Question 1

Which of the following is true of Lev Vygotsky's educational applications?

Accepted Answer

A)  IQ should be assessed to test a child's learning capabilities. 
B)  A child should learn on his or her own to realize his or her capabilities. 
C)  A child's use of private speech reflects immaturity and egocentrism. 
D)  Teaching should begin toward the upper limit of a child's zone of proximal development. 
A)  IQ should be assessed to test a child's learning capabilities. 
B)  A child should learn on his or her own to realize his or her capabilities. 
C)  A child's use of private speech reflects immaturity and egocentrism. 
D)  Teaching should begin toward the upper limit of a child's zone of proximal development.

Question 2

In the context of cognitive development in early childhood, Vygotsky argued that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  formal, standardized tests are the best way to assess children's learning 
B)  assessment should focus on determining a child's zone of proximal development 
C)  educators should focus on abstract presentations of material 
D)  teaching should begin toward the lower limit of the zone of proximal development 
A)  formal, standardized tests are the best way to assess children's learning 
B)  assessment should focus on determining a child's zone of proximal development 
C)  educators should focus on abstract presentations of material 
D)  teaching should begin toward the lower limit of the zone of proximal development

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of short-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  One method of assessing short-term memory is the memory-span task. 
B)  In short-term memory, individuals retain information for up to 5 minutes if there is no rehearsal of the information. 
C)  Short-term memory involves memory of significant events and experiences in one's life. 
D)  An aspect of short-term memory that has been extensively studied in research on children's development is autobiographical memory. 
A)  One method of assessing short-term memory is the memory-span task. 
B)  In short-term memory, individuals retain information for up to 5 minutes if there is no rehearsal of the information. 
C)  Short-term memory involves memory of significant events and experiences in one's life. 
D)  An aspect of short-term memory that has been extensively studied in research on children's development is autobiographical memory.

Question 4

Which of the following can enhance a child's safety and reduce the likelihood of injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing home/school partnerships 
B)  the absence of playground hazards 
C)  the reduction of pool fencing 
D)  reducing frequent parent protective behaviors 
A)  decreasing home/school partnerships 
B)  the absence of playground hazards 
C)  the reduction of pool fencing 
D)  reducing frequent parent protective behaviors

Question 5

Debra is a very active child. She loves to tumble and show off. She always tries, what her parents consider, hair-raising stunts. She also loves running and believes she can run faster than her parents. This type of activity level and confidence is most characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  1-year-olds. 
B)  2-year-olds. 
C)  3-year-olds. 
D)  5-year-olds. 
A)  1-year-olds. 
B)  2-year-olds. 
C)  3-year-olds. 
D)  5-year-olds.

Question 6

Briefly describe the two stages of preoperational thought. Provide an example of children's thinking at each stage.

Accepted Answer

The Piagetian preoperational stage in co

Question 7

Six-year-old Shirley, a witness to a robbery, was asked to testify at a trial. The defense argued that her testimony could be invalid because

Accepted Answer

A)  at her age, she has no long-term memories. 
B)  her memories are highly susceptible to suggestion. 
C)  she is more likely to embellish her memories. 
D)  children cannot recall details of events sequentially. 
A)  at her age, she has no long-term memories. 
B)  her memories are highly susceptible to suggestion. 
C)  she is more likely to embellish her memories. 
D)  children cannot recall details of events sequentially.

Question 8

Sandra is informed by a pediatrician that her four-year-old son, Manuel, has gained six pounds over the last one year. Sandra should

Accepted Answer

A)  be alarmed because Manuel has gained a lot of weight. 
B)  be concerned because Manuel has gained less weight. 
C)  be positive and change Manuel's diet. 
D)  be content that this is normal for Manuel's age. 
A)  be alarmed because Manuel has gained a lot of weight. 
B)  be concerned because Manuel has gained less weight. 
C)  be positive and change Manuel's diet. 
D)  be content that this is normal for Manuel's age.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  In this stage, a child can perform operations independently without adult supervision. 
B)  In this stage, children begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings. 
C)  This stage lasts from approximately 3 months to 2 years of age. 
D)  This stage involves the ability to use deductive reasoning. 
A)  In this stage, a child can perform operations independently without adult supervision. 
B)  In this stage, children begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings. 
C)  This stage lasts from approximately 3 months to 2 years of age. 
D)  This stage involves the ability to use deductive reasoning.

