Question 1

Trans activity refers to the __________ for a ribozyme.

Accepted Answer

A)  cleavage of another identical RNA molecule 
B)  intermolecular cleavage of substrate 
C)  intramolecular cleavage 
D)  conserved activity of all enzymes 
A)  cleavage of another identical RNA molecule 
B)  intermolecular cleavage of substrate 
C)  intramolecular cleavage 
D)  conserved activity of all enzymes

Question 2

List the three general ways that a single gene can give rise to multiple different mRNA transcripts.

Accepted Answer

(1) Using alternate promoter s

Question 3

Cis-acting enzymes are

Accepted Answer

A)  self-operating enzymes. 
B)  enzymes that operate on a target molecule. 
C)  intermolecular-operating enzymes. 
D)  enzymes that operate on other enzymes. 
A)  self-operating enzymes. 
B)  enzymes that operate on a target molecule. 
C)  intermolecular-operating enzymes. 
D)  enzymes that operate on other enzymes.

Question 4

Strong prokaryotic promoters

Accepted Answer

A)  bind tightly to the transcription factors. 
B)  have $\sigma$ factors that are larger, more stable proteins. 
C)  generally result in a higher rate of transcription. 
D)  are less common in prokaryotes. 
A)  bind tightly to the transcription factors. 
B)  have $\sigma$ factors that are larger, more stable proteins. 
C)  generally result in a higher rate of transcription. 
D)  are less common in prokaryotes.

Question 5

How are RNA structures different from protein structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA is single stranded, whereas proteins are not. 
B)  RNA can H-bond with itself, whereas proteins cannot. 
C)  RNA mutations can lead to nonfunctioning proteins, whereas protein mutations do not. 
D)  RNA adopts less defined tertiary structures than proteins. 
A)  RNA is single stranded, whereas proteins are not. 
B)  RNA can H-bond with itself, whereas proteins cannot. 
C)  RNA mutations can lead to nonfunctioning proteins, whereas protein mutations do not. 
D)  RNA adopts less defined tertiary structures than proteins.

Question 6

Describe two ways that termination can occur in the transcription of prokaryotic genes.

Accepted Answer

(1) The protein Rho binds to a C-rich re

Question 7

In which direction is mRNA synthesized by RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the 3 '  to 5 '  direction 
B)  with 5 '  to 3 '  phosphodiester linkages 
C)  in the 5 '  to 3 '  direction 
D)  It depends on whether the sense or antisense strand is transcribed. 
A)  in the 3 '  to 5 '  direction 
B)  with 5 '  to 3 '  phosphodiester linkages 
C)  in the 5 '  to 3 '  direction 
D)  It depends on whether the sense or antisense strand is transcribed.

Question 8

In the following RNAi scheme, label the mRNA, siRNA, RISC, dicer, and double-stranded RNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the following RNAi scheme, label the...

Question 9

Identify the location of action of the spliceosome.

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear pore 
B)  nucleus 
C)  rough endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  cytoplasm 
A)  nuclear pore 
B)  nucleus 
C)  rough endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  cytoplasm

Question 10

List the three different ways that mRNA splicing can give rise to different mRNA transcripts.

Accepted Answer

(1) Exons can be skipped or spliced over

Question 11

What do $\sigma$ factors bind to in RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA promoters and RNA polymerase 
B)  RNA promoters and DNA 
C)  DNA and RNA 
D)  transcription factors 
A)  DNA promoters and RNA polymerase 
B)  RNA promoters and DNA 
C)  DNA and RNA 
D)  transcription factors

Question 12

A common RNA base modification is

Accepted Answer

A)  methylation. 
B)  amination. 
C)  carboxylation. 
D)  hydroxylation. 
A)  methylation. 
B)  amination. 
C)  carboxylation. 
D)  hydroxylation.

Question 13

Describe the timing and location of removal of introns and splicing of exons in mRNA.

Accepted Answer

After the addition of the 7-methylguanos

Question 14

Draw a double-stranded piece of DNA, label the 5 '  and 3 '  ends, and show which strand is transcribed and in which direction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw a double-stranded piece of DNA, label...

