Question 1

What is one way to reduce the number of dropouts in online experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use the most sophisticated technology you can find. 
B)  Avoid gaming features. 
C)  Be vague in instructions so respondents read further. 
D)  Put barriers such as instructions and practice tasks up front. 
A)  Use the most sophisticated technology you can find. 
B)  Avoid gaming features. 
C)  Be vague in instructions so respondents read further. 
D)  Put barriers such as instructions and practice tasks up front. D

Question 2

An experimental design testing the hypothesis that group A will score higher on a measure than group B would use a ______ test to test for differences between the two groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  zero-tailed 
B)  one-tailed 
C)  two-tailed 
D)  three-tailed 
A)  zero-tailed 
B)  one-tailed 
C)  two-tailed 
D)  three-tailed B

Question 3

A within-subject design is one in which each person participates under one set of conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Attrition occurs when people slowly leave a study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following approaches is best suited to assess whether there are causal relationships among variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  focus groups 
B)  surveys 
C)  experiments 
D)  content analysis 
A)  focus groups 
B)  surveys 
C)  experiments 
D)  content analysis

Question 6

To be satisfied that X does cause Y, which of the following does not need to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  X must precede Y in time. 
B)  X and Y must vary together. 
C)  Y must demonstrably be caused by X and not by something else. 
D)  Y must precede X in time. 
A)  X must precede Y in time. 
B)  X and Y must vary together. 
C)  Y must demonstrably be caused by X and not by something else. 
D)  Y must precede X in time.

Question 7

The focus of external validity is on whether the experiment has captured the external world the researcher is investigating.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A problem with experimental designs can be ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  finding a sufficient number of people to participate 
B)  reliability of the experimental measures 
C)  lack of statistical analysis software 
D)  ex post facto design 
A)  finding a sufficient number of people to participate 
B)  reliability of the experimental measures 
C)  lack of statistical analysis software 
D)  ex post facto design

Question 9

The most sophisticated experimental designs include all EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  manipulation of a variable 
B)  random assignment 
C)  control group 
D)  basic experimental design 
A)  manipulation of a variable 
B)  random assignment 
C)  control group 
D)  basic experimental design

Question 10

Control groups are not exposed to the experimental variable(s).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Manipulation checks provide a check on whether research participants interpreted experimental conditions as the researcher intended.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is a threat to external validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  the experimental situation 
B)  spurious relationships 
C)  attrition 
D)  chi-square 
A)  the experimental situation 
B)  spurious relationships 
C)  attrition 
D)  chi-square

Question 13

Maturation, for the purpose of experimental design, means that people mostly stay the same over time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Explain the concept of random assignment in experimental design and why it is important.

Accepted Answer

In experimental design, random assignmen

Question 15

Explain, with examples, the idea of spurious relationships.

Accepted Answer

A spurious relationship is not

Question 16

A within-subject design is one in which participants are exposed to more than one experimental condition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which one of the following is common to all experimental designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  sophisticated statistical analysis 
B)  doing something to see what happens as a result 
C)  interviewing participants 
D)  replicating real-world conditions 
A)  sophisticated statistical analysis 
B)  doing something to see what happens as a result 
C)  interviewing participants 
D)  replicating real-world conditions

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a threat to external validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  the experimental situation 
B)  the Hawthorne effect 
C)  operationalization of constructs 
D)  attrition 
A)  the experimental situation 
B)  the Hawthorne effect 
C)  operationalization of constructs 
D)  attrition

Question 19

Attrition occurs when people return repeatedly to a study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Experimental designs that manipulate three or more variables are referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  bivariate designs 
B)  monovariate designs 
C)  factorial designs 
D)  manipulated designs 
A)  bivariate designs 
B)  monovariate designs 
C)  factorial designs 
D)  manipulated designs

What is one way to reduce the number of dropouts in online experiments?

