Exam 5: Variables and Measurement in Research

Testing effects are particularly problematic for ______ designs.

Experimenter bias occurs when in a study a researcher inadvertently treats groups the same due to knowledge of the hypothesis for the study.

The ratio scale is defined as an unordered category.

A solution to experimenter bias is to use a(n) ______ design.

A survey response scale that involves pictorial response categories for participants with low verbal skills is a ______.

Placebo effects can be an issue when multiple testing sessions occur in a study.

The best way to minimize regression toward the mean bias effects is to use ______ of the test for within-subjects variables.

What is the dependent variable?

A common interval scale is the Likert scale, where respondents are asked how much they agree or disagree with a statement on a 1 to 5 or a 1 to 7 scale.

An independent variable that includes three different types of treatments is called a(n) ______ variable.

Amount variables involve a manipulation of the amount of a factor in each level.

How consistent the measurements are is called ______.

______ validity means that on the surface, a study or scale appears to be intuitively valid.

Describe two possible sources of bias in this study and explain how each source of bias could have caused the results reported.

A mono-blind design is used to combat effects of subjects' knowledge of their group assignment.

Demand characteristics can affect the validity of a study.

Time measured in minutes is an example of a(n) ______ scale.

The best way to design a good causal experiment (or even a good quasi-experiment) is to use ______.

A sugar pill given to the control group in a drug study to allow all groups to believe that they are receiving a treatment is using ______.

The simplest scale of measurement is a ______.