Exam 9: Thinking and Intelligence

Bernard shows off his vocabulary and book smarts when he is writing a paper for his English professor. When he is talking with the people who live in his working-class neighborhood, he avoids using words that most people don't know. Bernard's ability to alter the way he communicates to fit different environments and situations demonstrates his ___________ intelligence.

Multitasking increases the time required to complete tasks.

Tiffany tells her husband that she thinks their dog is embarrassed to be walked around the neighborhood in the sweater that she knitted for him. This is almost certainly an example of:

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between intelligence and IQ?

If individuals are asked to rate the effectiveness of condoms in preventing the transmission of HIV (the virus that causes AIDS), they would be most likely to rate a condom as effective if they were told:

Compared to Asians, Americans are much more likely to think that a person either has mathematical intelligence or doesn't.

A common form of dissonance reduction occurs when individuals increase their liking for something that they have worked hard to attain.

The tendency to find patterns in events is a common mental set.

Which of the following is a characteristic of formal reasoning?

A quasi-reflective thinker would be most likely to say that:

IQ tests designed to avoid cultural bias have failed to entirely eliminate average group differences in IQ scores.

The ________ involves consulting one's emotions instead of estimating probabilities objectively.

In his research on stereotype threat, Claude Steele has revealed how cultural stereotypes influence test performance. Explain stereotype threat and the effects it has on test performance. Who typically experiences stereotype threat?

How does the availability heuristic lead people to believe that catastrophic events, such as plane crashes, occur more frequently than they actually do?

Stu meets a young woman at the student cafeteria. They hit it off and eventually get married. Says Stu, "I knew when I woke up that morning that something special was about to happen." What cognitive bias is affecting his thinking, charmingly romantic though it is?

Research conducted with chimpanzees suggests that they have a rudimentary sense of numbers.

Which statement is true about the mindless processing of information?

In a study discussed in your textbook, researchers studied the reactions of people who were about to use a photocopier when a researcher approached and asked to be allowed to use it first. One of three different requests was made: -"Excuse me; may I use the Xerox machine?" -"Excuse me; may I use the Xerox machine, because I have to make copies?" -"Excuse me; may I use the Xerox machine, because I'm in a rush?" How did the individuals typically respond to these requests? How were these results interpreted in our textbook?

Marylou is making her famous chili. Instead of measuring the amount of chopped peppers to add, she knows that a handful is "usually about right." This illustrates the use of a(n):

Dallas is a 10-year-old boy who has a mental age of 8 years. His IQ would be: