Exam 5: Variables and Measurement in Research

Explain the difference between construct validity and face validity. Please provide examples.

The difference between nominal and ordinal measurement scales is ______.

Suppose a psychologist developed a test to measure intelligence, but this test was poorly developed and really only measured how well people perform on standardized tests (in other words, it doesn't actually measure intelligence). This test would lack ______.

When the effectiveness of a drug is tested, the treatment group typically receives a placebo to equate beliefs of effectiveness of treatment across groups.

Discuss what scales of measurement mean and how the scale of measurement affects research design.

Suppose that on average, you tend to score about 83% on exams in your courses. Scoring a 95% on the first exam in a course and 84% on the second exam in that course is an example of ______.

Ways to minimize the Hawthorne effect does not include ______.

A quasi-independent variable is the same as ______.

In the ______ design each participant experiences all levels of the variable.

The difference between an independent variable and a quasi-independent variable is that the quasi-independent variable lacks ______.

In the ______ design each participant experiences only one level of the independent variable.

Some examples of common quasi-independent variables used in psychological research include gender, age, personality types (e.g., introverts and extroverts), and ethnicity.

A procedure used to hide the group assignment from the participants in a study to prevent their beliefs about the effectiveness of a treatment from affecting the results is ______.

High inter-rater reliability means that there is a high rate of agreement in the way the different observers are recording behaviors.

Any characteristic that can be measured or observed from the participants can be used to create a ______ variable in a study.

Measuring intelligence using the score on an IQ test is an example of ______.

"Regression toward the mean" means that extreme scores are not likely to recur.

Getting better on a task in a study with practice can cause a source of bias called ______.

What is the independent variable in this study? What are the levels of the independent variable?

If participants behave in a research study the way they would in their everyday lives, then the study has good external validity.