)  placebo effect. 
C)  Barnum effect. 
D)  release of norepinephrenine accompanying the ingestion of vitamin E.

Question 9

A social psychologist measures aggressive responses made by people exposed to violent and nonviolent movies.All of the subjects are tested in rooms having identical room temperature.Thus, room temperature is a(n) _____ variable in the experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) correlated 
B) independent 
C) dependent 
D) extraneous

Question 10

"I am studying the different management styles of females CEOs versus male CEOs.Who am I?"

Accepted Answer

A) a comparative psychologist 
B) a gender psychologist 
C) a learning psychologist 
D) a developmental psychologist

Question 11

Psychology majors also tend to succeed in

Accepted Answer

A) sales and business. 
B) management. 
C) public affairs. 
D) all of these.

Question 12

When subjects in an experiment are chosen so that each has an equal chance of being in either the experimental group or the control group, we say that the subjects have been assigned

Accepted Answer

A) alternately. 
B) hypothetically. 
C) randomly. 
D) consecutively.

Question 13

A _____ psychologist might explore how we recognize someone's voice over the telephone through our interpretation of the pitch.

Accepted Answer

A) personality 
B) comparative 
C) learning 
D) sensation and perception

Question 14

If you are having a hard time toilet training your young, healthy puppy, you would be most likely to obtain helpful information from a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) biopsychologist. 
B) developmental psychologist. 
C) eclectic theorist. 
D) learning theorist.

Question 15

Santarrio is conducting research to determine the colors, shapes, and sounds that newborns prefer.Santarrio's research would be considered _____ research.

Accepted Answer

A) applied 
B) basic 
C) archetypal 
D) comparative

Question 16

A teacher wants to find out if a problem-based history program is superior to the regular history curriculum being used.The motivation and intelligence of the students participating in the new and the regular history programs would be considered the

Accepted Answer

A) independent variables. 
B) dependent variables. 
C) extraneous variables. 
D) control variables.

Question 17

Individuals who would most enjoy becoming a psychologist

Accepted Answer

A) typically like planning and carrying out complex projects and activities. 
B) tend to be emotionally stable. 
C) have good communication skills. 
D) tend to exhibit all of these characteristics.

Question 18

A psychologist who studies family dynamics and their effects on the behavior of individuals in different ethnic groups would probably be a(n) _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A) learning 
B) cultural 
C) evolutionary 
D) cognitive

Question 19

A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other variable

Accepted Answer

A) increases. 
B) decreases. 
C) remains constant. 
D) is unpredictable.

Question 20

In an experiment to study the effects of study skills training on academic achievement, the study skills training would be

Accepted Answer

A) the dependent variable. 
B) an extraneous variable. 
C) the control variable. 
D) the independent variable.

Exam 1: Extension B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods