Exam 12: Development Over the Lifespan

An optimal age range for certain experiences is a ______________ period but if those experiences occur at another time,normal development will still be possible.

Laurel Trainor and colleagues at McMaster University studied music preferences in infants and found at 2 months of age:

The type of research design that combines the cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches is called a meta-analysis.

The germinal stage is to embryo as:

Studies indicate that most people who retire ________ more likely to become anxious,depressed,or lonely.The risks that are associated with retirement become more likely when the retirement is _________.

The sense of "femaleness" or "maleness" that becomes a central aspect of one's personal identity is called:

The concept of a zone of proximal development is most closely associated with which of the following theorists?

The parenting style that most likely produces the most negative developmental outcomes such as insecurely attached children with low achievement motivation,disturbed peer relationships,and the tendency to be impulsive and aggressive is called:

Around six months of age,infants begin to express:

A biologically based predisposition to react to the environment in specific behavioural and emotional ways is the way the text defines _________________.

Children in the _________ stage,the last of Piaget's stages,are able to think logically and systematically about both concrete and abstract problems,form hypotheses,and test them in thoughtful ways.

Within a few days of birth,most infants are able to reproduce the facial expressions of an adult.This behaviour is likely the product of a simple,biologically based form of:

Peers tend to have greater influence over __________ whereas parents tend to have greater influence over ___________.

When researchers use a ____________ design,they typically find that both fluid and crystallized intelligence decline relatively early in life,but when they use a(n)___________ design,they often find that both of these abilities remain stable until much later in life.

A young girl driving past a farm sees a cow and says,"Doggie!" Her older brother,who used to do the same thing when he was her age,informs her that this isn't a dog but is actually a cow.In fitting the cow into a pre-existing schema,the sister shows that she is using the process of ____________.Because her brother was able to modify his schemas and create a new one for cows,he is demonstrating the use of _______________.

An age range during which certain experiences must occur for development to proceed normally or along a certain path is a ____________ period.

The broad concept in developmental research that examines whether characteristics remain constant as individuals age is called:

A psychologist taking an information-processing approach to developmental psychology would likely show the LEAST interest in which of the following?

In many cultures,the highest moral values focus on principles that do not fit easily into Kohlberg's model.Therefore,when people from other cultures provide answers to Kohlberg's dilemmas that invoke such concepts,their level of reasoning:

How adequately a person's needs are met and how much love they receive determine the amount of faith that he or she has in the world according to Erik Erikson's __________________ stage of psychosocial development.