Question 1

Diapedesis is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of blood due to hemorrhaging 
B)  production of only red blood cells 
C)  production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets 
D)  plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding 
E)  migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues 
A)  loss of blood due to hemorrhaging 
B)  production of only red blood cells 
C)  production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets 
D)  plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding 
E)  migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues

Question 2

The patient's mother expresses concern about her daughter's fevers. She states that the fevers are a sign that her child is unable to fight this infection. What is a proper response to these concerns?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is impossible to determine exactly why she is having these fevers. Doctors call this a fever of unknown origin. 
B)  Fevers are a natural response by the body to help fight infection. 
C)  These fevers are very dangerous, and you have strong reason for concern. 
D)  High fever could be a sign of a tumor of the hypothalamus. 
A)  It is impossible to determine exactly why she is having these fevers. Doctors call this a fever of unknown origin. 
B)  Fevers are a natural response by the body to help fight infection. 
C)  These fevers are very dangerous, and you have strong reason for concern. 
D)  High fever could be a sign of a tumor of the hypothalamus.

Question 3

What is the most likely cause of the patient's swollen tonsils?

Accepted Answer

A)  Her intense cough caused rupture of the tonsils, and swelling is part of the normal wound-healing process. 
B)  Tonsils consist of lymphatic tissue, and became swollen by filtering out microbes and their toxic products. 
C)  She is dehydrated from poor fluid intake, so the tonsils are retaining fluid. 
D)  Tonsils are sensitive to stimulation, so they became swollen from her constant coughing. 
A)  Her intense cough caused rupture of the tonsils, and swelling is part of the normal wound-healing process. 
B)  Tonsils consist of lymphatic tissue, and became swollen by filtering out microbes and their toxic products. 
C)  She is dehydrated from poor fluid intake, so the tonsils are retaining fluid. 
D)  Tonsils are sensitive to stimulation, so they became swollen from her constant coughing.

Question 4

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lactic acid 
B)  hydrochloric acid 
C)  lysozyme 
D)  histamine 
E)  bile 
A)  lactic acid 
B)  hydrochloric acid 
C)  lysozyme 
D)  histamine 
E)  bile

Question 5

Nonspecific chemical defenses include ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lysozyme 
B)  lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat 
C)  skin's acidic pH and fatty acids 
D)  stomach hydrochloric acid 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  lysozyme 
B)  lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat 
C)  skin's acidic pH and fatty acids 
D)  stomach hydrochloric acid 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Each of the following is involved in the migration of white blood cells except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  chemotaxis 
B)  diapedesis 
C)  motility 
D)  vasodilation 
E)  phagocytosis 
A)  chemotaxis 
B)  diapedesis 
C)  motility 
D)  vasodilation 
E)  phagocytosis

Question 7

What is the natural progression of healing for this wound?

Accepted Answer

A)  Injury, vascular reactions, secondary injury, scar formation 
B)  Injury, edema/pus formation, vascular reactions, scar formation 
C)  Injury, edema/pus formation, scar formation, exudative leaking 
D)  Injury, vascular reactions, edema/pus formation, scar formation 
A)  Injury, vascular reactions, secondary injury, scar formation 
B)  Injury, edema/pus formation, vascular reactions, scar formation 
C)  Injury, edema/pus formation, scar formation, exudative leaking 
D)  Injury, vascular reactions, edema/pus formation, scar formation

Question 8

The patient states, "There has to be a way for me to reduce this swelling. There is no way this can be good for me because it is so uncomfortable." Which of the following statements by the nurse is not an appropriate response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Swelling helps trap foreign microbes to prevent them from getting into your main circulation. 
B)  Inflammation is a sign that your immune system is fighting the effects of your skin barrier being broken. 
C)  The influx of fluid into the area is helping to dilute toxins. 
D)  Swelling is a result of your bones responding to the influx of calcium-fighting toxins. 
A)  Swelling helps trap foreign microbes to prevent them from getting into your main circulation. 
B)  Inflammation is a sign that your immune system is fighting the effects of your skin barrier being broken. 
C)  The influx of fluid into the area is helping to dilute toxins. 
D)  Swelling is a result of your bones responding to the influx of calcium-fighting toxins.

Question 9

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  initiation of the cascade 
B)  production of inflammatory cytokines 
C)  a ring-shaped protein that digests holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes 
D)  cleaving of C3 to yield C3a and C3b 
E)  C1q binding to surface receptors on a membrane 
A)  initiation of the cascade 
B)  production of inflammatory cytokines 
C)  a ring-shaped protein that digests holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes 
D)  cleaving of C3 to yield C3a and C3b 
E)  C1q binding to surface receptors on a membrane

Question 10

The nurse examines the child and finds that the lymph nodes along of her neck are warm, tender, and slightly enlarged. Her other lymph nodes are nonpalpable or small, nontender, rubbery, and less than 2 mm in size. What is the most accurate interpretation of this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  This is a normal examination of the posterior cervical chain lymph nodes. 
B)  This examination is consistent with a systemic infection. 
C)  This examination is consistent with a localized infection. 
D)  This examination is definitive for an oncologic diagnosis. 
A)  This is a normal examination of the posterior cervical chain lymph nodes. 
B)  This examination is consistent with a systemic infection. 
C)  This examination is consistent with a localized infection. 
D)  This examination is definitive for an oncologic diagnosis.

Question 11

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  complement 
B)  interferons 
C)  leukotrines 
D)  pyrogens 
E)  lysozymes 
A)  complement 
B)  interferons 
C)  leukotrines 
D)  pyrogens 
E)  lysozymes

Question 12

During inflammation, a high neutrophil count is a common sign of bacterial infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Immune system cells differentiate between self and foreign cells by their ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cell walls 
B)  biota 
C)  markers 
D)  skin 
E)  cell processes 
A)  cell walls 
B)  biota 
C)  markers 
D)  skin 
E)  cell processes

Diapedesis is the ________.

The patient's mother expresses concern about her daughter's fevers. She states that the fevers are a sign that her child is unable to fight this infection. What is a proper response to these concerns?

What is the most likely cause of the patient's swollen tonsils?

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is ________.

Nonspecific chemical defenses include ________.

Each of the following is involved in the migration of white blood cells except ________.

What is the natural progression of healing for this wound?

The patient states, "There has to be a way for me to reduce this swelling. There is no way this can be good for me because it is so uncomfortable." Which of the following statements by the nurse is not an appropriate response?

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves ________.

The nurse examines the child and finds that the lymph nodes along of her neck are warm, tender, and slightly enlarged. Her other lymph nodes are nonpalpable or small, nontender, rubbery, and less than 2 mm in size. What is the most accurate interpretation of this finding?

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are ________.

During inflammation, a high neutrophil count is a common sign of bacterial infection.

Immune system cells differentiate between self and foreign cells by their ________.

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, Humans, and Other Animals

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Exam 12: Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Diapedesis is the ________.

The patient's mother expresses concern about her daughter's fevers. She states that the fevers are a sign that her child is unable to fight this infection. What is a proper response to these concerns?

What is the most likely cause of the patient's swollen tonsils?

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is ________.

Nonspecific chemical defenses include ________.

Each of the following is involved in the migration of white blood cells except ________.

What is the natural progression of healing for this wound?

The patient states, "There has to be a way for me to reduce this swelling. There is no way this can be good for me because it is so uncomfortable." Which of the following statements by the nurse is not an appropriate response?

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves ________.

The nurse examines the child and finds that the lymph nodes along of her neck are warm, tender, and slightly enlarged. Her other lymph nodes are nonpalpable or small, nontender, rubbery, and less than 2 mm in size. What is the most accurate interpretation of this finding?

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are ________.

During inflammation, a high neutrophil count is a common sign of bacterial infection.

Immune system cells differentiate between self and foreign cells by their ________.

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, Humans, and Other Animals

Filters