Question 1

What types of cells receive direct signals from neurons? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Accepted Answer

A)  liver cell 
B)  red blood cell 
C)  endocrine cell 
D)  muscle cell 
E)  skin cell 
A)  liver cell 
B)  red blood cell 
C)  endocrine cell 
D)  muscle cell 
E)  skin cell

Question 2

What chemical interactions determine how a protein folds? Select the THREE answers that are correct.

Accepted Answer

A)  interactions among side chains of nucleotides 
B)  interactions among core structures of amino acids 
C)  interactions between amino acids and nucleotides 
D)  interactions among side chains of amino acids 
E)  interactions between amino acid side chains and water 
A)  interactions among side chains of nucleotides 
B)  interactions among core structures of amino acids 
C)  interactions between amino acids and nucleotides 
D)  interactions among side chains of amino acids 
E)  interactions between amino acid side chains and water

Question 3

What types of seed plants dominate the plant kingdom? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Accepted Answer

A)  bryophytes 
B)  gymnosperms 
C)  angiosperms 
D)  molds 
E)  ferns 
A)  bryophytes 
B)  gymnosperms 
C)  angiosperms 
D)  molds 
E)  ferns

Question 4

Using the same independent and dependent variables as in the first experiment,researchers could extend the studies to test which of the following hypotheses? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Accepted Answer

A)  Caffeine improves memory function in elderly people when consumed at least two hours before testing. 
B)  Caffeine does not improve memory function in women aged 20 to 40. 
C)  The risk of developing cancer in advanced age increases with caffeine consumption. 
D)  Antioxidant-rich foods improve memory function in men and women over the age of 65. 
E)  Young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 are less likely to drink coffee than elderly adults. 
A)  Caffeine improves memory function in elderly people when consumed at least two hours before testing. 
B)  Caffeine does not improve memory function in women aged 20 to 40. 
C)  The risk of developing cancer in advanced age increases with caffeine consumption. 
D)  Antioxidant-rich foods improve memory function in men and women over the age of 65. 
E)  Young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 are less likely to drink coffee than elderly adults.

Question 5

Select the activities that are likely to lead to exposure to a mutagen.Select the THREE answers that are correct.

Accepted Answer

A)  consuming alcohol 
B)  eating overripe produce 
C)  applying inorganic pesticides 
D)  smoking tobacco 
E)  drinking filtered water 
A)  consuming alcohol 
B)  eating overripe produce 
C)  applying inorganic pesticides 
D)  smoking tobacco 
E)  drinking filtered water

Question 6

An individual's genotype predicts an adult height of 6.5 feet,but that individual grows to only 5.5 feet in adulthood.What accounts for the difference in height?

Accepted Answer

A)  recessive inheritance 
B)  environmental factors 
C)  incomplete dominance 
D)  gene silencing 
E)  barr body formation 
A)  recessive inheritance 
B)  environmental factors 
C)  incomplete dominance 
D)  gene silencing 
E)  barr body formation

Question 7

What is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Accepted Answer

A)  PCR selects variations of genes within DNA,called alleles,to increase the fitness of organisms by artificial selection. 
B)  PCR produces many copies of a DNA sequence from a small sample using temperature cycling,primers,free nucleotides,and polymerase enzymes. 
C)  PCR modifies DNA within organisms,often species of agricultural importance,to increase the occurrence of desirable traits. 
D)  PCR determines the base pairs in a DNA sequence using temperature cycling,primers,fluorescent dye labels,and polymerase enzymes. 
E)  PCR amplifies DNA within an organism to increase the expression of that DNA for the purpose of studying its effects. 
A)  PCR selects variations of genes within DNA,called alleles,to increase the fitness of organisms by artificial selection. 
B)  PCR produces many copies of a DNA sequence from a small sample using temperature cycling,primers,free nucleotides,and polymerase enzymes. 
C)  PCR modifies DNA within organisms,often species of agricultural importance,to increase the occurrence of desirable traits. 
D)  PCR determines the base pairs in a DNA sequence using temperature cycling,primers,fluorescent dye labels,and polymerase enzymes. 
E)  PCR amplifies DNA within an organism to increase the expression of that DNA for the purpose of studying its effects.

