Question 1

A serious complication of paraesophageal hiatal hernia is:

Accepted Answer

A)  hemorrhage. 
B)  strangulation. 
C)  peritonitis. 
D)  ascites. 
A)  hemorrhage. 
B)  strangulation. 
C)  peritonitis. 
D)  ascites. B

Question 2

Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI)greater than _____.

Accepted Answer

30

Question 3

Chronic gastritis is classified according to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  severity. 
B)  location of lesions. 
C)  patient's age. 
D)  signs and symptoms. 
A)  severity. 
B)  location of lesions. 
C)  patient's age. 
D)  signs and symptoms. B

Question 4

What is the cause of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hereditary hormonal imbalances with high gastrin levels 
B)  Breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions 
C)  Decreased vagal activity and vascular engorgement 
D)  Gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile reflux 
A)  Hereditary hormonal imbalances with high gastrin levels 
B)  Breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions 
C)  Decreased vagal activity and vascular engorgement 
D)  Gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile reflux

Question 5

The symptoms and signs of large bowel obstruction are:

Accepted Answer

A)  abdominal distention and hypogastric pain. 
B)  diarrhea and excessive thirst. 
C)  dehydration and epigastric pain. 
D)  abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. 
A)  abdominal distention and hypogastric pain. 
B)  diarrhea and excessive thirst. 
C)  dehydration and epigastric pain. 
D)  abdominal pain and rectal bleeding.

Question 6

An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obstructive 
B)  Hemolytic 
C)  Hepatocellular 
D)  Metabolic 
A)  Obstructive 
B)  Hemolytic 
C)  Hepatocellular 
D)  Metabolic

Question 7

A 31-year-old female is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis.Which of the following will be part of the treatment plan? (select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  Narcotic analgesics 
B)  Restriction of food intake 
C)  Nasogastric suctioning 
D)  Steroid therapy 
E)  IV fluids 
A)  Narcotic analgesics 
B)  Restriction of food intake 
C)  Nasogastric suctioning 
D)  Steroid therapy 
E)  IV fluids

Question 8

Pancreatic insufficiency is manifested by deficient production of:

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin. 
B)  amylase. 
C)  lipase. 
D)  bile. 
A)  insulin. 
B)  amylase. 
C)  lipase. 
D)  bile.

Question 9

A 39-year-old is diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer.Which of the following behaviors may have contributed to the development of the ulcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regular NSAID use 
B)  Drinking caffeinated beverages 
C)  Consuming limited fiber 
D)  Antacid consumption 
A)  Regular NSAID use 
B)  Drinking caffeinated beverages 
C)  Consuming limited fiber 
D)  Antacid consumption

Question 10

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder wall usually caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  accumulation of bile in the hepatic duct. 
B)  obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone. 
C)  accumulation of fat in the wall of the gallbladder. 
D)  viral infection of the gallbladder. 
A)  accumulation of bile in the hepatic duct. 
B)  obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone. 
C)  accumulation of fat in the wall of the gallbladder. 
D)  viral infection of the gallbladder.

Question 11

A 55-year-old is diagnosed with extrahepatic obstructive jaundice that is a result of the obstruction of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  intrahepatic bile canaliculi. 
B)  gallbladder. 
C)  cystic duct. 
D)  common bile duct. 
A)  intrahepatic bile canaliculi. 
B)  gallbladder. 
C)  cystic duct. 
D)  common bile duct.

Question 12

The most common disorder associated with upper GI bleeding is:

Accepted Answer

A)  diverticulosis. 
B)  hemorrhoids. 
C)  esophageal varices. 
D)  cancer. 
A)  diverticulosis. 
B)  hemorrhoids. 
C)  esophageal varices. 
D)  cancer.

