Question 1

Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which statement below characterizes the action of interferon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interferon, produced by a host cell in response to viral attack, is secreted and enters neighboring cells, stimulating the production of antiviral proteins in anticipation of an invasion. 
B)  Interferon stimulates the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature, increasing metabolism and preventing the growth of temperature-sensitive pathogens. 
C)  Interferon comprises a team of blood proteins that are activated in a cascade, ultimately leading to pathogen cytolysis, inflammation and enhanced phagocytosis. 
D)  Interferon binds to cell surfaces and induces changes in genetic expression, eliminating not only pathogens, but cancer cells also. 
A)  Interferon, produced by a host cell in response to viral attack, is secreted and enters neighboring cells, stimulating the production of antiviral proteins in anticipation of an invasion. 
B)  Interferon stimulates the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature, increasing metabolism and preventing the growth of temperature-sensitive pathogens. 
C)  Interferon comprises a team of blood proteins that are activated in a cascade, ultimately leading to pathogen cytolysis, inflammation and enhanced phagocytosis. 
D)  Interferon binds to cell surfaces and induces changes in genetic expression, eliminating not only pathogens, but cancer cells also.

Question 3

________ function in humoral immunity, while ________ function in cell-mediated immunity.

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells; T cells 
B)  T cells; B cells 
C)  monocytes; basophils 
D)  basophils; T cells 
E)  B cells; neutrophils 
A)  B cells; T cells 
B)  T cells; B cells 
C)  monocytes; basophils 
D)  basophils; T cells 
E)  B cells; neutrophils

Question 4

Following teaching by the medical team, the patient asks "can I just do my airway clearance exercises when I am not feeling well and on the weekends, even though the doctor tells me I have to do them every day?" What is a correct response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is okay to skip your airway clearance if you are not feeling sick as long as you are compliant on the weekends. 
B)  Your body does not have the ability to protect itself because of its damaged immunity so you must do airway clearance regularly. 
C)  As long as you perform airway clearance twice as often when you start to feel sick, you will make up the difference. 
D)  Your airway clearance activities can be performed at your convenience. 
A)  It is okay to skip your airway clearance if you are not feeling sick as long as you are compliant on the weekends. 
B)  Your body does not have the ability to protect itself because of its damaged immunity so you must do airway clearance regularly. 
C)  As long as you perform airway clearance twice as often when you start to feel sick, you will make up the difference. 
D)  Your airway clearance activities can be performed at your convenience.

Question 5

Which of the following is in the correct order from greatest to least phagocytic activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages 
B)  Neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils 
C)  Eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils 
D)  Macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils 
E)  Macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils 
A)  Neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages 
B)  Neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils 
C)  Eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils 
D)  Macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils 
E)  Macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils

Question 6

Which of the following lymphoid organs or tissues has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymph nodes 
B)  Thymus 
C)  Spleen 
D)  GALT 
E)  Tonsils 
A)  Lymph nodes 
B)  Thymus 
C)  Spleen 
D)  GALT 
E)  Tonsils

Question 7

Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen peroxide 
B)  Nitric oxide 
C)  Lactic acid 
D)  Superoxide anion 
E)  All of these are used. 
A)  Hydrogen peroxide 
B)  Nitric oxide 
C)  Lactic acid 
D)  Superoxide anion 
E)  All of these are used.

Question 8

Which white blood cells comprise 3% to 7% of circulating WBCs, are phagocytic, and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Basophils 
B)  Eosinophils 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Monocytes 
E)  Lymphocytes 
A)  Basophils 
B)  Eosinophils 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Monocytes 
E)  Lymphocytes

Question 9

The production of interferon will protect the host cell from a viral infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

At this phase of injury, how would the nurse expect the area surrounding the laceration to present?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cool and blue 
B)  Pink, warm, and dry 
C)  Red and hot 
D)  Dusky, gray, and clammy 
A)  Cool and blue 
B)  Pink, warm, and dry 
C)  Red and hot 
D)  Dusky, gray, and clammy

Question 11

During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A person will typically experience the sensation of ________ when fever is starting to occur in the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  heat 
B)  pain 
C)  chills 
D)  sweat 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  heat 
B)  pain 
C)  chills 
D)  sweat 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Hematopoiesis is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of blood due to hemorrhaging 
B)  production of only red blood cells 
C)  production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets 
D)  plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding 
E)  migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues 
A)  loss of blood due to hemorrhaging 
B)  production of only red blood cells 
C)  production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets 
D)  plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding 
E)  migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues

Question 14

Inflammation, fever, phagocytosis, and antimicrobial molecules are considered innate because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  they are not antigen-specific; they contribute to host defenses regardless of the source of activation 
B)  they are activated only if the system has encountered the antigen previously 
C)  they are physical barriers that block the binding of pathogens to host tissues 
D)  they operate independently of the first line of defense and the B and T lymphocytes in the third line of defense 
A)  they are not antigen-specific; they contribute to host defenses regardless of the source of activation 
B)  they are activated only if the system has encountered the antigen previously 
C)  they are physical barriers that block the binding of pathogens to host tissues 
D)  they operate independently of the first line of defense and the B and T lymphocytes in the third line of defense

Question 15

The blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme, and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  basophils 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  neutrophils 
D)  monocytes 
E)  lymphocytes 
A)  basophils 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  neutrophils 
D)  monocytes 
E)  lymphocytes

Question 16

Overuse of disinfectants and antiseptics, as well as antibiotics, can result in inflammatory diseases stemming from an inadequate microbiome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Monocytes and lymphocytes are agranular leukocytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Leukocytes that are derived from monocytes and have long, thin processes to trap pathogens are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dendritic cells 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  macrophages 
D)  platelets 
E)  mast cells 
A)  dendritic cells 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  macrophages 
D)  platelets 
E)  mast cells

Question 19

Complement proteins are produced by the spleen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Endotoxin is an exogenous pyrogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.

Which statement below characterizes the action of interferon?

________ function in humoral immunity, while ________ function in cell-mediated immunity.

Following teaching by the medical team, the patient asks "can I just do my airway clearance exercises when I am not feeling well and on the weekends, even though the doctor tells me I have to do them every day?" What is a correct response by the nurse?

Which of the following is in the correct order from greatest to least phagocytic activity?

Which of the following lymphoid organs or tissues has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood?

Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances?

Which white blood cells comprise 3% to 7% of circulating WBCs, are phagocytic, and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages?

The production of interferon will protect the host cell from a viral infection.

At this phase of injury, how would the nurse expect the area surrounding the laceration to present?

During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

A person will typically experience the sensation of ________ when fever is starting to occur in the body.

Hematopoiesis is the ________.

Inflammation, fever, phagocytosis, and antimicrobial molecules are considered innate because ________.

The blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme, and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are ________.

Overuse of disinfectants and antiseptics, as well as antibiotics, can result in inflammatory diseases stemming from an inadequate microbiome.

Monocytes and lymphocytes are agranular leukocytes.

Leukocytes that are derived from monocytes and have long, thin processes to trap pathogens are ________.

Complement proteins are produced by the spleen.

Endotoxin is an exogenous pyrogen.

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, Humans, and Other Animals

Filters

function in humoral immunity, while function in cell-mediated immunity.