Question 1

Superantigens are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  body tissues that the immune system mistakes as foreign 
B)  cell markers found in some member of a species but not in other members 
C)  bacterial toxins that activate T cells at a 100 times greater rate than other antigens 
D)  those that evoke allergic reactions 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  body tissues that the immune system mistakes as foreign 
B)  cell markers found in some member of a species but not in other members 
C)  bacterial toxins that activate T cells at a 100 times greater rate than other antigens 
D)  those that evoke allergic reactions 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 2

________ is the most abundant class of antibodies in serum.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG 
B)  IgM 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgD 
E)  IgE 
A)  IgG 
B)  IgM 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgD 
E)  IgE

Question 3

Which line(s) of defense has/have been breached in this patient's case?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only the first line of defense has been breached. Her second line of defense is fighting off this infection. 
B)  No lines of defense have been breached. Her intact barrier system is keeping her kidneys from becoming infected. 
C)  The second line of defense has been breached. Her lymphocytes are now being challenged by this infection. 
D)  There are no lines of defense for this sort of infection. 
A)  Only the first line of defense has been breached. Her second line of defense is fighting off this infection. 
B)  No lines of defense have been breached. Her intact barrier system is keeping her kidneys from becoming infected. 
C)  The second line of defense has been breached. Her lymphocytes are now being challenged by this infection. 
D)  There are no lines of defense for this sort of infection.

Question 4

What is the proper order of steps for B-cell activation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antigen binding, antigen processing/presentation, T helper cell cooperation/recognition, activation, differentiation, clonal expansion 
B)  Antigen processing/presentation, activation, differentiation, T helper cell cooperation/recognition, antigen binding, clonal expansion 
C)  Activation, clonal expansion, differentiation, antigen processing/presentation, T helper cell cooperation/recognition, antigen binding 
D)  Antigen binding, T helper cell cooperation/recognition, antigen processing/presentation, differentiation, activation, clonal expansion 
A)  Antigen binding, antigen processing/presentation, T helper cell cooperation/recognition, activation, differentiation, clonal expansion 
B)  Antigen processing/presentation, activation, differentiation, T helper cell cooperation/recognition, antigen binding, clonal expansion 
C)  Activation, clonal expansion, differentiation, antigen processing/presentation, T helper cell cooperation/recognition, antigen binding 
D)  Antigen binding, T helper cell cooperation/recognition, antigen processing/presentation, differentiation, activation, clonal expansion

Question 5

Live, attenuated vaccines ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  include the Sabin polio vaccine 
B)  include the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR) 
C)  contain viable microbes that can multiply in the person 
D)  require smaller doses and fewer boosters compared to inactivated vaccines 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  include the Sabin polio vaccine 
B)  include the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR) 
C)  contain viable microbes that can multiply in the person 
D)  require smaller doses and fewer boosters compared to inactivated vaccines 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Which lymphocytes lack specificity for antigen and are cells that attack cancer cells and virus-infected cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Helper T cells 
B)  Suppressor T cells 
C)  Cytotoxic T cells 
D)  Delayed hypersensitivity T cells 
E)  Natural killer (NK) cells 
A)  Helper T cells 
B)  Suppressor T cells 
C)  Cytotoxic T cells 
D)  Delayed hypersensitivity T cells 
E)  Natural killer (NK) cells

Question 7

Antigen-presenting cells ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  include dendritic cells 
B)  include macrophages 
C)  engulf and modify antigen to be more immunogenic 
D)  hold and present processed antigen on their cell membrane surface 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  include dendritic cells 
B)  include macrophages 
C)  engulf and modify antigen to be more immunogenic 
D)  hold and present processed antigen on their cell membrane surface 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

The major histocompatibility complex is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycoproteins, called MHC antigens, found on all body cells 
B)  a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins 
C)  found on the third chromosome 
D)  located in the thymus gland 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  glycoproteins, called MHC antigens, found on all body cells 
B)  a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins 
C)  found on the third chromosome 
D)  located in the thymus gland 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 9

The third line of defense can be summarized in four stages; I-antigen binding to T helper cells, II-antigen binding to B cells, III-phagocytosis of antigen by B and T lymphocytes, IV-killing of antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Following education from the RN, the parents decide to have their son vaccinated. Which of the following is the most important part of the family history to elicit?

Accepted Answer

A)  Incidence of autism 
B)  Food or drug allergies 
C)  Dairy sensitivity 
D)  Acute illness during pregnancy 
A)  Incidence of autism 
B)  Food or drug allergies 
C)  Dairy sensitivity 
D)  Acute illness during pregnancy

Question 11

The progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies 
B)  sensitized T cells 
C)  activated macrophages 
D)  plasma cells 
E)  bursa cells 
A)  antibodies 
B)  sensitized T cells 
C)  activated macrophages 
D)  plasma cells 
E)  bursa cells

Question 12

To exhibit high immunogenicity, an antigen would preferably________.

Accepted Answer

A)  originate in another organism 
B)  be large in size 
C)  have chemical complexity 
D)  have cell surface markers not recognized as self 
E)  All of the choices are features of a good antigen. 
A)  originate in another organism 
B)  be large in size 
C)  have chemical complexity 
D)  have cell surface markers not recognized as self 
E)  All of the choices are features of a good antigen.

Question 13

Each ________ fragment of an antibody molecule contains the variable regions of a heavy and light chain that folds into a groove for one epitope.

Accepted Answer

A)  variable 
B)  Fab 
C)  Fc 
D)  terminal 
E)  hinge 
A)  variable 
B)  Fab 
C)  Fc 
D)  terminal 
E)  hinge

Question 14

Cytotoxic T cells ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are directly activated by antigens 
B)  lack specificity for antigen. 
C)  secrete granzymes and perforins that damage target cells 
D)  secrete interleukin-2 to stimulate B and T cells 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  are directly activated by antigens 
B)  lack specificity for antigen. 
C)  secrete granzymes and perforins that damage target cells 
D)  secrete interleukin-2 to stimulate B and T cells 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Plasma cells ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  secrete antibodies 
B)  function in allergic reactions 
C)  directly destroy target cells 
D)  suppress immune reactions 
E)  activate B cells and other T cells 
A)  secrete antibodies 
B)  function in allergic reactions 
C)  directly destroy target cells 
D)  suppress immune reactions 
E)  activate B cells and other T cells

Question 16

Acellular vaccines and subunit vaccines ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contain modified bacterial exotoxin molecules 
B)  are always genetically engineered 
C)  contain select antigenic components of a pathogen rather than whole cells or viruses 
D)  confer passive immunity 
E)  utilize DNA strands that will produce the antigen 
A)  contain modified bacterial exotoxin molecules 
B)  are always genetically engineered 
C)  contain select antigenic components of a pathogen rather than whole cells or viruses 
D)  confer passive immunity 
E)  utilize DNA strands that will produce the antigen

Question 17

Herd immunity involves ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  maintaining a certain level of immunized individuals in a society to prevent a pathogen from circulating through the population 
B)  keeping bovine diseases to a minimum so they do not spread to the human population 
C)  encouraging individuals to work and live in close proximity to each other to prevent spread of a disease outside of a population 
D)  maintaining a 100% vaccination rate among farm workers to prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases 
A)  maintaining a certain level of immunized individuals in a society to prevent a pathogen from circulating through the population 
B)  keeping bovine diseases to a minimum so they do not spread to the human population 
C)  encouraging individuals to work and live in close proximity to each other to prevent spread of a disease outside of a population 
D)  maintaining a 100% vaccination rate among farm workers to prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases

Question 18

Destruction of lymphocytes with self specificity is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  clonal deletion 
B)  proliferation 
C)  clonal selection 
D)  differentiation 
E)  hypersensitivity 
A)  clonal deletion 
B)  proliferation 
C)  clonal selection 
D)  differentiation 
E)  hypersensitivity

Question 19

What process provides many B cells and T cells that are activated against specific antigens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antigen expression 
B)  Antibody production 
C)  Clonal expansion 
D)  Antigen presentation 
E)  Opsonization 
A)  Antigen expression 
B)  Antibody production 
C)  Clonal expansion 
D)  Antigen presentation 
E)  Opsonization

Question 20

Which of the statements below represents the correct order in the development of an immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Development and clonal deletion; antigen presentation; lymphocyte challenge; lymphocyte response 
B)  Antigen presentation; development and clonal deletion; lymphocyte challenge; lymphocyte response 
C)  Lymphocyte challenge; antigen presentation; development and clonal deletion; lymphocyte response 
D)  Development and clonal deletion; lymphocyte challenge; antigen presentation; lymphocyte response 
A)  Development and clonal deletion; antigen presentation; lymphocyte challenge; lymphocyte response 
B)  Antigen presentation; development and clonal deletion; lymphocyte challenge; lymphocyte response 
C)  Lymphocyte challenge; antigen presentation; development and clonal deletion; lymphocyte response 
D)  Development and clonal deletion; lymphocyte challenge; antigen presentation; lymphocyte response

Exam 13: Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Superantigens are ________.

________ is the most abundant class of antibodies in serum.

Which line(s) of defense has/have been breached in this patient's case?

What is the proper order of steps for B-cell activation?

Live, attenuated vaccines ________.

Which lymphocytes lack specificity for antigen and are cells that attack cancer cells and virus-infected cells?

Antigen-presenting cells ________.

The major histocompatibility complex is ________.

The third line of defense can be summarized in four stages; I-antigen binding to T helper cells, II-antigen binding to B cells, III-phagocytosis of antigen by B and T lymphocytes, IV-killing of antigen.

Following education from the RN, the parents decide to have their son vaccinated. Which of the following is the most important part of the family history to elicit?

The progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called ________.

To exhibit high immunogenicity, an antigen would preferably________.

Each ________ fragment of an antibody molecule contains the variable regions of a heavy and light chain that folds into a groove for one epitope.

Cytotoxic T cells ________.

Plasma cells ________.

Acellular vaccines and subunit vaccines ________.

Herd immunity involves ________.

Destruction of lymphocytes with self specificity is called ________.

What process provides many B cells and T cells that are activated against specific antigens?

Which of the statements below represents the correct order in the development of an immune response?

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, Humans, and Other Animals

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