Question 1

An example of artificial active immunity would be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  chickenpox infection followed by lifelong immunity 
B)  chickenpox vaccine which triggers extended immunity to chickenpox 
C)  giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease 
D)  a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  chickenpox infection followed by lifelong immunity 
B)  chickenpox vaccine which triggers extended immunity to chickenpox 
C)  giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease 
D)  a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 2

After secreting antibodies during an immune response, plasma cells then differentiate into memory cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The importance of clonal deletion is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lymphocytes with receptors that recognize self markers are eliminated to preserve immune tolerance 
B)  worn-out lymphocytes are destroyed to make way for new cells 
C)  lymphocytes that have been activated during antigen exposure are then removed when the individual recovers 
D)  clones of cells that have the same receptor are deleted to avoid redundancy 
A)  lymphocytes with receptors that recognize self markers are eliminated to preserve immune tolerance 
B)  worn-out lymphocytes are destroyed to make way for new cells 
C)  lymphocytes that have been activated during antigen exposure are then removed when the individual recovers 
D)  clones of cells that have the same receptor are deleted to avoid redundancy

Question 4

The immunoglobulins found on the surface of B cells are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgM only 
B)  IgG only 
C)  IgD only 
D)  IgM and IgD 
E)  IgD and IgE 
A)  IgM only 
B)  IgG only 
C)  IgD only 
D)  IgM and IgD 
E)  IgD and IgE

Question 5

An example of natural active immunity would be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  chickenpox infection followed by lifelong immunity 
B)  chickenpox vaccine, which triggers extended immunity to chickenpox 
C)  giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease 
D)  a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  chickenpox infection followed by lifelong immunity 
B)  chickenpox vaccine, which triggers extended immunity to chickenpox 
C)  giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease 
D)  a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 6

The secondary response to an antigen is faster and bigger than the primary response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Lymphocyte maturation involves ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormonal signals that initiate development 
B)  B cells maturing in bone marrow sites 
C)  T cells maturing in the thymus 
D)  release of mature lymphocytes to begin migration to various lymphoid organs 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  hormonal signals that initiate development 
B)  B cells maturing in bone marrow sites 
C)  T cells maturing in the thymus 
D)  release of mature lymphocytes to begin migration to various lymphoid organs 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

The immunoglobulin class that has a dimer form found in mucus, saliva, colostrum, and other body secretions is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgA 
B)  IgD 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgG 
E)  IgM 
A)  IgA 
B)  IgD 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgG 
E)  IgM

Question 9

The monomer subunit of immunoglobulin molecules has all the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  two identical heavy polypeptide chains 
B)  two identical light polypeptide chains 
C)  disulfide bonds between polypeptide chains 
D)  four antigen binding sites 
E)  a variable and constant region on each polypeptide chain 
A)  two identical heavy polypeptide chains 
B)  two identical light polypeptide chains 
C)  disulfide bonds between polypeptide chains 
D)  four antigen binding sites 
E)  a variable and constant region on each polypeptide chain

Question 10

MHC molecules are found on each of the following cells except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  leukocytes 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  epithelial cells 
D)  red blood cells 
E)  islet of Langerhans cells 
A)  leukocytes 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  epithelial cells 
D)  red blood cells 
E)  islet of Langerhans cells

Question 11

The most significant cells in graft rejection are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  helper T cells 
B)  suppressor T cells 
C)  cytotoxic T cells 
D)  delayed hypersensitivity T cells 
E)  natural killer (NK) cells 
A)  helper T cells 
B)  suppressor T cells 
C)  cytotoxic T cells 
D)  delayed hypersensitivity T cells 
E)  natural killer (NK) cells

Question 12

A naive B lymphocyte has receptors bound to its surface that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are all specific for the same antigen 
B)  have a variable region that is different to the variable regions of B cell-receptors embedded in other naive B lymphocytes 
C)  is one of up to 10 trillion possible protein configurations due to genetic rearrangement 
D)  will have the same variable region as the antibodies that will be secreted following a challenge by the corresponding antigen 
E)  All of the choices are true statements concerning B lymphocyte-receptors. 
A)  are all specific for the same antigen 
B)  have a variable region that is different to the variable regions of B cell-receptors embedded in other naive B lymphocytes 
C)  is one of up to 10 trillion possible protein configurations due to genetic rearrangement 
D)  will have the same variable region as the antibodies that will be secreted following a challenge by the corresponding antigen 
E)  All of the choices are true statements concerning B lymphocyte-receptors.

Question 13

Which form of acquired immunity is the patient developing by having this infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active natural immunity 
B)  Passive natural immunity 
C)  Active artificial immunity 
D)  Passive artificial immunity 
A)  Active natural immunity 
B)  Passive natural immunity 
C)  Active artificial immunity 
D)  Passive artificial immunity

Question 14

Which of the following explanations correctly represents how this patient could have been protected from chickenpox infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  He would not have been infected if he were breastfed as a baby because he would have passive natural immunity. 
B)  He would not have been infected if his mother had gamma globulin administered during pregnancy because he would have passive artificial immunity. 
C)  He could have been protected from infection if he received active artificial immunity through the form of a vaccine. 
D)  He may have a primary immunodeficiency disease because healthy humans are not typically infected with chickenpox. 
A)  He would not have been infected if he were breastfed as a baby because he would have passive natural immunity. 
B)  He would not have been infected if his mother had gamma globulin administered during pregnancy because he would have passive artificial immunity. 
C)  He could have been protected from infection if he received active artificial immunity through the form of a vaccine. 
D)  He may have a primary immunodeficiency disease because healthy humans are not typically infected with chickenpox.

Question 15

When the patient's mother expresses concern about his sister being reinfected with chickenpox, what is the most appropriate response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Your concerns are valid, but his sister developed an active natural immunity to chickenpox because she has already been infected. 
B)  Your concerns are valid and there is a high likelihood that his sister will become infected again. We should probably administer the vaccine. 
C)  Your concerns are valid and there is no way to protect his sister from becoming reinfected except to keep her at least 15 feet from your son at all times. 
D)  Your concerns are valid and if his sister is reinfected, her symptoms will be less severe than her initial chickenpox infection. 
A)  Your concerns are valid, but his sister developed an active natural immunity to chickenpox because she has already been infected. 
B)  Your concerns are valid and there is a high likelihood that his sister will become infected again. We should probably administer the vaccine. 
C)  Your concerns are valid and there is no way to protect his sister from becoming reinfected except to keep her at least 15 feet from your son at all times. 
D)  Your concerns are valid and if his sister is reinfected, her symptoms will be less severe than her initial chickenpox infection.

Question 16

During which response to the antigen do we display a latent period of no secretory antibody synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary 
B)  Secondary 
C)  Tertiary 
D)  Quaternary 
E)  Memory response 
A)  Primary 
B)  Secondary 
C)  Tertiary 
D)  Quaternary 
E)  Memory response

Question 17

Antibodies directed to alloantigen from one organism often cross-react with an alloantigen from another organism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Antibody molecules circulate in lymph, blood, and tissue fluids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The immunoglobulin class that has an Fc region that binds to receptors on basophils and mast cells is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgA 
B)  IgD 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgG 
E)  IgM 
A)  IgA 
B)  IgD 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgG 
E)  IgM

Question 20

Which statement is true regarding lymphocyte specificity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic rearrangement in the DNA that codes for antigen receptors results in up to 10 trillion permutations in the variable regions of B- and T lymphocyte-receptors. 
B)  There is a different gene for every possible antigen that a lymphocyte may encounter. 
C)  B lymphocytes have specificity for a large number of different antigens, however T lymphocytes can recognize only 500 antigens corresponding to the number of gene segments that code for the antigen receptors. 
D)  B- and T cell-receptors are identical and both recognize up to 500 antigens corresponding to the gene segments that code for the antigen receptor variable regions. 
A)  Genetic rearrangement in the DNA that codes for antigen receptors results in up to 10 trillion permutations in the variable regions of B- and T lymphocyte-receptors. 
B)  There is a different gene for every possible antigen that a lymphocyte may encounter. 
C)  B lymphocytes have specificity for a large number of different antigens, however T lymphocytes can recognize only 500 antigens corresponding to the number of gene segments that code for the antigen receptors. 
D)  B- and T cell-receptors are identical and both recognize up to 500 antigens corresponding to the gene segments that code for the antigen receptor variable regions.

Exam 13: Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

An example of artificial active immunity would be ________.

After secreting antibodies during an immune response, plasma cells then differentiate into memory cells.

The importance of clonal deletion is that ________.

The immunoglobulins found on the surface of B cells are ________.

An example of natural active immunity would be ________.

The secondary response to an antigen is faster and bigger than the primary response.

Lymphocyte maturation involves ________.

The immunoglobulin class that has a dimer form found in mucus, saliva, colostrum, and other body secretions is ________.

The monomer subunit of immunoglobulin molecules has all the following except ________.

MHC molecules are found on each of the following cells except ________.

The most significant cells in graft rejection are ________.

A naive B lymphocyte has receptors bound to its surface that ________.

Which form of acquired immunity is the patient developing by having this infection?

Which of the following explanations correctly represents how this patient could have been protected from chickenpox infection?

When the patient's mother expresses concern about his sister being reinfected with chickenpox, what is the most appropriate response?

During which response to the antigen do we display a latent period of no secretory antibody synthesis?

Antibodies directed to alloantigen from one organism often cross-react with an alloantigen from another organism.

Antibody molecules circulate in lymph, blood, and tissue fluids.

The immunoglobulin class that has an Fc region that binds to receptors on basophils and mast cells is ________.

Which statement is true regarding lymphocyte specificity?

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, Humans, and Other Animals

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