Question 1

The benefit of specific immunity is the production of ________ that provide long-lasting protection.

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies 
B)  plasma cells 
C)  T helper cells 
D)  memory cells 
E)  phagocytotic cells 
A)  antibodies 
B)  plasma cells 
C)  T helper cells 
D)  memory cells 
E)  phagocytotic cells

Question 2

Lymphocytes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  possess MHC antigens for recognizing self 
B)  have membrane receptors that recognize foreign antigens 
C)  gain tolerance to self by destruction of lymphocytes that could react against self 
D)  develop into clones of B and T cells with extreme variations of specificity 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  possess MHC antigens for recognizing self 
B)  have membrane receptors that recognize foreign antigens 
C)  gain tolerance to self by destruction of lymphocytes that could react against self 
D)  develop into clones of B and T cells with extreme variations of specificity 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 3

The diversity and specificity of the lymphocyte repertoire against any potential antigen it may encounter is due to the rearrangement of gene segments that code for the antigen receptors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Antigens that elicit allergic reactions are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  superantigens 
B)  heterophilic antigens 
C)  allergens 
D)  autoantigens 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  superantigens 
B)  heterophilic antigens 
C)  allergens 
D)  autoantigens 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Vaccinating a child against a dangerous pathogen not only protects that child from disease, but it also protects society as a whole, since herd immunity in the population is maintained.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Human B lymphocytes mature in an intestinal region called the bursa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What kind of immunity will be conferred to the infant through vaccination?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active natural immunity 
B)  Passive natural immunity 
C)  Passive artificial immunity 
D)  Active artificial immunity 
A)  Active natural immunity 
B)  Passive natural immunity 
C)  Passive artificial immunity 
D)  Active artificial immunity

Question 8

Immunotherapy is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  use of antitoxins 
B)  use of immune serum globulin 
C)  conferring of passive immunity 
D)  administering of preformed antibodies 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  use of antitoxins 
B)  use of immune serum globulin 
C)  conferring of passive immunity 
D)  administering of preformed antibodies 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Gamma-delta T cells ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are considered a bridge between nonspecific and specific immune responses 
B)  have T cell-receptors that target a wide range of antigens 
C)  can bind to, and become activated by PAMPs 
D)  differentiate into memory cells 
E)  All of the choices are true. 
A)  are considered a bridge between nonspecific and specific immune responses 
B)  have T cell-receptors that target a wide range of antigens 
C)  can bind to, and become activated by PAMPs 
D)  differentiate into memory cells 
E)  All of the choices are true.

Question 10

Which immunoglobulin class(es) can fix complement?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgM only 
B)  IgG only 
C)  IgD only 
D)  IgM and IgG 
E)  IgE and IgA 
A)  IgM only 
B)  IgG only 
C)  IgD only 
D)  IgM and IgG 
E)  IgE and IgA

Question 11

The region of each antibody molecule where amino acid composition is highly varied from one clone of B lymphocytes to another is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  variable region 
B)  joining region 
C)  constant region 
D)  light region 
E)  hinge region 
A)  variable region 
B)  joining region 
C)  constant region 
D)  light region 
E)  hinge region

Question 12

Which of the following is not a property of B cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Produce plasma cells and memory cells 
B)  Low numbers circulating in the blood 
C)  Require antigen presented with MHC proteins 
D)  Receptors called immunoglobins 
E)  Mature in the bone marrow 
A)  Produce plasma cells and memory cells 
B)  Low numbers circulating in the blood 
C)  Require antigen presented with MHC proteins 
D)  Receptors called immunoglobins 
E)  Mature in the bone marrow

Question 13

The parents are concerned when they hear that vaccines consist of whole microbes, even if they have been inactivated. They state that they do not want whole bacteria being put into their son. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacteria is inactive, so there's no risk of it harming your son. 
B)  The chances of the bacteria infecting your son are very slim. 
C)  Currently available vaccines have do not contain whole bacteria. 
D)  Vaccines are refrigerated and the cold inhibits mutations. 
A)  The bacteria is inactive, so there's no risk of it harming your son. 
B)  The chances of the bacteria infecting your son are very slim. 
C)  Currently available vaccines have do not contain whole bacteria. 
D)  Vaccines are refrigerated and the cold inhibits mutations.

