Question 1

The spliceosome

Accepted Answer

A)  is a cis-acting ribozyme. 
B)  resembles group II introns in its mechanism and product. 
C)  performs the same function in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
D)  is a protein enzyme. 
A)  is a cis-acting ribozyme. 
B)  resembles group II introns in its mechanism and product. 
C)  performs the same function in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
D)  is a protein enzyme.

Question 2

RNA is typically more susceptible to backbone hydrolysis than DNA because of the

Accepted Answer

A)  presence of simpler nucleotides. 
B)  presence of a 2 '  OH group. 
C)  presence of a 3 '  OH group. 
D)  lack of thymine nucleotides. 
A)  presence of simpler nucleotides. 
B)  presence of a 2 '  OH group. 
C)  presence of a 3 '  OH group. 
D)  lack of thymine nucleotides.

Question 3

In E. coli, RNA-DNA base pairs are maintained and about base pairs of single-stranded DNA are maintained in the transcription bubble.

Accepted Answer

A)  20; 80 
B)  8; 17 
C)  17; 20 
D)  200; 1000 
A)  20; 80 
B)  8; 17 
C)  17; 20 
D)  200; 1000

Question 4

A difference between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of need for a primer. 
B)  presence of a transcription bubble. 
C)  addition of a poly(
A)  tail. 
D)  direction of transcription on the DNA template. 
A)  lack of need for a primer. 
B)  presence of a transcription bubble. 
C)  addition of a poly(
A)  tail. 
D)  direction of transcription on the DNA template.

Question 5

When does rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA degradation typically occur?

Accepted Answer

rRNA and tRNA degradation typi

Question 6

What RNA types are required for eukaryotic rRNA and mRNA processing? Where does this processing occur?

Accepted Answer

Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) i

Question 7

Using the DNA footprinting technique, which of the following were/was identified as binding site(s) for $\sigma$factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  -35 box 
B)  -5 and -35 box 
C)  -10 and -35 box 
D)  -10 box 
A)  -35 box 
B)  -5 and -35 box 
C)  -10 and -35 box 
D)  -10 box

Question 8

Antisense RNA binds to and sense RNA binds to .

Accepted Answer

A)  template DNA; coding DNA 
B)  tRNA; mRNA 
C)  coding DNA; template DNA 
D)  mRNA; coding DNA 
A)  template DNA; coding DNA 
B)  tRNA; mRNA 
C)  coding DNA; template DNA 
D)  mRNA; coding DNA

Question 9

List two differences and two similarities between group I and group II introns.

Accepted Answer

Differences: (1) Group I requires a guan

Question 10

More than 100 different RNA base modifications have been identified, and most of those are found in

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA. 
B)  rRNA. 
C)  snRNA. 
D)  tRNA. 
A)  mRNA. 
B)  rRNA. 
C)  snRNA. 
D)  tRNA.

Question 11

What are$\sigma$ factors in RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA promoter regions 
B)  RNA polymerases 
C)  transcription factors 
D)  receptor proteins 
A)  DNA promoter regions 
B)  RNA polymerases 
C)  transcription factors 
D)  receptor proteins

Question 12

RNA is a highly dynamic biomolecule in that it

Accepted Answer

A)  can fold and hydrogen bond with itself, DNA, proteins, or small molecules to adopt largely modified tertiary structures. 
B)  is less capable of forming stable H-bonds than DNA. 
C)  is often shorter than DNA. 
D)  is largely composed of a phosphate backbone. 
A)  can fold and hydrogen bond with itself, DNA, proteins, or small molecules to adopt largely modified tertiary structures. 
B)  is less capable of forming stable H-bonds than DNA. 
C)  is often shorter than DNA. 
D)  is largely composed of a phosphate backbone.

Question 13

What reaction is catalyzed by the spliceosome?

Accepted Answer

The removal of intro

Question 14

What prokaryotic promoter would most likely control a housekeeping gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  weak promoter 
B)  -10 and -35 box 
C)  TATA box 
D)  strong promoter 
A)  weak promoter 
B)  -10 and -35 box 
C)  TATA box 
D)  strong promoter

Question 15

Prokaryotic mRNA is commonly processed through

Accepted Answer

A)  splicing by RNaseP enzymes. 
B)  immediate translation during transcription. 
C)  addition of 7-methylguanylate cap. 
D)  removal of exons. 
A)  splicing by RNaseP enzymes. 
B)  immediate translation during transcription. 
C)  addition of 7-methylguanylate cap. 
D)  removal of exons.

Question 16

Eukaryotic transcription promoters

Accepted Answer

A)  are typically found after the transcription start site. 
B)  have a single sequence and bind one RNA polymerase type. 
C)  may bind to both transcription factors and RNA polymerases. 
D)  are all controlled by a ubiquitous $\sigma$ factor. 
A)  are typically found after the transcription start site. 
B)  have a single sequence and bind one RNA polymerase type. 
C)  may bind to both transcription factors and RNA polymerases. 
D)  are all controlled by a ubiquitous $\sigma$ factor.

Question 17

Which enzyme is important in the processing of tRNA and mRNA from prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNaseP 
B)  snRNA 
C)  reverse transcriptase 
D)  ribozyme 
A)  RNaseP 
B)  snRNA 
C)  reverse transcriptase 
D)  ribozyme

Question 18

miRNA is

Accepted Answer

A)  involved in stimulating gene expression. 
B)  derived from degraded mRNA. 
C)  expressed in the nucleus and is involved in regulating gene expression. 
D)  derived from degraded virus RNA strands. 
A)  involved in stimulating gene expression. 
B)  derived from degraded mRNA. 
C)  expressed in the nucleus and is involved in regulating gene expression. 
D)  derived from degraded virus RNA strands.

Question 19

Explain why RNAi requires some double-stranded RNA to initiate the process.

Accepted Answer

The enzyme called dicer will c

Question 20

The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II is involved in the transcriptional process of

Accepted Answer

A)  addition of a poly(
A)  tail. 
B)  removal of exons. 
C)  directing RNA to the cytoplasm. 
D)  product phosphorylation. 
A)  addition of a poly(
A)  tail. 
B)  removal of exons. 
C)  directing RNA to the cytoplasm. 
D)  product phosphorylation.

Exam 21: RNA Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Silencing

The spliceosome

RNA is typically more susceptible to backbone hydrolysis than DNA because of the

In E. coli, RNA-DNA base pairs are maintained and about base pairs of single-stranded DNA are maintained in the transcription bubble.

A difference between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the

When does rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA degradation typically occur?

What RNA types are required for eukaryotic rRNA and mRNA processing? Where does this processing occur?

Using the DNA footprinting technique, which of the following were/was identified as binding site(s) for σ\sigmaσ factors?

Antisense RNA binds to and sense RNA binds to .

List two differences and two similarities between group I and group II introns.

More than 100 different RNA base modifications have been identified, and most of those are found in

What are σ\sigmaσ factors in RNA synthesis?

RNA is a highly dynamic biomolecule in that it

What reaction is catalyzed by the spliceosome?

What prokaryotic promoter would most likely control a housekeeping gene?

Prokaryotic mRNA is commonly processed through

Eukaryotic transcription promoters

Which enzyme is important in the processing of tRNA and mRNA from prokaryotes?

miRNA is

Explain why RNAi requires some double-stranded RNA to initiate the process.

The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II is involved in the transcriptional process of

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

Protein Synthesis, Posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

Filters

Using the DNA footprinting technique, which of the following were/was identified as binding site(s) for $\sigma$ factors?

What are $\sigma$ factors in RNA synthesis?