Question 1

A(n) ________ is any consequence, immediately following a response, that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated.

Accepted Answer

A)  conclusion 
B)  objective 
C)  referent 
D)  goal 
E)  reinforcer 
A)  conclusion 
B)  objective 
C)  referent 
D)  goal 
E)  reinforcer E

Question 2

What is self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy (also known as social cognitive theory or social learning theory) refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task. The higher your self-efficacy, the more confidence you have in your ability to succeed. So, in difficult situations, people with low self-efficacy are more likely to lessen their effort or give up altogether, while those with high self-efficacy will try harder to master the challenge. Self-efficacy can create a positive spiral in which those with high efficacy become more engaged in their tasks and then, in turn, increase performance, which increases efficacy further. Changes in self-efficacy over time are related to changes in creative performance as well. Individuals high in self-efficacy also seem to respond to negative feedback with increased effort and motivation, while those low in self-efficacy are likely to lessen their effort after negative feedback.

Question 3

Karen graduated from college four years ago and has been working at Betaphy Inc. ever since. She has consistently received good performance evaluations for the quality of her work. She recently found out that her company hired a fresh college graduate with no experience at a salary higher than hers. Which of the following theories will Karen most likely use to evaluate this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement 
B)  goal setting 
C)  equity 
D)  operant conditioning 
E)  expectancy 
A)  reinforcement 
B)  goal setting 
C)  equity 
D)  operant conditioning 
E)  expectancy C

Question 4

One of the sources of self-efficacy is ________, becoming more confident because you see someone else doing the task.

Accepted Answer

A)  enactive mastery 
B)  arousal 
C)  vicarious modeling 
D)  visualization 
E)  verbal persuasion 
A)  enactive mastery 
B)  arousal 
C)  vicarious modeling 
D)  visualization 
E)  verbal persuasion

Question 5

The ________ element of motivation describes how hard a person tries.

Accepted Answer

A)  direction 
B)  intensity 
C)  persistence 
D)  experience 
E)  intelligence 
A)  direction 
B)  intensity 
C)  persistence 
D)  experience 
E)  intelligence

Question 6

Goal-setting theory strongly advocates participation in decision making, whereas MBO demonstrates that managers' assigned goals are usually just as effective.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one's hunger, thirst, and other bodily needs?

Accepted Answer

A)  safety 
B)  esteem 
C)  psychological 
D)  physiological 
E)  social 
A)  safety 
B)  esteem 
C)  psychological 
D)  physiological 
E)  social

Question 8

According to the expectancy theory, the performance-reward relationship is the degree to which ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to desired outcomes 
B)  organizational rewards satisfy an individual's personal goals or needs 
C)  organizational rewards are perceived as attractive by the individual 
D)  organization rewards correspond with the individual's level of effort 
E)  the individual believes that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance 
A)  the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to desired outcomes 
B)  organizational rewards satisfy an individual's personal goals or needs 
C)  organizational rewards are perceived as attractive by the individual 
D)  organization rewards correspond with the individual's level of effort 
E)  the individual believes that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance

Question 9

You manage a department of five employees. You have identified that Joe has a high need for achievement, Mary has a high need for power, and Tim has a high need for affiliation. Sarah scored high on the need for power and low on the need for affiliation. Doug scored low on both need for power and need for affiliation.
-Which of these five employees is most likely to be suitable for a new assignment that involves a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mary 
B)  Doug 
C)  Sarah 
D)  Joe 
E)  Tim 
A)  Mary 
B)  Doug 
C)  Sarah 
D)  Joe 
E)  Tim

Question 10

With reference to the expectancy theory, which of the following examples indicates a weak rewards-personal goals relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  An employee lacks the skills required to reach the desired performance level. 
B)  An organization's appraisal system assesses nonperformance factors such as creativity and initiative. 
C)  An organization rewards its employees based on factors such as seniority and skill level. 
D)  An employee works hard in order to be relocated to the Paris office but instead is transferred to Beijing. 
E)  An employee believes that his manager does not like him and hence expects a poor appraisal. 
A)  An employee lacks the skills required to reach the desired performance level. 
B)  An organization's appraisal system assesses nonperformance factors such as creativity and initiative. 
C)  An organization rewards its employees based on factors such as seniority and skill level. 
D)  An employee works hard in order to be relocated to the Paris office but instead is transferred to Beijing. 
E)  An employee believes that his manager does not like him and hence expects a poor appraisal.

Question 11

Unlike in the case of goal-setting theory, MBO strongly advocates ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  participatively set goals 
B)  specific performance objectives 
C)  explicit time periods 
D)  independent tasks 
E)  self-generated feedback 
A)  participatively set goals 
B)  specific performance objectives 
C)  explicit time periods 
D)  independent tasks 
E)  self-generated feedback

Question 12

If Alberta is a categorized as a Theory X manager, which of the following behaviors is she most likely to exhibit?