Question 14

Which process involves a more rapid synthesis and greatly increased titer of antibody when the immune system is subsequently exposed to the same antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neutralization 
B)  Opsonization 
C)  Complement fixation 
D)  Agglutination 
E)  Memory response 
A)  Neutralization 
B)  Opsonization 
C)  Complement fixation 
D)  Agglutination 
E)  Memory response

Question 15

Which process involves antibodies coating microorganisms in order to facilitate phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neutralization 
B)  Opsonization 
C)  Complement fixation 
D)  Agglutination 
E)  Anamnestic response 
A)  Neutralization 
B)  Opsonization 
C)  Complement fixation 
D)  Agglutination 
E)  Anamnestic response

Question 16

Edward Jenner's work involved ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  inoculation of dried pus from smallpox pustules into a person to stimulate immunity 
B)  development of passive immunotherapy 
C)  development of an immunization to protect people against cowpox 
D)  immunization using a related, less pathogenic organism to give protection against a more pathogenic one 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  inoculation of dried pus from smallpox pustules into a person to stimulate immunity 
B)  development of passive immunotherapy 
C)  development of an immunization to protect people against cowpox 
D)  immunization using a related, less pathogenic organism to give protection against a more pathogenic one 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Properties of effective antigens include all the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are foreign to the immune system 
B)  have molecular complexity 
C)  are large molecules with a minimum molecular weight of 1,000 
D)  have large polymers made up of repeating subunits 
E)  are cells or large, complex molecules 
A)  are foreign to the immune system 
B)  have molecular complexity 
C)  are large molecules with a minimum molecular weight of 1,000 
D)  have large polymers made up of repeating subunits 
E)  are cells or large, complex molecules

Question 18

Antitoxins ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contain modified bacterial exotoxin molecules 
B)  are always genetically engineered 
C)  contain select antigenic components of a pathogen rather than whole cells or viruses 
D)  confer passive immunity 
E)  utilize DNA strands that will produce the antigen 
A)  contain modified bacterial exotoxin molecules 
B)  are always genetically engineered 
C)  contain select antigenic components of a pathogen rather than whole cells or viruses 
D)  confer passive immunity 
E)  utilize DNA strands that will produce the antigen

Question 19

The structural and functional differences that distinguish immunoglobulin isotypes are due to variations associated with their Fc fragments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

To be an effective antigen, a molecule would ideally be small, and consist of repeating units with similar structure, such as a trisaccharide.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 13: Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

The benefit of specific immunity is the production of ________ that provide long-lasting protection.

Lymphocytes ________.

The diversity and specificity of the lymphocyte repertoire against any potential antigen it may encounter is due to the rearrangement of gene segments that code for the antigen receptors.

Antigens that elicit allergic reactions are called ________.

Vaccinating a child against a dangerous pathogen not only protects that child from disease, but it also protects society as a whole, since herd immunity in the population is maintained.

Human B lymphocytes mature in an intestinal region called the bursa.

What kind of immunity will be conferred to the infant through vaccination?

Immunotherapy is the ________.

Gamma-delta T cells ________.

Which immunoglobulin class(es) can fix complement?

The region of each antibody molecule where amino acid composition is highly varied from one clone of B lymphocytes to another is the ________.

Which of the following is not a property of B cells?

The parents are concerned when they hear that vaccines consist of whole microbes, even if they have been inactivated. They state that they do not want whole bacteria being put into their son. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

Which process involves a more rapid synthesis and greatly increased titer of antibody when the immune system is subsequently exposed to the same antigen?

Which process involves antibodies coating microorganisms in order to facilitate phagocytosis?

Edward Jenner's work involved ________.

Properties of effective antigens include all the following except ________.

Antitoxins ________.

The structural and functional differences that distinguish immunoglobulin isotypes are due to variations associated with their Fc fragments.

To be an effective antigen, a molecule would ideally be small, and consist of repeating units with similar structure, such as a trisaccharide.

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, Humans, and Other Animals

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