Question 1

A person's beliefs about the "mind" and their ability to understand other people's mental states is referred to by the theory of ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  accommodation 
B)  metacognition 
C)  mind 
D)  egocentrism 
A)  accommodation 
B)  metacognition 
C)  mind 
D)  egocentrism

Question 2

According to Erikson's model,if the major crises of earlier stages have been successfully resolved,the person experiences a sense of completeness and fulfilment,called:

Accepted Answer

A)  intimacy. 
B)  generativity. 
C)  commitment. 
D)  integrity. 
A)  intimacy. 
B)  generativity. 
C)  commitment. 
D)  integrity.

Question 3

Roberta and Paul are the proud parents of a new baby girl.This means that when they conceived their child,the 23rd chromosome in Roberta's egg cell was a(n)____,and the 23rd chromosome in Paul's sperm cell was a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A)  X;X 
B)  X;Y 
C)  Y;X 
D)  Y;Y 
A)  X;X 
B)  X;Y 
C)  Y;X 
D)  Y;Y

Question 4

At birth,the newborn's brain is far from mature and has reached only about 25 percent of its eventual adult weight.By six months of age,however,the brain reaches __________ of its adult weight.

Accepted Answer

A)  30 percent 
B)  50 percent 
C)  75 percent 
D)  100 percent 
A)  30 percent 
B)  50 percent 
C)  75 percent 
D)  100 percent

Question 5

The benefit of using a cross-sectional research design is __________ and the limitation is that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  different cohorts grew up in different historical periods;data can be collected relatively quickly 
B)  everyone is exposed to the same historical period;collecting data can be time-consuming 
C)  data can be collected relatively quickly;different cohorts grew up in different historical periods 
D)  data can be collected by numerous researchers;data is more reliable 
A)  different cohorts grew up in different historical periods;data can be collected relatively quickly 
B)  everyone is exposed to the same historical period;collecting data can be time-consuming 
C)  data can be collected relatively quickly;different cohorts grew up in different historical periods 
D)  data can be collected by numerous researchers;data is more reliable

Question 6

Jean Piaget used the term __________ to refer to organized patterns of thought and action that guide children's interactions with the world.

Accepted Answer

A)  norm 
B)  schema 
C)  hypothesis 
D)  mental representation 
A)  norm 
B)  schema 
C)  hypothesis 
D)  mental representation

Question 7

Research studies examining the information-processing speeds of children have consistently found that processing speeds improve ______________ with age,and that the most rapid rate of change occurs between the ages of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuously;4 and 6 
B)  discontinuously;10 and 14 
C)  continuously;8 and 12 
D)  discontinuously;5 and 9 
A)  continuously;4 and 6 
B)  discontinuously;10 and 14 
C)  continuously;8 and 12 
D)  discontinuously;5 and 9

Question 8

Children can perform basic mental operations such as reversibility and conservation that concern problems with tangible objects and situations in the _________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  concrete operational 
B)  preoperational 
C)  formal operational 
D)  operational 
A)  concrete operational 
B)  preoperational 
C)  formal operational 
D)  operational

Question 9

In developmental research,a(n)_____________ period is an age range during which specific experiences must take place if normal development is to occur.This is in contrast to a ___________ period,where it is optimal but not necessarily essential for these experiences to occur.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitive;critical 
B)  critical;receptive 
C)  critical;sensitive 
D)  explicit;sensitive 
A)  sensitive;critical 
B)  critical;receptive 
C)  critical;sensitive 
D)  explicit;sensitive

Question 10

Harry Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys indicated that they appeared to develop more of an emotional bond with a "surrogate mother" who _________,a finding that has strong implications regarding the nature of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  was made of soft terry cloth;attachment 
B)  was made of soft terry cloth;conservation 
C)  provided food;attachment 
D)  provided food;separation anxiety 
A)  was made of soft terry cloth;attachment 
B)  was made of soft terry cloth;conservation 
C)  provided food;attachment 
D)  provided food;separation anxiety

Question 11

In his work examining the stability of shyness in early childhood,Jerome Kagen and his colleagues have found that the behavioural inhibition temperament variable is:

Accepted Answer

A)  completely unrelated to future behaviour patterns. 
B)  highly consistent and stable for the vast majority of children. 
C)  related to future behaviour patterns,but only for children rated as being extremely uninhibited. 
D)  related to future behaviour patterns,but only for children rated as being extremely uninhibited or extremely inhibited. 
A)  completely unrelated to future behaviour patterns. 
B)  highly consistent and stable for the vast majority of children. 
C)  related to future behaviour patterns,but only for children rated as being extremely uninhibited. 
D)  related to future behaviour patterns,but only for children rated as being extremely uninhibited or extremely inhibited.

Question 12

Consistent with the concept of _____________________,a study found that children over age three who grew up with older brothers or sisters performed _________ on a cognitive task than did children with no siblings or younger siblings.