Question 15

A 7-methylguanylate cap and poly(A) tail is added to mRNA to

Accepted Answer

A)  differentiate the mRNA from the tRNA. 
B)  facilitate binding and translation by the ribosome. 
C)  increase mRNA splicing efficiency. 
D)  signify the start and end of the gene sequence. 
A)  differentiate the mRNA from the tRNA. 
B)  facilitate binding and translation by the ribosome. 
C)  increase mRNA splicing efficiency. 
D)  signify the start and end of the gene sequence.

Question 16

Which is true of RNA polymerases in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are composed of an analogous $\alpha$2 $\beta$$\beta$ '  $ \omega $core. 
B)  There is a single enzyme type per organism. 
C)  They make copies of RNA from either DNA or RNA templates. 
D)  They have the same number of cofactors in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
A)  They are composed of an analogous $\alpha$2 $\beta$$\beta$ '  $ \omega $core. 
B)  There is a single enzyme type per organism. 
C)  They make copies of RNA from either DNA or RNA templates. 
D)  They have the same number of cofactors in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Question 17

The information gained from the DNA footprinting technique is the

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA sequence. 
B)  promotor region of a gene. 
C)  location of a gene in DNA. 
D)  location of a DNA binding protein on DNA. 
A)  DNA sequence. 
B)  promotor region of a gene. 
C)  location of a gene in DNA. 
D)  location of a DNA binding protein on DNA.

Question 18

Eukaryotic RNA polymerase

Accepted Answer

A)  is a ribozyme. 
B)  contains as many as five protein subunits in the final functional enzyme. 
C)  synthesizes all RNA types. 
D)  has a common core structure resembling that of prokaryotic RNA polymerase. 
A)  is a ribozyme. 
B)  contains as many as five protein subunits in the final functional enzyme. 
C)  synthesizes all RNA types. 
D)  has a common core structure resembling that of prokaryotic RNA polymerase.

Question 19

The DNA sequence of prokaryotic gene promotors were found to be

Accepted Answer

A)  largely conserved. 
B)  distinct for each gene. 
C)  capable of binding different promoters. 
D)  strong binders of DNA polymerase. 
A)  largely conserved. 
B)  distinct for each gene. 
C)  capable of binding different promoters. 
D)  strong binders of DNA polymerase.

Question 20

The following is referred to as the ribozyme.

Accepted Answer

A)  stem-loop 
B)  hairpin 
C)  hammerhead 
D)  cloverleaf 
A)  stem-loop 
B)  hairpin 
C)  hammerhead 
D)  cloverleaf

Exam 21: RNA Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Silencing

Trans activity refers to the __________ for a ribozyme.

List the three general ways that a single gene can give rise to multiple different mRNA transcripts.

Cis-acting enzymes are

Strong prokaryotic promoters

How are RNA structures different from protein structures?

Describe two ways that termination can occur in the transcription of prokaryotic genes.

In which direction is mRNA synthesized by RNA polymerase?

In the following RNAi scheme, label the mRNA, siRNA, RISC, dicer, and double-stranded RNA.

Identify the location of action of the spliceosome.

List the three different ways that mRNA splicing can give rise to different mRNA transcripts.

What do σ\sigmaσ factors bind to in RNA synthesis?

A common RNA base modification is

Describe the timing and location of removal of introns and splicing of exons in mRNA.

Draw a double-stranded piece of DNA, label the 5 ' and 3 ' ends, and show which strand is transcribed and in which direction.

A 7-methylguanylate cap and poly(A) tail is added to mRNA to

Which is true of RNA polymerases in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

The information gained from the DNA footprinting technique is the

Eukaryotic RNA polymerase

The DNA sequence of prokaryotic gene promotors were found to be

The following is referred to as the ribozyme.

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

Protein Synthesis, Posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

Filters

What do $\sigma$ factors bind to in RNA synthesis?

Draw a double-stranded piece of DNA, label the 5 ^' and 3 ^' ends, and show which strand is transcribed and in which direction.