Exam 4: C: Numerical Descriptive Techniques

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____________________ techniques give you the big picture of a distribution and ____________________ techniques give you more precise details.

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Graphical;numerical

What statistics and graphs can you use to answer the following question: Are the observations close to one another,or are they widely dispersed?

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The standard deviation can tell you whether the observations are close to or spread out from the middle.The interquartile range tells how far apart them middle 50% of the data are,and works especially well for skewed data.A histogram and a box plot can show you how close together/spread out the data appear visually.

What statistics and graphs can you use to answer the following question: Is the distribution symmetric? If not,is it skewed? If symmetric,is it bell shaped?

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A histogram can show you whether a distribution is symmetric,positively skewed,negatively skewed,or has a different shape.If the data is symmetric,a histogram can tell you whether the data is bell shaped,bimodal,or uniform,etc.A box plot can also show you whether a distribution is symmetric,negatively skewed or positively skewed.However,it can't tell you what the exact shape is,if the data are found to be symmetric.For example,a box plot cannot tell you whether a symmetric data set is unimodal or bimodal.This is a drawback of a box plot.

What statistics and graphs can you use to answer the following question: Where is the approximate center of the distribution?

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The precision provided by the numerical techniques (mean,median,and standard deviation)provides more useful information than graphical techniques (histograms and box plots)alone.

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A scatter diagram reveals a strong positive linear relationship between oil and gasoline prices.Which of the following numerical techniques will not give us more detailed information about this relationship?

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Which of the following is correct about the shape of a distribution?

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What statistics and graphs can you use to look for a relationship between two interval variables?

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The shape of a distribution helps answer which question about the data?

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Which of the following characteristics does a histogram help you identify?

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Scatter diagrams,covariance,and the coefficient of correlation are useful techniques for detecting relationships between two ____________________ variables.

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Graphical and numerical techniques,such as histograms and least squares lines provide identical information.

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We can frequently make several inferences about the nature of the data from the ____________________ of its histogram.

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Statisticians typically apply graphical techniques as a first step in a data analysis because we first need to know the shape of the distribution.

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Statisticians usually apply graphical techniques as a first step in analyzing data because we first need to know the ____________________ of the distribution.

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What statistics and graphs can you use to answer the following questions: Is the distribution unimodal,bimodal,or multimodal? If there is more than one mode,where are the peaks,and where are the valleys?

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Box plots and medians work well to describe ____________________ data,while histograms and means work well to describe ____________________ data.

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The coefficient of correlation and the least squares line both describe the relationship between two interval variables.

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