Question 10

The leading cause of death in young children in 2015 in the United States was

Accepted Answer

A)  heart disease. 
B)  malnutrition. 
C)  accidents. 
D)  domestic violence. 
A)  heart disease. 
B)  malnutrition. 
C)  accidents. 
D)  domestic violence.

Question 11

Tools of the Mind is a program that is grounded in ________ theory of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)  Vygotsky's 
B)  Erikson's 
C)  Sternberg's 
D)  Piaget's 
A)  Vygotsky's 
B)  Erikson's 
C)  Sternberg's 
D)  Piaget's

Question 12

The second substage of preoperational thought, occurring between approximately 4 and 7 years of age, is characterized by the use of

Accepted Answer

A)  reversible mental actions. 
B)  egocentric views. 
C)  primitive reasoning. 
D)  symbolic thought. 
A)  reversible mental actions. 
B)  egocentric views. 
C)  primitive reasoning. 
D)  symbolic thought.

Question 13

What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? What are its lower and upper limits? How can one use peer scaffolding to teach children mathematics within the zone?

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development (ZPD),

Question 14

Vygotsky believed that children construct knowledge through

Accepted Answer

A)  self-discovery. 
B)  social interaction. 
C)  the reorganization of existing knowledge. 
D)  transforming previous knowledge. 
A)  self-discovery. 
B)  social interaction. 
C)  the reorganization of existing knowledge. 
D)  transforming previous knowledge.

Question 15

Which of the following describes Lev Vygotsky's belief about the development of thought and language?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thought and language are merged early in development and later separate. 
B)  Thought depends on language, and they are merged throughout development. 
C)  Thought and language initially develop independently of each other and then merge. 
D)  Thought and language are two separate functions that remain independent throughout development. 
A)  Thought and language are merged early in development and later separate. 
B)  Thought depends on language, and they are merged throughout development. 
C)  Thought and language initially develop independently of each other and then merge. 
D)  Thought and language are two separate functions that remain independent throughout development.

Question 16

Five-year-old Donna uses shorter, simpler sentences when talking to her baby brother. She speaks in a very informal way with her friends and uses a more formal language with her father's friends. Donna is demonstrating her grasp of

Accepted Answer

A)  pragmatics. 
B)  morphology. 
C)  syntax. 
D)  phonology. 
A)  pragmatics. 
B)  morphology. 
C)  syntax. 
D)  phonology.

Question 17

What are the two most important contributors to height differences among children all over the world?

Accepted Answer

A)  nationality and culture 
B)  education and exercise 
C)  prenatal care and emotional challenges 
D)  ethnic origin and nutrition 
A)  nationality and culture 
B)  education and exercise 
C)  prenatal care and emotional challenges 
D)  ethnic origin and nutrition

Question 18

Critics of universal preschool education argue that

Accepted Answer

A)  quality preschools prepare children for school readiness and academic success. 
B)  research has not proven that nondisadvantaged children benefit from attending a preschool. 
C)  the gains attributed to preschool and kindergarten education are often understated. 
D)  quality preschool programs increase the likelihood that a child will drop out of school later. 
A)  quality preschools prepare children for school readiness and academic success. 
B)  research has not proven that nondisadvantaged children benefit from attending a preschool. 
C)  the gains attributed to preschool and kindergarten education are often understated. 
D)  quality preschool programs increase the likelihood that a child will drop out of school later.

Question 19

Fred and Wayne are 4-year-olds. When they are together, they often wrestle, run, race, push, and shove each other. Although their activities often aggravate their parents, these activities will

Accepted Answer

A)  help the boys develop their gross motor skills. 
B)  stop when their brains become better myelinated. 
C)  be temporary as they will not be friends for long. 
D)  help the boys overcome narcolepsy. 
A)  help the boys develop their gross motor skills. 
B)  stop when their brains become better myelinated. 
C)  be temporary as they will not be friends for long. 
D)  help the boys overcome narcolepsy.

