Question 1

A 30-year-old is diagnosed with emphysema.Changes in this patient's lungs are caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  viral infections. 
B)  destruction of alveolar macrophages. 
C)  α1-antitrypsin deficiency. 
D)  fibrotic lung disease. 
A)  viral infections. 
B)  destruction of alveolar macrophages. 
C)  α1-antitrypsin deficiency. 
D)  fibrotic lung disease. C

Question 2

What type of breathing will the nurse observe while assessing a patient experiencing both metabolic acidosis and Kussmaul respirations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Audible wheezing or stridor 
B)  Increased rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pause 
C)  Rapid respirations with periods of apnea 
D)  Very slow inhalations and rapid expirations 
A)  Audible wheezing or stridor 
B)  Increased rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pause 
C)  Rapid respirations with periods of apnea 
D)  Very slow inhalations and rapid expirations B

Question 3

A 42-year-old presents with dyspnea; rapid, shallow breathing; inspiratory crackles; decreased lung compliance; and hypoxemia.Tests reveal a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury.What is the most likely diagnosis supported by the patient's condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 
B)  Sarcoidosis 
C)  Postoperative respiratory failure 
D)  Malignant respiratory failure 
A)  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 
B)  Sarcoidosis 
C)  Postoperative respiratory failure 
D)  Malignant respiratory failure A

Question 4

A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE).Which of the following symptoms most likely occurred before treatment is initiated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dry cough and inspiratory crackles 
B)  Shallow respirations and wheezing 
C)  Chest pain and shortness of breath 
D)  Kussmaul respirations and back pain 
A)  Dry cough and inspiratory crackles 
B)  Shallow respirations and wheezing 
C)  Chest pain and shortness of breath 
D)  Kussmaul respirations and back pain

Question 5

A 50-year-old presents with hypotension, hypoxemia, and tracheal deviation to the left.Tests reveal that the air pressure in the pleural cavity exceeds barometric pressure in the atmosphere.Based upon these assessment findings, what does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pleural effusion 
B)  Tension pneumothorax 
C)  Open pneumothorax 
D)  Transudative pneumothorax 
A)  Pleural effusion 
B)  Tension pneumothorax 
C)  Open pneumothorax 
D)  Transudative pneumothorax

Question 6

A nurse is reviewing the results of an arterial blood gas (ABG)and finds reduced oxygenation of arterial blood.What term should the nurse use to describe this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ischemia 
B)  Hypoxia 
C)  Hypoxemia 
D)  Hypocapnia 
A)  Ischemia 
B)  Hypoxia 
C)  Hypoxemia 
D)  Hypocapnia

Question 7

A 20-year-old presents reporting difficulty breathing when lying down.What term should the nurse use to document this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dyspnea 
B)  Orthopnea 
C)  Apnea 
D)  Tachypnea 
A)  Dyspnea 
B)  Orthopnea 
C)  Apnea 
D)  Tachypnea

Question 8

When giving report, what term should the nurse use to describe the coughing up of bloody secretions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hematemesis 
B)  Cyanosis 
C)  Rhinitis 
D)  Hemoptysis 
A)  Hematemesis 
B)  Cyanosis 
C)  Rhinitis 
D)  Hemoptysis

Question 9

A 26-year-old recently underwent surgery and is now experiencing dyspnea, cough, fever, and leukocytosis.Tests reveal a collapsed lung caused by the removal of air from obstructed alveoli.Which term is used to document this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compression atelectasis 
B)  Bronchiectasis 
C)  Absorption atelectasis 
D)  Hypoventilation 
A)  Compression atelectasis 
B)  Bronchiectasis 
C)  Absorption atelectasis 
D)  Hypoventilation

Question 10

A 60-year-old undergoes surgery for a bone fracture.Which nursing measure would be most effective for preventing pulmonary embolism (PE)in this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ensure that patient uses supplemental oxygen. 
B)  Prevent deep vein thrombosis formation. 
C)  Check hematocrit and hemoglobin levels frequently during the postoperative period. 
D)  Promote aggressive fluid intake. 
A)  Ensure that patient uses supplemental oxygen. 
B)  Prevent deep vein thrombosis formation. 
C)  Check hematocrit and hemoglobin levels frequently during the postoperative period. 
D)  Promote aggressive fluid intake.

Question 11

What phrase describes the condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower lobe receive adequate ventilation but lack adequate perfusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  A right-to-left shunt 
B)  Alveolar dead space 
C)  A low ventilation-perfusion ratio 
D)  Pulmonary hypotension 
A)  A right-to-left shunt 
B)  Alveolar dead space 
C)  A low ventilation-perfusion ratio 
D)  Pulmonary hypotension

Question 12

A 70-year-old hospitalized for a pelvic fracture develops a pulmonary embolism.The nurse realizes this embolus is most commonly composed of:

Accepted Answer

A)  fat. 
B)  air. 
C)  tissue fragment. 
D)  blood clot. 
A)  fat. 
B)  air. 
C)  tissue fragment. 
D)  blood clot.

