Exam 9: Thinking and Intelligence

The process in which opposing facts are weighed and compared to determine the best solution is called:

On a trip to Australia, Caleb sees an ibis for the first time. Despite never having seen one before, he uses his ______________ for bird to quickly identify the ibis as a type of bird.

A unit of meaning that is made up of concepts and expresses a single idea is called a:

_______ is the tendency to solve new problems using procedures that worked before on similar problems.

Which of the following abilities have primates demonstrated, either in the natural environment or the laboratory? a. the use of objects as simple tools b. the summing of quantities c. the use of symbols to make requests d. an understanding of short English sentences

As a woman, Dawn is aware of the stereotypes that women are not good at math. When she completes a questionnaire about her gender and then is given a math test, it is most likely that:

The Binet intelligence test was originally developed to:

Scientists agree that a general ability underlies the specific abilities and talents measured by intelligence tests.

A ________ is an integrated mental network of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations concerning a particular topic or aspect of the world.

Peter's mental representation of Thanksgiving includes associations about turkeys, attitudes toward the holiday, and expectations about the weight he would gain! These are all part of his ________ for the holiday.

Which of the following statements is consistent with Benjamin Whorf's proposal about language?

An algorithm is a rule of thumb that suggests a course of action or guides problem solving but does not guarantee an optimal solution.

Research on the Ultimatum Game shows that people usually act out of rational self-interest.

A mental image is:

________ is the tendency of individuals to increase their liking for something that they have worked hard or suffered to attain.

Connie's method of studying worked effectively throughout high school until she took her first foreign language course. In this course, her grades were much lower than usual. How could her mental set for studying have played a role in Connie scoring low grades?

Define your terms! In Chapter 1, we learned that this was an important guideline with regard to critical thinking. People refer to intelligence all the time, but how is intelligence usually defined? Does the musical genius of a world-class violinist count as intelligence? Based on your reading of Chapter 9, describe different ways that intelligence has been defined.

In the 1950s, a social psychologist and two of his associates joined a "doomsday" group in order to study how the group members would react when the world did not end as predicted by their leader. How did the believers respond? Analyze their responses according to the theory of cognitive dissonance.

Research on animals and language indicates that:

Who among the following people is most likely to experience cognitive dissonance?