Question 8

Why does anaerobic respiration yield less energy than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electron transport generates much less ATP under anaerobic conditions. 
B)  Glycolysis generates only one pyruvate per glucose instead of two. 
C)  Oxygen cannot donate protons under anaerobic conditions. 
D)  The citric acid cycle and electron transport are not used in anaerobic respiration. 
E)  Fermentation uses oxygen less efficiently than electron transport. 
A)  Electron transport generates much less ATP under anaerobic conditions. 
B)  Glycolysis generates only one pyruvate per glucose instead of two. 
C)  Oxygen cannot donate protons under anaerobic conditions. 
D)  The citric acid cycle and electron transport are not used in anaerobic respiration. 
E)  Fermentation uses oxygen less efficiently than electron transport.

Question 9

Which of the following does NOT contain structures homologous to the human arm?

Accepted Answer

A)  dragonfly wing 
B)  turtle flipper 
C)  bird wing 
D)  bat wing 
E)  Tiktaalik fin 
A)  dragonfly wing 
B)  turtle flipper 
C)  bird wing 
D)  bat wing 
E)  Tiktaalik fin

Question 10

How does interphase relate to mitosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interphase is unnecessary for mitosis. 
B)  Interphase is one phase of mitosis. 
C)  Interphase alternates with mitosis. 
D)  Interphase reverses the results of mitosis. 
E)  Interphase happens concurrently with mitosis. 
A)  Interphase is unnecessary for mitosis. 
B)  Interphase is one phase of mitosis. 
C)  Interphase alternates with mitosis. 
D)  Interphase reverses the results of mitosis. 
E)  Interphase happens concurrently with mitosis.

Question 11

What is the purpose of cell cycle checkpoints?

Accepted Answer

A)  to ensure that cell cycle phases proceed only when the cell is ready 
B)  to prevent the cell from pausing the cell cycle when problems are detected 
C)  to coordinate movement through the cell cycle among multiple cells 
D)  to coordinate cell specialization for its role in particular tissues 
E)  to ensure that cells containing errors in their DNA do not undergo apoptosis 
A)  to ensure that cell cycle phases proceed only when the cell is ready 
B)  to prevent the cell from pausing the cell cycle when problems are detected 
C)  to coordinate movement through the cell cycle among multiple cells 
D)  to coordinate cell specialization for its role in particular tissues 
E)  to ensure that cells containing errors in their DNA do not undergo apoptosis

Question 12

What molecule provides long-term energy storage in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycerol 
B)  glycogen 
C)  fatty acid 
D)  phospholipid 
E)  triglyceride 
A)  glycerol 
B)  glycogen 
C)  fatty acid 
D)  phospholipid 
E)  triglyceride

Question 13

Why do wildlife populations tend to decline as the human population grows?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human populations compete for the same space,water,and other resources that are required for wildlife survival. 
B)  Contact with humans protects domesticated animal populations from disease but decreases nearby wildlife populations. 
C)  Wildlife populations tend to decrease because a greater number of humans are participating in the sports of hunting and fishing. 
D)  As more humans participate in conservation efforts,wildlife populations decrease before positive effects take place. 
E)  Nutrition demands of a growing human population call for increased consumption of wildlife populations. 
A)  Human populations compete for the same space,water,and other resources that are required for wildlife survival. 
B)  Contact with humans protects domesticated animal populations from disease but decreases nearby wildlife populations. 
C)  Wildlife populations tend to decrease because a greater number of humans are participating in the sports of hunting and fishing. 
D)  As more humans participate in conservation efforts,wildlife populations decrease before positive effects take place. 
E)  Nutrition demands of a growing human population call for increased consumption of wildlife populations.

