Exam 9: More About Using Statistics

The hypothesis that an effect or relationship does not exist (or exists in the opposite direction of the alternative hypothesis) in the population is the ______.

Briefly describe how to choose an appropriate statistical test?

Counterbalancing is used to control ______.

The number of scores that can vary in the calculation of a statistic is called ______.

A researcher who wants to test the relationship between nominal or ordinal variables should use a(n) ______.

In experiments and quasi-experiments, hypotheses about effects are often tested by comparing groups (e.g., men and women) or conditions.

Statistical tests for effects are based on a ratio of the size of the difference in the sample means and sampling error to allow us to determine what part of the mean difference is due to the effect and which part is due to sampling error.

Sample mean differences can be caused by ______.

A Bonferroni and Tukey tests are SPSS options for ______ test of mean differences.

Mauchly's test is an assumption that pairs of scores in the population have similar variability.

The ______ is the assumption of between-subjects t tests and ANOVAs that the variance in the scores in the population is equal across groups.

An experiment was conducted to compare participant responses to two different social situations. All participants viewed a scene with two children playing cooperatively and a scene with two children arguing while playing. Participants responded to a questionnaire measuring anxiety after viewing each scene to determine if the type of scene viewed had an effect on anxiety scores. The appropriate statistical test to analyze the data in this study is ______.

If a study involves comparing means from a factorial design, the appropriate statistical test is ______.

If a study involves comparing two means from a within-subjects design, the appropriate statistical test is ______.

The hypothesis that an effect or relationship exists (or exists in a specific direction) in the population is the ______.

Samples with low variability often contain extreme scores that could affect the sample mean, giving a sample mean that is not very similar to the population mean.

SPSS will calculate inferential statistics, making it unnecessary that a researcher understands how the statistical tests work.

A Type I error is made in a significance test when the researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is actually true.

A researcher conducted a correlational study to examine the relationship between high school GPA and extroversion. A group of high school students completed a measure of extroversion. The GPAs for these students were then obtained from their records. The appropriate statistical test to analyze the data in this study is ______.

When each participant experiences only one level of the independent variable, this is ______.