Accepted Answer

A)  She will trust her employees to use their discretion in most matters. 
B)  She will delegate authority extensively to junior managers. 
C)  She will strictly control all the details of any project she is managing. 
D)  She will empower her subordinates. 
E)  She will let her employees choose their own goals. 
A)  She will trust her employees to use their discretion in most matters. 
B)  She will delegate authority extensively to junior managers. 
C)  She will strictly control all the details of any project she is managing. 
D)  She will empower her subordinates. 
E)  She will let her employees choose their own goals.

Question 13

Explain how a manager motivates employees with reference to Herzberg's two-factor theory.

Accepted Answer

According to Herzberg, the factors that

Question 14

According to goal-setting theory, a specific goal will produce a higher level of output than a generalized goal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Explain, in terms of McClelland's theory of needs, the relationship between the need for achievement and job performance.

Accepted Answer

First, when jobs have a high degree of p

Question 16

The ________ theory is also known as the social cognitive theory or the social learning theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  two-factor 
B)  goal-setting 
C)  self-determination 
D)  self-efficacy 
E)  reinforcement 
A)  two-factor 
B)  goal-setting 
C)  self-determination 
D)  self-efficacy 
E)  reinforcement

Question 17

________ refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-efficacy 
B)  Reinforcement 
C)  Emotional contagion 
D)  Affect intensity 
E)  Self-determination 
A)  Self-efficacy 
B)  Reinforcement 
C)  Emotional contagion 
D)  Affect intensity 
E)  Self-determination

Question 18

According to McClelland's theory of needs, when jobs have a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback and an intermediate degree of risk, high achievers are strongly motivated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the ________, a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pygmalion effect 
B)  Electra complex 
C)  framing effect 
D)  anchoring bias 
E)  confirmation bias 
A)  Pygmalion effect 
B)  Electra complex 
C)  framing effect 
D)  anchoring bias 
E)  confirmation bias

A(n) ________ is any consequence, immediately following a response, that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated.

What is self-efficacy?

One of the sources of self-efficacy is ________, becoming more confident because you see someone else doing the task.

The ________ element of motivation describes how hard a person tries.

Goal-setting theory strongly advocates participation in decision making, whereas MBO demonstrates that managers' assigned goals are usually just as effective.

Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one's hunger, thirst, and other bodily needs?

According to the expectancy theory, the performance-reward relationship is the degree to which ________.

With reference to the expectancy theory, which of the following examples indicates a weak rewards-personal goals relationship?

Unlike in the case of goal-setting theory, MBO strongly advocates ________.

If Alberta is a categorized as a Theory X manager, which of the following behaviors is she most likely to exhibit?

Explain how a manager motivates employees with reference to Herzberg's two-factor theory.

According to goal-setting theory, a specific goal will produce a higher level of output than a generalized goal.

Explain, in terms of McClelland's theory of needs, the relationship between the need for achievement and job performance.

The ________ theory is also known as the social cognitive theory or the social learning theory.

________ refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

According to McClelland's theory of needs, when jobs have a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback and an intermediate degree of risk, high achievers are strongly motivated.

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the ________, a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

What Is Organizational Behavior

Diversity in Organizations

Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Emotions and Moods

Personality and Values

Perception and Individual Decision Making

Motivation: From Concepts to Applications

Foundations of Group Behavior

Understanding Work Teams

Communication

Leadership

Power and Politics

Conflict and Negotiation

Foundations of Organization Structure

Organizational Culture

Human Resource Policies and Practices

Organizational Change and Stress Management

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Exam 7: Motivation Concepts

A(n) ________ is any consequence, immediately following a response, that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated.

What is self-efficacy?

One of the sources of self-efficacy is ________, becoming more confident because you see someone else doing the task.

The ________ element of motivation describes how hard a person tries.

Goal-setting theory strongly advocates participation in decision making, whereas MBO demonstrates that managers' assigned goals are usually just as effective.

Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one's hunger, thirst, and other bodily needs?

According to the expectancy theory, the performance-reward relationship is the degree to which ________.

With reference to the expectancy theory, which of the following examples indicates a weak rewards-personal goals relationship?

Unlike in the case of goal-setting theory, MBO strongly advocates ________.

If Alberta is a categorized as a Theory X manager, which of the following behaviors is she most likely to exhibit?

Explain how a manager motivates employees with reference to Herzberg's two-factor theory.

According to goal-setting theory, a specific goal will produce a higher level of output than a generalized goal.

Explain, in terms of McClelland's theory of needs, the relationship between the need for achievement and job performance.

The ________ theory is also known as the social cognitive theory or the social learning theory.

________ refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

According to McClelland's theory of needs, when jobs have a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback and an intermediate degree of risk, high achievers are strongly motivated.

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the ________, a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

What Is Organizational Behavior

Diversity in Organizations

Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Emotions and Moods

Personality and Values

Perception and Individual Decision Making

Motivation: From Concepts to Applications

Foundations of Group Behavior

Understanding Work Teams

Communication

Leadership

Power and Politics

Conflict and Negotiation

Foundations of Organization Structure

Organizational Culture

Human Resource Policies and Practices

Organizational Change and Stress Management

Filters