Question 14

Which part of an atom forms covalent bonds with other atoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  protons in the outermost energy shell 
B)  electrons in the innermost energy shell 
C)  neutrons in the outermost energy shell 
D)  protons in the innermost energy shell 
E)  electrons in the outermost energy shell 
A)  protons in the outermost energy shell 
B)  electrons in the innermost energy shell 
C)  neutrons in the outermost energy shell 
D)  protons in the innermost energy shell 
E)  electrons in the outermost energy shell

Question 15

Isabella is studying two populations of butterflies that live on opposite sides of a large lake.According to the biological species concept,which of the following would indicate that these two populations represent two separate species? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Accepted Answer

A)  For sperm transfer in mating,the clasping organs of the males in one population are not suitable for holding onto the abdomen of the females in the other population. 
B)  The caterpillars of the two groups eat different plants,with one feeding on the leaves of apple trees and the other feeding on the leaves of cherry trees. 
C)  The population of butterflies north of the lake is much larger than the population of butterflies south of the lake. 
D)  The population of butterflies north of the lake breed in early spring,whereas the population south of the lake breeds in late summer. 
E)  The frequency of certain traits varies in each population,with 25% of the butterfly population north of the lake having a wingspan greater than 6 cm and only 5% of the south population having such a wingspan. 
A)  For sperm transfer in mating,the clasping organs of the males in one population are not suitable for holding onto the abdomen of the females in the other population. 
B)  The caterpillars of the two groups eat different plants,with one feeding on the leaves of apple trees and the other feeding on the leaves of cherry trees. 
C)  The population of butterflies north of the lake is much larger than the population of butterflies south of the lake. 
D)  The population of butterflies north of the lake breed in early spring,whereas the population south of the lake breeds in late summer. 
E)  The frequency of certain traits varies in each population,with 25% of the butterfly population north of the lake having a wingspan greater than 6 cm and only 5% of the south population having such a wingspan.

Question 16

How do properties of amino acids affect the function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amino acids vary in their chemical side chains,and interactions among side chains affect the protein folding that determines protein shape and function. 
B)  Amino acid side chains link individual amino acids to form linear protein molecules,allowing amine and carboxyl groups to determine protein shape and function. 
C)  Amino acids vary in how much adenine,cytosine,thymine,and guanine are present,and these differences affect the protein folding that determines protein function. 
D)  Amino acid side chains have active and inactive forms,and the pattern of active and inactive side chains determines how the protein folds and functions. 
E)  Amino acids vary in the structure of their amine and carboxyl groups,and interactions among these functional groups affect protein folding and function. 
A)  Amino acids vary in their chemical side chains,and interactions among side chains affect the protein folding that determines protein shape and function. 
B)  Amino acid side chains link individual amino acids to form linear protein molecules,allowing amine and carboxyl groups to determine protein shape and function. 
C)  Amino acids vary in how much adenine,cytosine,thymine,and guanine are present,and these differences affect the protein folding that determines protein function. 
D)  Amino acid side chains have active and inactive forms,and the pattern of active and inactive side chains determines how the protein folds and functions. 
E)  Amino acids vary in the structure of their amine and carboxyl groups,and interactions among these functional groups affect protein folding and function.

Question 17

In the Galapagos Islands,which of the following would have prevented the evolution of the many different species of finches?

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability of different food sources on each island 
B)  the appearance of a disease that kills off many finches 
C)  introduction of predators preferentially consuming ground finches 
D)  frequent migration of finches between the islands 
E)  dramatic reduction in population due to drought 
A)  the availability of different food sources on each island 
B)  the appearance of a disease that kills off many finches 
C)  introduction of predators preferentially consuming ground finches 
D)  frequent migration of finches between the islands 
E)  dramatic reduction in population due to drought

Question 18

Select the statements that describe a clumped distribution pattern.Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardinal nests,evenly built throughout the woods,hold newly-laid eggs. 
B)  Lone black bears move over the land,foraging for food and fishing in the river. 
C)  A school of yellowtail snappers move through the gulf water above the reefs. 
D)  Yellow dandelions speckle the unkempt lawn of the city park. 
E)  A lion pride of two males,six females,and their young rests near a lake. 
A)  Cardinal nests,evenly built throughout the woods,hold newly-laid eggs. 
B)  Lone black bears move over the land,foraging for food and fishing in the river. 
C)  A school of yellowtail snappers move through the gulf water above the reefs. 
D)  Yellow dandelions speckle the unkempt lawn of the city park. 
E)  A lion pride of two males,six females,and their young rests near a lake.