An experimental design testing the hypothesis that group A will score higher on a measure than group B would use a ______ test to test for differences between the two groups.

A within-subject design is one in which each person participates under one set of conditions.

Attrition occurs when people slowly leave a study.

Which of the following approaches is best suited to assess whether there are causal relationships among variables?

To be satisfied that X does cause Y, which of the following does not need to happen?

The focus of external validity is on whether the experiment has captured the external world the researcher is investigating.

A problem with experimental designs can be ______.

The most sophisticated experimental designs include all EXCEPT ______.

Control groups are not exposed to the experimental variable(s).

Manipulation checks provide a check on whether research participants interpreted experimental conditions as the researcher intended.

Which of the following is a threat to external validity?

Maturation, for the purpose of experimental design, means that people mostly stay the same over time.

Explain the concept of random assignment in experimental design and why it is important.

Explain, with examples, the idea of spurious relationships.

A within-subject design is one in which participants are exposed to more than one experimental condition.

Which one of the following is common to all experimental designs?

Which of the following is NOT a threat to external validity?

Attrition occurs when people return repeatedly to a study.

Experimental designs that manipulate three or more variables are referred to as ______.

Getting Started: Possibilities and Decisions

First Decisions: From Inspiration to Implementation

Ethics: What Are My Responsibilities As a Researcher

You Could Look It Up: Reading, Recording, and Reviewing Research

Measurement: Research Using Numbers

Sampling: Who, What, and How Many

Summarizing Research Results: Data Reduction and Descriptive Statistics

Generalizing From Research Results: Inferential Statistics

Surveys: Putting Numbers on Opinions

Quantitative Understanding of Content: Content Analysis

Qualitative Understanding of Content: Rhetorical and Critical Analyses, and More

Qualitative Understanding of Communication Behavior: Interviews, Focus Groups, and Ethnography

Research Results in Print and Online: Writing and Presenting for Scholarly and Other Publics

Filters

Exam 10: Experiments: Researching Cause and Effect

What is one way to reduce the number of dropouts in online experiments?

An experimental design testing the hypothesis that group A will score higher on a measure than group B would use a ______ test to test for differences between the two groups.

A within-subject design is one in which each person participates under one set of conditions.

Attrition occurs when people slowly leave a study.

Which of the following approaches is best suited to assess whether there are causal relationships among variables?

To be satisfied that X does cause Y, which of the following does not need to happen?

The focus of external validity is on whether the experiment has captured the external world the researcher is investigating.

A problem with experimental designs can be ______.

The most sophisticated experimental designs include all EXCEPT ______.

Control groups are not exposed to the experimental variable(s).

Manipulation checks provide a check on whether research participants interpreted experimental conditions as the researcher intended.

Which of the following is a threat to external validity?

Maturation, for the purpose of experimental design, means that people mostly stay the same over time.

Explain the concept of random assignment in experimental design and why it is important.

Explain, with examples, the idea of spurious relationships.

A within-subject design is one in which participants are exposed to more than one experimental condition.

Which one of the following is common to all experimental designs?

Which of the following is NOT a threat to external validity?

Attrition occurs when people return repeatedly to a study.

Experimental designs that manipulate three or more variables are referred to as ______.

Getting Started: Possibilities and Decisions

First Decisions: From Inspiration to Implementation

Ethics: What Are My Responsibilities As a Researcher

You Could Look It Up: Reading, Recording, and Reviewing Research

Measurement: Research Using Numbers

Sampling: Who, What, and How Many

Summarizing Research Results: Data Reduction and Descriptive Statistics

Generalizing From Research Results: Inferential Statistics

Surveys: Putting Numbers on Opinions

Quantitative Understanding of Content: Content Analysis

Qualitative Understanding of Content: Rhetorical and Critical Analyses, and More

Qualitative Understanding of Communication Behavior: Interviews, Focus Groups, and Ethnography

Research Results in Print and Online: Writing and Presenting for Scholarly and Other Publics

Filters