Question 20

Executive function involves ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  managing one's thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and self-control 
B)  learning difficult tasks with guidance and assistance from adults or more-skilled children 
C)  focusing attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others 
D)  building memories of significant events and experiences in one's life 
A)  managing one's thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and self-control 
B)  learning difficult tasks with guidance and assistance from adults or more-skilled children 
C)  focusing attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others 
D)  building memories of significant events and experiences in one's life

Which of the following is true of Lev Vygotsky's educational applications?

In the context of cognitive development in early childhood, Vygotsky argued that ________.

Which of the following statements is true of short-term memory?

Which of the following can enhance a child's safety and reduce the likelihood of injury?

Debra is a very active child. She loves to tumble and show off. She always tries, what her parents consider, hair-raising stunts. She also loves running and believes she can run faster than her parents. This type of activity level and confidence is most characteristic of

Briefly describe the two stages of preoperational thought. Provide an example of children's thinking at each stage.

Six-year-old Shirley, a witness to a robbery, was asked to testify at a trial. The defense argued that her testimony could be invalid because

Sandra is informed by a pediatrician that her four-year-old son, Manuel, has gained six pounds over the last one year. Sandra should

Which of the following statements is true of Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development?

The leading cause of death in young children in 2015 in the United States was

Tools of the Mind is a program that is grounded in ________ theory of cognitive development.

The second substage of preoperational thought, occurring between approximately 4 and 7 years of age, is characterized by the use of

What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? What are its lower and upper limits? How can one use peer scaffolding to teach children mathematics within the zone?

Vygotsky believed that children construct knowledge through

Which of the following describes Lev Vygotsky's belief about the development of thought and language?

Five-year-old Donna uses shorter, simpler sentences when talking to her baby brother. She speaks in a very informal way with her friends and uses a more formal language with her father's friends. Donna is demonstrating her grasp of

What are the two most important contributors to height differences among children all over the world?

Critics of universal preschool education argue that

Fred and Wayne are 4-year-olds. When they are together, they often wrestle, run, race, push, and shove each other. Although their activities often aggravate their parents, these activities will

Executive function involves ________.

Introduction

Biological Beginnings

Physical and Cognitive Dvelopment in Infancy

Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Socioemotional Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Grieving

Filters

Exam 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Which of the following is true of Lev Vygotsky's educational applications?

In the context of cognitive development in early childhood, Vygotsky argued that ________.

Which of the following statements is true of short-term memory?

Which of the following can enhance a child's safety and reduce the likelihood of injury?

Debra is a very active child. She loves to tumble and show off. She always tries, what her parents consider, hair-raising stunts. She also loves running and believes she can run faster than her parents. This type of activity level and confidence is most characteristic of

Briefly describe the two stages of preoperational thought. Provide an example of children's thinking at each stage.

Six-year-old Shirley, a witness to a robbery, was asked to testify at a trial. The defense argued that her testimony could be invalid because

Sandra is informed by a pediatrician that her four-year-old son, Manuel, has gained six pounds over the last one year. Sandra should

Which of the following statements is true of Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development?

The leading cause of death in young children in 2015 in the United States was

Tools of the Mind is a program that is grounded in ________ theory of cognitive development.

The second substage of preoperational thought, occurring between approximately 4 and 7 years of age, is characterized by the use of

What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? What are its lower and upper limits? How can one use peer scaffolding to teach children mathematics within the zone?

Vygotsky believed that children construct knowledge through

Which of the following describes Lev Vygotsky's belief about the development of thought and language?

Five-year-old Donna uses shorter, simpler sentences when talking to her baby brother. She speaks in a very informal way with her friends and uses a more formal language with her father's friends. Donna is demonstrating her grasp of

What are the two most important contributors to height differences among children all over the world?

Critics of universal preschool education argue that

Fred and Wayne are 4-year-olds. When they are together, they often wrestle, run, race, push, and shove each other. Although their activities often aggravate their parents, these activities will

Executive function involves ________.

Introduction

Biological Beginnings

Physical and Cognitive Dvelopment in Infancy

Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Socioemotional Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Grieving

Filters