Question 19

How does CRISPR allow for precise modification of genetic material?

Accepted Answer

A)  The enzyme used to cut the DNA matches up with a specific gene sequence where the cut is to be made. 
B)  One enzyme cuts out specific genes and another enzyme inserts these genes in different places in the DNA. 
C)  A proofreading enzyme replaces incorrect nucleotide sequences in defective genes with the correct sequences. 
D)  An enzyme cuts the DNA at random locations and inserts a specific genetic sequence at each break in the DNA. 
E)  An enzyme copies the nucleotide sequence of a specific gene and inserts the copy into the DNA strand. 
A)  The enzyme used to cut the DNA matches up with a specific gene sequence where the cut is to be made. 
B)  One enzyme cuts out specific genes and another enzyme inserts these genes in different places in the DNA. 
C)  A proofreading enzyme replaces incorrect nucleotide sequences in defective genes with the correct sequences. 
D)  An enzyme cuts the DNA at random locations and inserts a specific genetic sequence at each break in the DNA. 
E)  An enzyme copies the nucleotide sequence of a specific gene and inserts the copy into the DNA strand.

Question 20

What mechanical defenses do plants have that deter animals? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Accepted Answer

A)  compounds that irritate an animal's digestive tract 
B)  tough,waxy leaves that are hard to chew 
C)  poisonous substances that cause illness 
D)  thorns or spines that cause injury 
E)  oils that make an animal itch 
A)  compounds that irritate an animal's digestive tract 
B)  tough,waxy leaves that are hard to chew 
C)  poisonous substances that cause illness 
D)  thorns or spines that cause injury 
E)  oils that make an animal itch

Exam 33: A Range of Biology

What types of cells receive direct signals from neurons? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

What chemical interactions determine how a protein folds? Select the THREE answers that are correct.

What types of seed plants dominate the plant kingdom? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Using the same independent and dependent variables as in the first experiment,researchers could extend the studies to test which of the following hypotheses? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Select the activities that are likely to lead to exposure to a mutagen.Select the THREE answers that are correct.

An individual's genotype predicts an adult height of 6.5 feet,but that individual grows to only 5.5 feet in adulthood.What accounts for the difference in height?

What is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Why does anaerobic respiration yield less energy than aerobic respiration?

Which of the following does NOT contain structures homologous to the human arm?

How does interphase relate to mitosis?

What is the purpose of cell cycle checkpoints?

What molecule provides long-term energy storage in the body?

Why do wildlife populations tend to decline as the human population grows?

Which part of an atom forms covalent bonds with other atoms?

Isabella is studying two populations of butterflies that live on opposite sides of a large lake.According to the biological species concept,which of the following would indicate that these two populations represent two separate species? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

How do properties of amino acids affect the function of proteins?

In the Galapagos Islands,which of the following would have prevented the evolution of the many different species of finches?

Select the statements that describe a clumped distribution pattern.Select the TWO answers that are correct.

How does CRISPR allow for precise modification of genetic material?

What mechanical defenses do plants have that deter animals? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Process of Science

Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Function

Nutrition, Enzymes, Metabolism

Energy and Photosynthesis

Dietary Energy and Cellular Respiration

Genes to Proteins

DNA Structure and Replication

Cell Cycle and Cell Differentiation

Mutations and Cancer

Simple Inheritance and Meiosis

Complex Inheritance

Natural Selection and Adaptation

Nonadaptive Evolution and Speciation

Evidence for Evolution

Life on Earth

Prokaryotic Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Human Evolution

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystem Ecology

Sustainability

Plant Growth and Reproduction

Plant Physiology

Overview of Physiology

Digestive System

Cardiovascular System

Respiratory System

Central Nervous System

Reproductive System

Immune System

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