Exam 9: Thinking and Intelligence

Standardized intelligence tests tell us little about how a person goes about solving problems.

People who are ________ thinkers generally understand that some things can never be known with certainty, but they also understand that some judgments are more valid than others.

Tacit knowledge refers to:

Explain some of the hazards of multitasking.

Nate thinks that Republicans and Democrats almost never work together in Congress. The reason he believes this is that he finds it much easier to think of examples of politicians from the two parties not working together than to think of examples of them working together. It is likely that the ______________ has caused Nate to underestimate how frequently Democrats and Republicans work together.

Informal reasoning involves:

________ is the tendency to falsely attribute human qualities to nonhuman beings.

Catherine's grandmother says that if Catherine follows the family's traditional recipe for Irish soda bread exactly, then she is sure to have very good results. Catherine's grandmother is encouraging her granddaughter to:

________ is the study of cognitive processes in nonhuman animals, especially in natural environments.

Which of the following is a form of dissonance reduction?

According to the triarchic theory of intelligence, there are three kinds of intelligence. ________ intelligence refers to the practical application of intelligence in different situations and environments.

Mental age is a measure of mental development expressed in terms of the average mental ability at a given age.

In Chapter 2 (How Psychologists Do Research), we learned that in survey research, the phrasing of questions needs to be considered. How is this related to the importance of wording as noted in Chapter 9 (Thinking and Intelligence), especially with regard to the tendency to avoid loss and minimize risk?

________ thinkers generally assume that a correct answer always exists to problems and can be obtained through the senses or from authorities.

A cake recipe is one example of an algorithm.

Which of the following best describes the hindsight bias?

Sara has had a string of failed romantic relationships over the past 3 years. Her partners tend to tell the same story: Sara often can't tell when they are mad at her, and doesn't seem able to express her own feelings. If her exes' complaints are accurate, Sara would likely score low on tests of _________ intelligence.

Research on animals and language indicates that:

In general, people try to avoid losses when making a decision. Explain why this cognitive bias may affect a person's decision about accepting or rejecting various aspects of medical treatment.

A proposition is a unit of meaning that is made up of concepts and expresses a single idea.