Question 13

A 65-year-old diagnosed with emphysema presents to the ER for difficulty breathing.Physical exam reveals both bluish skin and mucous membranes.What term will the nurse use to document these observations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyanosis 
B)  Hemoptysis 
C)  Hematemesis 
D)  Ischemia 
A)  Cyanosis 
B)  Hemoptysis 
C)  Hematemesis 
D)  Ischemia

Question 14

A 57-year-old presents with cough, sputum production, dyspnea, and decreased lung volume and is diagnosed with pneumoconiosis.When taking the patient's history, which finding is the most probable cause of the illness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhalation of silica 
B)  Autoimmune disease 
C)  Allergic reactions 
D)  Flail chest 
A)  Inhalation of silica 
B)  Autoimmune disease 
C)  Allergic reactions 
D)  Flail chest

Question 15

Which organism does the nurse suspect is the most likely cause of empyema?

Accepted Answer

A)  Virus 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus 
C)  Fungus 
D)  Moraxella catarrhalis 
A)  Virus 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus 
C)  Fungus 
D)  Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 16

Which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Accepted Answer

A)  21-year-old male with a hemophilia bleeding disorder 
B)  28-year-old woman who had a baby 6 months earlier 
C)  36-year-old woman with a history of alcohol abuse who is recovering from a gastric ulcer 
D)  72-year-old male who is recovering from hip replacement surgery in the hospital 
A)  21-year-old male with a hemophilia bleeding disorder 
B)  28-year-old woman who had a baby 6 months earlier 
C)  36-year-old woman with a history of alcohol abuse who is recovering from a gastric ulcer 
D)  72-year-old male who is recovering from hip replacement surgery in the hospital

Question 17

The most common cause of pulmonary edema is:

Accepted Answer

A)  right heart failure. 
B)  left heart failure. 
C)  asthma. 
D)  lung cancer. 
A)  right heart failure. 
B)  left heart failure. 
C)  asthma. 
D)  lung cancer.

Question 18

The patient diagnosed with tuberculosis can transmit this disease through:

Accepted Answer

A)  skin contact. 
B)  fecal-oral contact. 
C)  airborne droplets. 
D)  blood transfusions. 
A)  skin contact. 
B)  fecal-oral contact. 
C)  airborne droplets. 
D)  blood transfusions.

Question 19

An 80-year-old develops pneumonia in the hospital.An assessment identifies that the patient is cyanotic and tachycardic and has developed a fever and a cough.Chest x-ray reveals pus in the pleural space.This symptomology supports which medical diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Empyema 
B)  Emphysema 
C)  Pleurisy 
D)  Chyle 
A)  Empyema 
B)  Emphysema 
C)  Pleurisy 
D)  Chyle

Question 20

A 22-year-old presents with chronic bronchitis.Tests reveal closure of the airway during expiration.This condition is most likely caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  thick mucus from hypertrophied glands. 
B)  ventilation-perfusion mismatch. 
C)  hyperventilation. 
D)  thinning smooth muscle in the bronchioles. 
A)  thick mucus from hypertrophied glands. 
B)  ventilation-perfusion mismatch. 
C)  hyperventilation. 
D)  thinning smooth muscle in the bronchioles.

Exam 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function

A 30-year-old is diagnosed with emphysema.Changes in this patient's lungs are caused by:

What type of breathing will the nurse observe while assessing a patient experiencing both metabolic acidosis and Kussmaul respirations?

A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE).Which of the following symptoms most likely occurred before treatment is initiated?

A 50-year-old presents with hypotension, hypoxemia, and tracheal deviation to the left.Tests reveal that the air pressure in the pleural cavity exceeds barometric pressure in the atmosphere.Based upon these assessment findings, what does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?

A nurse is reviewing the results of an arterial blood gas (ABG)and finds reduced oxygenation of arterial blood.What term should the nurse use to describe this condition?

A 20-year-old presents reporting difficulty breathing when lying down.What term should the nurse use to document this condition?

When giving report, what term should the nurse use to describe the coughing up of bloody secretions?

A 26-year-old recently underwent surgery and is now experiencing dyspnea, cough, fever, and leukocytosis.Tests reveal a collapsed lung caused by the removal of air from obstructed alveoli.Which term is used to document this condition?

A 60-year-old undergoes surgery for a bone fracture.Which nursing measure would be most effective for preventing pulmonary embolism (PE)in this patient?

What phrase describes the condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower lobe receive adequate ventilation but lack adequate perfusion?

A 70-year-old hospitalized for a pelvic fracture develops a pulmonary embolism.The nurse realizes this embolus is most commonly composed of:

A 65-year-old diagnosed with emphysema presents to the ER for difficulty breathing.Physical exam reveals both bluish skin and mucous membranes.What term will the nurse use to document these observations?

A 57-year-old presents with cough, sputum production, dyspnea, and decreased lung volume and is diagnosed with pneumoconiosis.When taking the patient's history, which finding is the most probable cause of the illness?

Which organism does the nurse suspect is the most likely cause of empyema?

Which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing pulmonary embolism (PE)?

The most common cause of pulmonary edema is:

The patient diagnosed with tuberculosis can transmit this disease through:

An 80-year-old develops pneumonia in the hospital.An assessment identifies that the patient is cyanotic and tachycardic and has developed a fever and a cough.Chest x-ray reveals pus in the pleural space.This symptomology supports which medical diagnosis?

A 22-year-old presents with chronic bronchitis.Tests reveal closure of the airway during expiration.This condition is most likely caused by:

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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