Question 1

The molecular fragment on an antigen molecule that a lymphocyte recognizes and responds to is called a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  epitope 
B)  hapten 
C)  antigen binding site 
D)  variable region 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  epitope 
B)  hapten 
C)  antigen binding site 
D)  variable region 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 2

In addition to dendritic cells and macrophages, B cells can also act as antigen-presenting cells. This occurs when ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the antigen is a molecule with a simple, repeating structure and evokes an immune response as a T-cell-independent antigen 
B)  the B cell engulfs the antigen and presents it to the T helper cell 
C)  the B cell engulfs the antigen and presents it to the T cytotoxic cell 
D)  the antigen binds to the B cell and after processing, it is presented to the dendritic cells and macrophages 
A)  the antigen is a molecule with a simple, repeating structure and evokes an immune response as a T-cell-independent antigen 
B)  the B cell engulfs the antigen and presents it to the T helper cell 
C)  the B cell engulfs the antigen and presents it to the T cytotoxic cell 
D)  the antigen binds to the B cell and after processing, it is presented to the dendritic cells and macrophages

Question 3

Which of the following statements is not true concerning vaccines?

Accepted Answer

A)  They consist of killed or inactivated cells. 
B)  They consist of live but weakened microbes. 
C)  It is possible to be allergic to vaccine preparations. 
D)  Autism only happens in rare instances of vaccination. 
A)  They consist of killed or inactivated cells. 
B)  They consist of live but weakened microbes. 
C)  It is possible to be allergic to vaccine preparations. 
D)  Autism only happens in rare instances of vaccination.

Question 4

High titers of specific antibodies are components of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  specific immune globulin (SIG) 
B)  gamma globulin 
C)  immune serum globulin (ISG) 
D)  attenuated vaccines 
E)  toxoids 
A)  specific immune globulin (SIG) 
B)  gamma globulin 
C)  immune serum globulin (ISG) 
D)  attenuated vaccines 
E)  toxoids

Question 5

Cell surface markers involved in immune reactions ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are the result of genetic expression 
B)  function in recognition of self molecules 
C)  receive and transmit chemical messages among other cells of the system 
D)  aid in cellular development 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  are the result of genetic expression 
B)  function in recognition of self molecules 
C)  receive and transmit chemical messages among other cells of the system 
D)  aid in cellular development 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Gamma-delta T cells differ from other T cells in that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  they can be directly activated by PAMPs, whereas other T cells have to be presented with the antigen in conjunction with an MHC molecule on an antigen-presenting cell 
B)  they do not have T cell-receptors to bind to antigens 
C)  they do not produce memory cells, unlike the T helper and T cytotoxic cells 
D)  they can react against cancer cells, whereas the other T cells can only target bacteria and viral-infected cells 
A)  they can be directly activated by PAMPs, whereas other T cells have to be presented with the antigen in conjunction with an MHC molecule on an antigen-presenting cell 
B)  they do not have T cell-receptors to bind to antigens 
C)  they do not produce memory cells, unlike the T helper and T cytotoxic cells 
D)  they can react against cancer cells, whereas the other T cells can only target bacteria and viral-infected cells

Question 7

Clonal selection can be stimulated by foreign or self antigens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

An activated TH cell produces ________, which is a growth factor for T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  interleukin-1 
B)  interleukin-2 
C)  interleukin-12 
D)  antiserum 
E)  complement 
A)  interleukin-1 
B)  interleukin-2 
C)  interleukin-12 
D)  antiserum 
E)  complement

Question 9

What are the risks to society when herd immunity is not maintained?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreasing antibody titers in individuals require booster shots which restricts the number of available vaccines. 
B)  Cattle become increasingly more susceptible to dangerous pathogens, which can spread to humans. 
C)  Dangerous pathogens can reemerge and outbreaks of diseases may develop. 
D)  There are no risks to society when herd immunity is not maintained; it is a precautionary measure only. 
A)  Decreasing antibody titers in individuals require booster shots which restricts the number of available vaccines. 
B)  Cattle become increasingly more susceptible to dangerous pathogens, which can spread to humans. 
C)  Dangerous pathogens can reemerge and outbreaks of diseases may develop. 
D)  There are no risks to society when herd immunity is not maintained; it is a precautionary measure only.

