Question 1

How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  By passive electrolyte channels 
B)  By coupled channels 
C)  By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) 
D)  By diffusion 
A)  By passive electrolyte channels 
B)  By coupled channels 
C)  By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) 
D)  By diffusion C

Question 2

A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions.Which cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic absorption 
B)  Communication 
C)  Secretion 
D)  Respiration 
A)  Metabolic absorption 
B)  Communication 
C)  Secretion 
D)  Respiration D

Question 3

A student is observing a cell under the microscope.It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones.Which of the following would also be observed by the student?

Accepted Answer

A)  A single circular chromosome 
B)  A nucleus 
C)  Free-floating nuclear material 
D)  No organelles. 
A)  A single circular chromosome 
B)  A nucleus 
C)  Free-floating nuclear material 
D)  No organelles. B

Question 4

A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg.This lab result is measuring:

Accepted Answer

A)  osmolality. 
B)  osmolarity. 
C)  osmotic pressure. 
D)  oncotic pressure. 
A)  osmolality. 
B)  osmolarity. 
C)  osmotic pressure. 
D)  oncotic pressure.

Question 5

Characteristics of prokaryotes include which of the following? (select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain no organelles. 
B)  Their nuclear material is not encased by a nuclear membrane. 
C)  They contain a distinct nucleus. 
D)  They contain histones. 
E)  They contain a cellular membrane. 
A)  They contain no organelles. 
B)  Their nuclear material is not encased by a nuclear membrane. 
C)  They contain a distinct nucleus. 
D)  They contain histones. 
E)  They contain a cellular membrane.

Question 6

A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary.Which process of fluid movement is the nurse describing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrostatic pressure 
B)  Osmosis 
C)  Diffusion 
D)  Active transport 
A)  Hydrostatic pressure 
B)  Osmosis 
C)  Diffusion 
D)  Active transport

Question 7

A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is -70 mV.The predominant intracellular ion is Na+, and the predominant extracellular ion is K+.With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  K+ rushing into the cell 
B)  Na+ rushing into the cell 
C)  Na+ rushing out of the cell 
D)  K+ rushing out of the cell 
A)  K+ rushing into the cell 
B)  Na+ rushing into the cell 
C)  Na+ rushing out of the cell 
D)  K+ rushing out of the cell

Question 8

Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells.This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paracrine 
B)  Autocrine 
C)  Neurohormonal 
D)  Hormonal 
A)  Paracrine 
B)  Autocrine 
C)  Neurohormonal 
D)  Hormonal

Question 9

A nurse teaching the staff about platelet-derived growth factor includes information that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)stimulates the production of:

Accepted Answer

A)  platelets. 
B)  epidermal cells. 
C)  connective tissue cells. 
D)  fibroblast cells. 
A)  platelets. 
B)  epidermal cells. 
C)  connective tissue cells. 
D)  fibroblast cells.

Question 10

A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure.The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure)is determined by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the concentration of sodium. 
B)  plasma proteins. 
C)  hydrostatic pressure. 
D)  the availability of membrane transporter proteins. 
A)  the concentration of sodium. 
B)  plasma proteins. 
C)  hydrostatic pressure. 
D)  the availability of membrane transporter proteins.

Question 11

Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell junction 
B)  Gap junction 
C)  Desmosome 
D)  Tight junction 
A)  Cell junction 
B)  Gap junction 
C)  Desmosome 
D)  Tight junction

Question 12

The phase of the cell cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  anaphase. 
B)  telophase. 
C)  prophase. 
D)  metaphase. 
A)  anaphase. 
B)  telophase. 
C)  prophase. 
D)  metaphase.

Question 13

A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy.Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electron-transport chain 
B)  Aerobic glycolysis 
C)  Anaerobic glycolysis 
D)  Oxidative phosphorylation 
A)  Electron-transport chain 
B)  Aerobic glycolysis 
C)  Anaerobic glycolysis 
D)  Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 14

A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer.What alternation in the extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased fibronectin 
B)  Increased collagen 
C)  Decreased elastin 
D)  Increased glycoproteins 
A)  Decreased fibronectin 
B)  Increased collagen 
C)  Decreased elastin 
D)  Increased glycoproteins

Question 15

The ion transporter that moves Na+  and Ca²+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biport 
B)  Uniport 
C)  Antiport 
D)  Symport 
A)  Biport 
B)  Uniport 
C)  Antiport 
D)  Symport

Question 16

A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication.In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitochondria 
B)  Ribosome 
C)  Nucleolus 
D)  Nucleus Cytoplasm 
A)  Mitochondria 
B)  Ribosome 
C)  Nucleolus 
D)  Nucleus Cytoplasm

Question 17

Some cancer drugs work during the cell cycle phase where nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions occur.What is this cell cycle phase called?

Accepted Answer

A)  G1 
B)  S 
C)  M 
D)  G2 
A)  G1 
B)  S 
C)  M 
D)  G2

Question 18

In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:

Accepted Answer

A)  solute. 
B)  substrate. 
C)  receptor. 
D)  ribosome. 
A)  solute. 
B)  substrate. 
C)  receptor. 
D)  ribosome.

Question 19

Which causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. 
B)  Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. 
C)  Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative. 
D)  Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative. 
A)  Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. 
B)  Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. 
C)  Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative. 
D)  Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.

Question 20

A student is reviewing functions of the cell.The student would be correct in identifying a chief function of the nerve cell as:

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory interpretation. 
B)  conductivity. 
C)  maintenance of homeostasis. 
D)  communication. 
A)  sensory interpretation. 
B)  conductivity. 
C)  maintenance of homeostasis. 
D)  communication.

Exam 1: Cellular Biology

How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?

A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions.Which cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?

A student is observing a cell under the microscope.It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones.Which of the following would also be observed by the student?

A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg.This lab result is measuring:

Characteristics of prokaryotes include which of the following? (select all that apply)

A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary.Which process of fluid movement is the nurse describing?

A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is -70 mV.The predominant intracellular ion is Na+, and the predominant extracellular ion is K+.With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential?

Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells.This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?

A nurse teaching the staff about platelet-derived growth factor includes information that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)stimulates the production of:

A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure.The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure)is determined by:

Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?

The phase of the cell cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart is referred to as:

A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy.Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?

A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer.What alternation in the extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?

The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca²+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?

A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication.In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?

Some cancer drugs work during the cell cycle phase where nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions occur.What is this cell cycle phase called?

In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:

Which causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?

A student is reviewing functions of the cell.The student would be correct in identifying a chief function of the nerve cell as:

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Filters

A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is -70 mV.The predominant intracellular ion is Na⁺, and the predominant extracellular ion is K⁺.With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential?

The ion transporter that moves Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?