Question 13

The autopsy of a 55-year-old revealed an enlarged liver, testicular atrophy, and mild jaundice secondary to cirrhosis.What is the most likely cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacterial infection 
B)  Viral infection 
C)  Alcoholic steatohepatitis 
D)  Drug overdose 
A)  Bacterial infection 
B)  Viral infection 
C)  Alcoholic steatohepatitis 
D)  Drug overdose

Question 14

A 50-year-old male reports episodes of frequently recurring crampy abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools.A possible diagnosis would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  ulcerative colitis. 
B)  hiatal hernia. 
C)  pyloric obstruction. 
D)  achalasia. 
A)  ulcerative colitis. 
B)  hiatal hernia. 
C)  pyloric obstruction. 
D)  achalasia.

Question 15

Manifestations associated with hepatic encephalopathy from chronic liver disease are the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice. 
B)  fluid and electrolyte imbalances. 
C)  impaired ammonia metabolism. 
D)  decreased cerebral blood flow. 
A)  hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice. 
B)  fluid and electrolyte imbalances. 
C)  impaired ammonia metabolism. 
D)  decreased cerebral blood flow.

Question 16

The most common clinical manifestation of portal hypertension is _____ bleeding.

Accepted Answer

A)  rectal 
B)  duodenal 
C)  esophageal 
D)  intestinal 
A)  rectal 
B)  duodenal 
C)  esophageal 
D)  intestinal

Question 17

A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.Which of the following factors most likely contributed to his disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reflux esophagitis 
B)  Intestinal parasites 
C)  Ingestion of salty foods 
D)  Frequent use of antacids 
A)  Reflux esophagitis 
B)  Intestinal parasites 
C)  Ingestion of salty foods 
D)  Frequent use of antacids

Question 18

A common cause of chronic mesenteric ischemia among the elderly is:

Accepted Answer

A)  anemia. 
B)  aneurysm. 
C)  lack of nutrition in gut lumen. 
D)  atherosclerosis. 
A)  anemia. 
B)  aneurysm. 
C)  lack of nutrition in gut lumen. 
D)  atherosclerosis.

Question 19

A 19-year-old presents with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant.Physical examination reveals rebound tenderness and a low-grade fever.A possible diagnosis would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  colon cancer. 
B)  pancreatitis. 
C)  appendicitis. 
D)  hepatitis. 
A)  colon cancer. 
B)  pancreatitis. 
C)  appendicitis. 
D)  hepatitis.

Question 20

Gastroscopy reveals degeneration of the gastric mucosa in the body and fundus of the stomach.This condition increases the risk for the development of:

Accepted Answer

A)  pernicious anemia. 
B)  osmotic diarrhea. 
C)  increased acid secretion. 
D)  decreased gastrin secretion. 
A)  pernicious anemia. 
B)  osmotic diarrhea. 
C)  increased acid secretion. 
D)  decreased gastrin secretion.

Exam 36: Alterations of Digestive Function

A serious complication of paraesophageal hiatal hernia is:

Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI)greater than _____.

Chronic gastritis is classified according to the:

What is the cause of peptic ulcer disease?

The symptoms and signs of large bowel obstruction are:

An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice?

A 31-year-old female is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis.Which of the following will be part of the treatment plan? (select all that apply)

Pancreatic insufficiency is manifested by deficient production of:

A 39-year-old is diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer.Which of the following behaviors may have contributed to the development of the ulcer?

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder wall usually caused by:

A 55-year-old is diagnosed with extrahepatic obstructive jaundice that is a result of the obstruction of the:

The most common disorder associated with upper GI bleeding is:

The autopsy of a 55-year-old revealed an enlarged liver, testicular atrophy, and mild jaundice secondary to cirrhosis.What is the most likely cause of this condition?

A 50-year-old male reports episodes of frequently recurring crampy abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools.A possible diagnosis would be:

Manifestations associated with hepatic encephalopathy from chronic liver disease are the result of:

The most common clinical manifestation of portal hypertension is _____ bleeding.

A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.Which of the following factors most likely contributed to his disease?

A common cause of chronic mesenteric ischemia among the elderly is:

A 19-year-old presents with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant.Physical examination reveals rebound tenderness and a low-grade fever.A possible diagnosis would be:

Gastroscopy reveals degeneration of the gastric mucosa in the body and fundus of the stomach.This condition increases the risk for the development of:

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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