Exam 12: Development Over the Lifespan

Which of the following is a factor associated with the greater retention of cognitive abilities in older adults?

Using the Strange Situation procedure,infant attachment can be examined.During one such test,18-month-old Jen displayed fear with her mother in the room,demanded her attention,and acted distressed when her mother left.After her mother's return,Jen could not be soothed by her mother and tried to get away from her mother.Jen's behaviour displays a(n)_________ attachment.

The strong emotional bond that develops between human children and their primary caregivers is called __________.Its creation appears to be governed by a ___________ period,because it is most easily established during the first one to two years of a child's life.

In a sequential research design,________________ is/are tested ____________.

The area of psychology that examines biological,physical,psychological,and behavioural changes that occur with increasing age is called _____________ psychology.

The preferential looking procedure is most strongly associated with which of the following?

Research has determined that children in various cultures progress through Jean Piaget's stages in ___________ and that children learn many cognitive skills at a(n)_______ age than Piaget originally assumed.

Within weeks,newborns display the capability to learn through _________.For example,Meltzoff and Moore (1977)found that some newborns could reproduce simple facial expressions made by their mothers or another adult model.

An infant who interprets her world primarily through her physical interactions with objects is most likely in Jean Piaget's ____________ stage.

Although he previously showed no problems with strangers,little Joey has become more apprehensive around them when he's upset,and he frequently is inconsolable until his mother or father picks him up.John Bowlby would most likely classify Joey as being in the __________ attachment behaviour phase.

Research by Robert Fantz (1961)found that infants preferred:

Around the age of 18 months,infants can recognize themselves in a mirror.Developmental psychologists take this as evidence that these children have developed:

Which of the following is a method used by developmental psychologists to study the sensory capabilities and perceptual preferences of infants?

Using the visual habituation procedure,where the same stimulus is presented repeatedly until infant looking time declines,researchers found that when a novel stimulus was presented,infants usually:

Children in day care are at a higher risk for an insecure attachment to their parents when which of the following negative factors combined?

Diana Baumrind (1967)identified two key dimensions of parental behaviour.The first was __________ and the second was __________.

Maurer and Lewis (2001)summarized the results of their long-term longitudinal study of infants born with congenital cataracts (opaque lens preventing pattern vision)in one or both eyes who therefore suffered some visual deprivation and were then treated.The most devastating impact on later visual processing appears to occur following even short periods of visual deprivation in the first year of life,but the sensitive/critical period for visual deprivation effects extends until about ____________,after that cataracts produce no permanent deficits when vision is restored.

The adaptive significance of ______________ may be that it prevents infants from straying too far from their caregivers when they start to crawl and eventually walk.

The process by which new experiences are incorporated into existing schemas is called __________,and the process by which new experiences cause existing schemas to change is called __________.

Susan is a young child and she happens to know that fish swim.One day at the zoo,Susan sees a penguin swimming in a pool.Susan turns to her mother and says,"Look,the black-and-white fish is swimming!" The fact that Susan calls the penguin a fish best illustrates: