Question 1

Which of the following is not a type of phagocyte?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neutrophil 
B)  Macrophage 
C)  Kupffer cell 
D)  Monocyte 
E)  Lymphocyte 
A)  Neutrophil 
B)  Macrophage 
C)  Kupffer cell 
D)  Monocyte 
E)  Lymphocyte

Question 2

Cytokines mediate a variety of processes in the immune system, for example, ________ encourages inflammatory responses and ________ suppresses the actions of immune cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  TNF-β; IL-10 
B)  IL-10; TNF-β 
C)  erythropoietin; TNF-β 
D)  seratonin; histamine 
E)  IL-10; IL-7 
A)  TNF-β; IL-10 
B)  IL-10; TNF-β 
C)  erythropoietin; TNF-β 
D)  seratonin; histamine 
E)  IL-10; IL-7

Question 3

Which of the following is not a chief function of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Start tissue repair 
B)  Destroy microbes 
C)  Mobilize and attract immune components to injury site 
D)  Block further invasion 
E)  Cause a fever 
A)  Start tissue repair 
B)  Destroy microbes 
C)  Mobilize and attract immune components to injury site 
D)  Block further invasion 
E)  Cause a fever

Question 4

A properly functioning immune system is responsible for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  surveillance of the body 
B)  recognition of foreign material 
C)  destruction of foreign material 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  Only recognition of foreign material and destruction of foreign material are correct. 
A)  surveillance of the body 
B)  recognition of foreign material 
C)  destruction of foreign material 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  Only recognition of foreign material and destruction of foreign material are correct.

Question 5

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called ________ because they have prominent cytoplasmic inclusions that, in a stained blood smear, appear with identifying, characteristic colors.

Accepted Answer

A)  leukocytes 
B)  granulocytes 
C)  agranulocytes 
D)  monocytes 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  leukocytes 
B)  granulocytes 
C)  agranulocytes 
D)  monocytes 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following is mismatched dealing with inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rubor-redness 
B)  Calor-warmth 
C)  Tumor-cancer 
D)  Dolar-pain 
E)  None of these are mismatched. 
A)  Rubor-redness 
B)  Calor-warmth 
C)  Tumor-cancer 
D)  Dolar-pain 
E)  None of these are mismatched.

Question 7

The ________ system of blood proteins acts to lyse foreign cells and viruses.

Accepted Answer

A)  humoral immunity 
B)  cell-mediated 
C)  complement 
D)  lymphoid 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  humoral immunity 
B)  cell-mediated 
C)  complement 
D)  lymphoid 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Each of the following are granulocytes except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrophils 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  lymphocytes 
D)  basophils 
E)  All of the choices are granulocytes. 
A)  neutrophils 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  lymphocytes 
D)  basophils 
E)  All of the choices are granulocytes.

Question 9

What type of molecules act to draw phagocytes to foreign substances?

Accepted Answer

A)  MALTs 
B)  RES 
C)  PAMPs 
D)  BALTs 
E)  Lysosomes 
A)  MALTs 
B)  RES 
C)  PAMPs 
D)  BALTs 
E)  Lysosomes

Question 10

When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary phagocytes 
B)  neutrophils 
C)  killer T cells 
D)  cytotoxic T cells 
E)  macrophages 
A)  primary phagocytes 
B)  neutrophils 
C)  killer T cells 
D)  cytotoxic T cells 
E)  macrophages

Question 11

The lab performs a complete blood count with cell differential while the patient is still in the office. The results show an elevated white blood cell count, as well as a high neutrophil count. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacterial infection 
B)  Viral infection 
C)  Protozoan infection 
D)  Helminth infection 
A)  Bacterial infection 
B)  Viral infection 
C)  Protozoan infection 
D)  Helminth infection

Question 12

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interferon alpha and beta-inhibits viral replication 
B)  Interleukin-2-stimulates T-cell mitosis and B-cell antibody production 
C)  Serotonin-causes smooth muscle contraction 
D)  Prostaglandins-activate eosinophils and B cells 
E)  Tumor necrosis factor-increases chemotaxis and phagocytosis 
A)  Interferon alpha and beta-inhibits viral replication 
B)  Interleukin-2-stimulates T-cell mitosis and B-cell antibody production 
C)  Serotonin-causes smooth muscle contraction 
D)  Prostaglandins-activate eosinophils and B cells 
E)  Tumor necrosis factor-increases chemotaxis and phagocytosis

Question 13

Which of the following is not a component of the second line of defense?

Accepted Answer

A)  Keratin 
B)  Complement 
C)  Inflammation 
D)  Phagocytosis 
E)  Fever 
A)  Keratin 
B)  Complement 
C)  Inflammation 
D)  Phagocytosis 
E)  Fever

Question 14

The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  skin 
B)  respiratory tract 
C)  digestive tract 
D)  urinary tract 
E)  eyes 
A)  skin 
B)  respiratory tract 
C)  digestive tract 
D)  urinary tract 
E)  eyes

Question 15

Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood and has hormones that function in maturation of T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymph nodes 
B)  Thymus 
C)  Spleen 
D)  GALT 
E)  Tonsils 
A)  Lymph nodes 
B)  Thymus 
C)  Spleen 
D)  GALT 
E)  Tonsils

Question 16

Plasma is also called lymph.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diapedesis 
B)  Chemotaxis 
C)  Phagolysosome formation 
D)  Destruction 
E)  Ingestion 
A)  Diapedesis 
B)  Chemotaxis 
C)  Phagolysosome formation 
D)  Destruction 
E)  Ingestion

Question 18

Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bloodstream 
B)  Extracellular fluid 
C)  Lymphatic system 
D)  Intracellular fluid 
A)  Bloodstream 
B)  Extracellular fluid 
C)  Lymphatic system 
D)  Intracellular fluid

Question 19

The patient asks why the laceration is puffy, and has become itchy. Which of the following statements by the nurse is the most appropriate response?

Accepted Answer

A)  This is a normal response to injury. Blood has rushed to the area, fluid is leaking from the damaged vessels, and chemical mediators called cytokines are causing you to itch. 
B)  This is a normal response to injury. Your body is building up pressure around the wound to stop the bleeding, and the wood likely left internal splinters that are causing you to itch. 
C)  This is a concerning sign. I will call the doctor now to lance the swollen area, and in the meantime, I will apply hydrogen peroxide to the wound. 
D)  This is a concerning sign. Edema and pruritus are early signs of gangrene. To help the swelling, hold your hand above your heart to decrease blood flow to the area. 
A)  This is a normal response to injury. Blood has rushed to the area, fluid is leaking from the damaged vessels, and chemical mediators called cytokines are causing you to itch. 
B)  This is a normal response to injury. Your body is building up pressure around the wound to stop the bleeding, and the wood likely left internal splinters that are causing you to itch. 
C)  This is a concerning sign. I will call the doctor now to lance the swollen area, and in the meantime, I will apply hydrogen peroxide to the wound. 
D)  This is a concerning sign. Edema and pruritus are early signs of gangrene. To help the swelling, hold your hand above your heart to decrease blood flow to the area.

Question 20

All the following are events of early inflammation except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis 
B)  chemical mediators and cytokines are released 
C)  brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation 
D)  exudate and pus can accumulate 
E)  capillaries become more permeable resulting in edema 
A)  macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis 
B)  chemical mediators and cytokines are released 
C)  brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation 
D)  exudate and pus can accumulate 
E)  capillaries become more permeable resulting in edema

Exam 12: Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Which of the following is not a type of phagocyte?

Cytokines mediate a variety of processes in the immune system, for example, ________ encourages inflammatory responses and ________ suppresses the actions of immune cells.

Which of the following is not a chief function of inflammation?

A properly functioning immune system is responsible for ________.

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called ________ because they have prominent cytoplasmic inclusions that, in a stained blood smear, appear with identifying, characteristic colors.

Which of the following is mismatched dealing with inflammation?

The ________ system of blood proteins acts to lyse foreign cells and viruses.

Each of the following are granulocytes except ________.

What type of molecules act to draw phagocytes to foreign substances?

When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into ________.

The lab performs a complete blood count with cell differential while the patient is still in the office. The results show an elevated white blood cell count, as well as a high neutrophil count. What does this indicate?

Which of the following is mismatched?

Which of the following is not a component of the second line of defense?

The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the ________.

Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood and has hormones that function in maturation of T lymphocytes?

Plasma is also called lymph.

Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis?

Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function?

The patient asks why the laceration is puffy, and has become itchy. Which of the following statements by the nurse is the most appropriate response?

All the following are events of early inflammation except ________.

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, Humans, and Other Animals

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Cytokines mediate a variety of processes in the immune system, for example, encourages inflammatory responses and suppresses the actions of immune cells.