Accepted Answer

A)  a zone of proximal development;better 
B)  egocentrism;worse 
C)  conservation;better 
D)  irreversibility;worse 
A)  a zone of proximal development;better 
B)  egocentrism;worse 
C)  conservation;better 
D)  irreversibility;worse

Question 13

The fact that a baby will suck on a finger that is placed in her mouth best illustrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  modelling 
D)  a reflex 
A)  operant conditioning 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  modelling 
D)  a reflex

Question 14

According to Erikson's model,older adults who have not achieved positive outcomes at earlier stages may experience regret for not being able to relive their lives in a more fulfilling way.This is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  stagnation. 
B)  despair. 
C)  isolation. 
D)  distress. 
A)  stagnation. 
B)  despair. 
C)  isolation. 
D)  distress.

Question 15

Dr.Constantine has decided that he wants to study hearing,language,and cognitive development in children.He tests infants and then retests them every year until they are 20 years old.He also begins to test a new group of infants a few years later.Again,Dr.Constantine tests these new infants and then retests them every year until they are 20 years old.Dr.Constantine looks for developmental trends and also compares the hearing,language,and cognitive development between the two groups.This experiment uses which research design?

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal 
B)  sequential 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  meta-analysis 
A)  longitudinal 
B)  sequential 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  meta-analysis

Question 16

When parents interact with their one- to eight-year-old children at science exhibits,they are much more likely to explain the details of how the exhibits work to their sons rather than their daughters even though their sons do not show any more interest in the exhibits than their daughters.This type of parental behaviour demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  gender constancy. 
B)  gender identity. 
C)  sex-role stereotypes. 
D)  sex-typing. 
A)  gender constancy. 
B)  gender identity. 
C)  sex-role stereotypes. 
D)  sex-typing.

Question 17

Cross-cultural research on the social habits of adolescents has revealed that teens in _____________ appear to place more emphasis on peer relationships than teens in _____________ do.

Accepted Answer

A)  America;Canada 
B)  Asia;Europe 
C)  Canada;Europe 
D)  Europe;America 
A)  America;Canada 
B)  Asia;Europe 
C)  Canada;Europe 
D)  Europe;America

Question 18

Robert and Christine have recently married,and Robert brings with him two children from a previous marriage.Studies suggest that Robert's kids will show the highest levels of adjustment if:

Accepted Answer

A)  Robert takes primary responsibility for the discipline and Christine is warm and supports his authority. 
B)  Robert and Christine equally share the discipline responsibilities. 
C)  Christine takes primary responsibility for the discipline and Robert supports her authority. 
D)  Discipline issues are avoided and both Robert and Christine adapt a permissive parenting style. 
A)  Robert takes primary responsibility for the discipline and Christine is warm and supports his authority. 
B)  Robert and Christine equally share the discipline responsibilities. 
C)  Christine takes primary responsibility for the discipline and Robert supports her authority. 
D)  Discipline issues are avoided and both Robert and Christine adapt a permissive parenting style.

Question 19

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory,the four crises that occur in infancy and childhood,in order,are:

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomy versus initiative,basic trust versus mistrust,initiative versus guilt,and industry versus inferiority. 
B)  basic trust versus mistrust,autonomy versus shame and doubt,initiative versus guilt,industry versus inferiority. 
C)  basic trust versus mistrust,industry versus inferiority,initiative versus guilt,autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
D)  initiative versus guilt,autonomy versus shame and doubt,basic trust versus mistrust,industry versus inferiority. 
A)  autonomy versus initiative,basic trust versus mistrust,initiative versus guilt,and industry versus inferiority. 
B)  basic trust versus mistrust,autonomy versus shame and doubt,initiative versus guilt,industry versus inferiority. 
C)  basic trust versus mistrust,industry versus inferiority,initiative versus guilt,autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
D)  initiative versus guilt,autonomy versus shame and doubt,basic trust versus mistrust,industry versus inferiority.

Question 20

The process by which an individual evaluates and modifies emotional reactions is called emotional:

Accepted Answer

A)  display. 
B)  development. 
C)  regulation. 
D)  competence. 
A)  display. 
B)  development. 
C)  regulation. 
D)  competence.

A person's beliefs about the "mind" and their ability to understand other people's mental states is referred to by the theory of ______________.

According to Erikson's model,if the major crises of earlier stages have been successfully resolved,the person experiences a sense of completeness and fulfilment,called:

Roberta and Paul are the proud parents of a new baby girl.This means that when they conceived their child,the 23^rd chromosome in Roberta's egg cell was a(n),and the 23^rd chromosome in Paul's sperm cell was a(n).

At birth,the newborn's brain is far from mature and has reached only about 25 percent of its eventual adult weight.By six months of age,however,the brain reaches __________ of its adult weight.

The benefit of using a cross-sectional research design is and the limitation is that .

Jean Piaget used the term __________ to refer to organized patterns of thought and action that guide children's interactions with the world.

Research studies examining the information-processing speeds of children have consistently found that processing speeds improve ____ with age,and that the most rapid rate of change occurs between the ages of .

Children can perform basic mental operations such as reversibility and conservation that concern problems with tangible objects and situations in the _________ stage.

In developmental research,a(n)___ period is an age range during which specific experiences must take place if normal development is to occur.This is in contrast to a _ period,where it is optimal but not necessarily essential for these experiences to occur.

Harry Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys indicated that they appeared to develop more of an emotional bond with a "surrogate mother" who _,a finding that has strong implications regarding the nature of ____.

In his work examining the stability of shyness in early childhood,Jerome Kagen and his colleagues have found that the behavioural inhibition temperament variable is:

Consistent with the concept of _____________,a study found that children over age three who grew up with older brothers or sisters performed _ on a cognitive task than did children with no siblings or younger siblings.

The fact that a baby will suck on a finger that is placed in her mouth best illustrates which of the following?

According to Erikson's model,older adults who have not achieved positive outcomes at earlier stages may experience regret for not being able to relive their lives in a more fulfilling way.This is called:

Cross-cultural research on the social habits of adolescents has revealed that teens in _ appear to place more emphasis on peer relationships than teens in _ do.

Robert and Christine have recently married,and Robert brings with him two children from a previous marriage.Studies suggest that Robert's kids will show the highest levels of adjustment if:

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory,the four crises that occur in infancy and childhood,in order,are:

The process by which an individual evaluates and modifies emotional reactions is called emotional:

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 12: Development Over the Lifespan

A person's beliefs about the "mind" and their ability to understand other people's mental states is referred to by the theory of ______________.

According to Erikson's model,if the major crises of earlier stages have been successfully resolved,the person experiences a sense of completeness and fulfilment,called:

Roberta and Paul are the proud parents of a new baby girl.This means that when they conceived their child,the 23rd chromosome in Roberta's egg cell was a(n)____,and the 23rd chromosome in Paul's sperm cell was a(n)____.

At birth,the newborn's brain is far from mature and has reached only about 25 percent of its eventual adult weight.By six months of age,however,the brain reaches __________ of its adult weight.

The benefit of using a cross-sectional research design is __________ and the limitation is that __________.

Jean Piaget used the term __________ to refer to organized patterns of thought and action that guide children's interactions with the world.

Research studies examining the information-processing speeds of children have consistently found that processing speeds improve ______________ with age,and that the most rapid rate of change occurs between the ages of __________.

Children can perform basic mental operations such as reversibility and conservation that concern problems with tangible objects and situations in the _________ stage.

In developmental research,a(n)_____________ period is an age range during which specific experiences must take place if normal development is to occur.This is in contrast to a ___________ period,where it is optimal but not necessarily essential for these experiences to occur.

Harry Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys indicated that they appeared to develop more of an emotional bond with a "surrogate mother" who _________,a finding that has strong implications regarding the nature of ____________.

In his work examining the stability of shyness in early childhood,Jerome Kagen and his colleagues have found that the behavioural inhibition temperament variable is:

Consistent with the concept of _____________________,a study found that children over age three who grew up with older brothers or sisters performed _________ on a cognitive task than did children with no siblings or younger siblings.

The fact that a baby will suck on a finger that is placed in her mouth best illustrates which of the following?

According to Erikson's model,older adults who have not achieved positive outcomes at earlier stages may experience regret for not being able to relive their lives in a more fulfilling way.This is called:

Cross-cultural research on the social habits of adolescents has revealed that teens in _____________ appear to place more emphasis on peer relationships than teens in _____________ do.

Robert and Christine have recently married,and Robert brings with him two children from a previous marriage.Studies suggest that Robert's kids will show the highest levels of adjustment if:

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory,the four crises that occur in infancy and childhood,in order,are:

The process by which an individual evaluates and modifies emotional reactions is called emotional:

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Roberta and Paul are the proud parents of a new baby girl.This means that when they conceived their child,the 23^rd chromosome in Roberta's egg cell was a(n),and the 23^rd chromosome in Paul's sperm cell was a(n).

The benefit of using a cross-sectional research design is and the limitation is that .

Research studies examining the information-processing speeds of children have consistently found that processing speeds improve ____ with age,and that the most rapid rate of change occurs between the ages of .

In developmental research,a(n)___ period is an age range during which specific experiences must take place if normal development is to occur.This is in contrast to a _ period,where it is optimal but not necessarily essential for these experiences to occur.

Harry Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys indicated that they appeared to develop more of an emotional bond with a "surrogate mother" who _,a finding that has strong implications regarding the nature of ____.

Consistent with the concept of _____________,a study found that children over age three who grew up with older brothers or sisters performed _ on a cognitive task than did children with no siblings or younger siblings.

Cross-cultural research on the social habits of adolescents has revealed that teens in _ appear to place more emphasis on peer relationships than teens in _ do.