Question 10

The histocompatibility complex proteins function in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition of self 
B)  antibody proliferation 
C)  B-cell maturation 
D)  T-cell maturation 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  recognition of self 
B)  antibody proliferation 
C)  B-cell maturation 
D)  T-cell maturation 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Which part of the IgG molecule will bind with the E. coli antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fab 
B)  Fc 
C)  Complement binding site 
D)  Cellular binding site 
A)  Fab 
B)  Fc 
C)  Complement binding site 
D)  Cellular binding site

Question 12

All of the following are characteristics of IgM except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  has 10 antigen binding sites 
B)  contains a central J chain 
C)  is the first class synthesized by a plasma cell 
D)  can serve as a B-cell receptor 
E)  is a dimer 
A)  has 10 antigen binding sites 
B)  contains a central J chain 
C)  is the first class synthesized by a plasma cell 
D)  can serve as a B-cell receptor 
E)  is a dimer

Question 13

Killed or inactivated vaccines are prepared by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  removal of virulence genes from the microbe 
B)  treatment with formalin, heat, or radiation 
C)  passage of the pathogen through unnatural hosts or tissue culture 
D)  long-term subculturing of the microbe 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  removal of virulence genes from the microbe 
B)  treatment with formalin, heat, or radiation 
C)  passage of the pathogen through unnatural hosts or tissue culture 
D)  long-term subculturing of the microbe 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

An example of natural passive immunity would be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  chickenpox infection followed by lifelong immunity 
B)  chickenpox vaccine which triggers extended immunity to chickenpox 
C)  giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease 
D)  a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  chickenpox infection followed by lifelong immunity 
B)  chickenpox vaccine which triggers extended immunity to chickenpox 
C)  giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease 
D)  a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 15

One plasma cell will secrete antibodies of various classes but the antibodies will all have the same specificity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

B cell-receptors differ from T cell-receptors in that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  B cell-receptors are comprised of four polypeptides, whereas T cell-receptors are made up of two polypeptides 
B)  B cell-receptors are immunoglobulins similar to those that are secreted, whereas T cell-receptors are not immunoglobulins and are never secreted 
C)  T cell-receptors are much smaller than B cell-receptors 
D)  All of the choices reflect differences between B cell- and T cell-receptors. 
A)  B cell-receptors are comprised of four polypeptides, whereas T cell-receptors are made up of two polypeptides 
B)  B cell-receptors are immunoglobulins similar to those that are secreted, whereas T cell-receptors are not immunoglobulins and are never secreted 
C)  T cell-receptors are much smaller than B cell-receptors 
D)  All of the choices reflect differences between B cell- and T cell-receptors.

Question 17

B cell-receptors are similar to T cell-receptors in that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  both receptors are similar in size 
B)  both receptors have a variable and a constant region 
C)  both receptors can be secreted in response to antigen 
D)  both receptors are comprised of four polypeptide chains 
E)  All of the choices reflect similarities between B cell- and T cell-receptors. 
A)  both receptors are similar in size 
B)  both receptors have a variable and a constant region 
C)  both receptors can be secreted in response to antigen 
D)  both receptors are comprised of four polypeptide chains 
E)  All of the choices reflect similarities between B cell- and T cell-receptors.

Question 18

A foreign molecule that causes a specific immune response is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  PAMP 
B)  marker 
C)  hapten 
D)  antibody 
E)  antigen 
A)  PAMP 
B)  marker 
C)  hapten 
D)  antibody 
E)  antigen

Question 19

T-cell response to T-cell-dependent antigens requires ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  typically a protein antigen 
B)  binding of T-cell to a class II MHC receptor on a macrophage 
C)  binding of T-cell to a site on the antigen 
D)  interleukin-1 activating the T helper cell 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  typically a protein antigen 
B)  binding of T-cell to a class II MHC receptor on a macrophage 
C)  binding of T-cell to a site on the antigen 
D)  interleukin-1 activating the T helper cell 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Which process involves antibodies covering surface receptors on a virus or toxin molecule thereby disrupting their activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neutralization 
B)  Opsonization 
C)  Complement fixation 
D)  Agglutination 
E)  Anamnestic response 
A)  Neutralization 
B)  Opsonization 
C)  Complement fixation 
D)  Agglutination 
E)  Anamnestic response

Exam 13: Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

The molecular fragment on an antigen molecule that a lymphocyte recognizes and responds to is called a(n) ________.

In addition to dendritic cells and macrophages, B cells can also act as antigen-presenting cells. This occurs when ________.

Which of the following statements is not true concerning vaccines?

High titers of specific antibodies are components of ________.

Cell surface markers involved in immune reactions ________.

Gamma-delta T cells differ from other T cells in that ________.

Clonal selection can be stimulated by foreign or self antigens.

An activated TH cell produces ________, which is a growth factor for T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells.

What are the risks to society when herd immunity is not maintained?

The histocompatibility complex proteins function in ________.

Which part of the IgG molecule will bind with the E. coli antigen?

All of the following are characteristics of IgM except ________.

Killed or inactivated vaccines are prepared by ________.

An example of natural passive immunity would be ________.

One plasma cell will secrete antibodies of various classes but the antibodies will all have the same specificity.

B cell-receptors differ from T cell-receptors in that ________.

B cell-receptors are similar to T cell-receptors in that ________.

A foreign molecule that causes a specific immune response is a(n) ________.

T-cell response to T-cell-dependent antigens requires ________.

Which process involves antibodies covering surface receptors on a virus or toxin molecule thereby disrupting their activity?

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, Humans, and Other Animals

Filters

An activated T_H cell produces ________, which is a growth factor for T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells.