Question 1

List the major metabolic pathways in animals and classify each as either an energy conversion pathway or a synthesis/degradation pathway

Accepted Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenes

Question 2

In your own words explain why glycolysis is considered one of the core metabolic pathways in nature.

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis, or the flycolytic pathway, i

Question 3

What is the fate of pyruvate in the presence of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae?

Accepted Answer

A)  converts to CO2 and ethanol 
B)  converts to H2O and CO2 
C)  converts to lactate and ethanol 
D)  converts to lactate and glucose 
A)  converts to CO2 and ethanol 
B)  converts to H2O and CO2 
C)  converts to lactate and ethanol 
D)  converts to lactate and glucose

Question 4

Illustrate how glyceraldehyde-3-P is converted into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate by glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase using the appropriate mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

See Figure

Question 5

Using glucose metabolism, justify the following statement: Metabolic pathways are highly interdependent and are exquisitely controlled by enzyme activity levels and substrate bioavailability.

Accepted Answer

Using the example from the textbook: Bef

Question 6

An infant who obtains nourishment from milk and who has galactosemia is unable to convert

Accepted Answer

A)  galactose-1-P to glucose-6-P. 
B)  glucose-6-P to galactose-1-P. 
C)  galactose-1-P to glucose-1-P. 
D)  glucose-1-P to galactose-1-P. 
A)  galactose-1-P to glucose-6-P. 
B)  glucose-6-P to galactose-1-P. 
C)  galactose-1-P to glucose-1-P. 
D)  glucose-1-P to galactose-1-P.

Question 7

Describe how molecules such as maltose can enter glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

Maltose is cleaved by maltase

Question 8

Metabolism is best defined as a collection of

Accepted Answer

A)  biochemical reactions that convert chemical energy into work. 
B)  biochemical reactions that convert mechanical energy into work. 
C)  enzymes that convert glucose into carbon dioxide. 
D)  enzymes that convert amino acids into proteins. 
A)  biochemical reactions that convert chemical energy into work. 
B)  biochemical reactions that convert mechanical energy into work. 
C)  enzymes that convert glucose into carbon dioxide. 
D)  enzymes that convert amino acids into proteins.

Question 9

In which of the following metabolic conversions is ATP "consumed" during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate $\rightarrow$ 3-phosphoglycerate 
B)  glucose $\rightarrow$ glucose-6-phosphate 
C)  2-Phosphoglycerate $\rightarrow$ 3-phosphoglycerate 
D)  glucose-6-phosphate $\rightarrow$ fructose-6-phosphate 
A)  1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate $\rightarrow$ 3-phosphoglycerate 
B)  glucose $\rightarrow$ glucose-6-phosphate 
C)  2-Phosphoglycerate $\rightarrow$ 3-phosphoglycerate 
D)  glucose-6-phosphate $\rightarrow$ fructose-6-phosphate

Question 10

If a person has a deficiency in fructose-1-P, what effects does that have on the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fructose-6-P concentrations increase. 
B)  Fructose-6-P is depleted. 
C)  ATP concentrations increase. 
D)  Glucose-6-P concentrations increase. 
A)  Fructose-6-P concentrations increase. 
B)  Fructose-6-P is depleted. 
C)  ATP concentrations increase. 
D)  Glucose-6-P concentrations increase.

Question 11

In the reaction A$\rightarrow$B, if at equilibrium [B] >> [A], what can be said about the directionality of the reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  strongly favored in the forward direction 
B)  strongly favored in the reverse direction 
C)  strongly favored in both directions 
D)  Not enough information is given. 
A)  strongly favored in the forward direction 
B)  strongly favored in the reverse direction 
C)  strongly favored in both directions 
D)  Not enough information is given.

Question 12

Calculate the net $\Delta$G$\degree$'  for the following series of reactions:

Accepted Answer

A)  14 kJ/mol 
B)  -6 kJ/mol 
C)  6 kJ/mol 
D)  0 kJ/mol 
A)  14 kJ/mol 
B)  -6 kJ/mol 
C)  6 kJ/mol 
D)  0 kJ/mol

Question 13

If you are unable to digest milk products, what is the metabolic root of that issue?

Accepted Answer

A)  maltase 
B)  lactase 
C)  sucrose 
D)  glucose oxidase 
A)  maltase 
B)  lactase 
C)  sucrose 
D)  glucose oxidase

Question 14

What would the effect be of a lack of lactate dehydrogenase?

Accepted Answer

A)  buildup of glucose 
B)  buildup of CO2 
C)  deficiency of ATP 
D)  deficiency of pyruvate 
A)  buildup of glucose 
B)  buildup of CO2 
C)  deficiency of ATP 
D)  deficiency of pyruvate

Question 15

Which enzyme is the main regulator of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  hexokinase 
B)  PFK-1 
C)  pyruvate kinase 
D)  aldolase 
A)  hexokinase 
B)  PFK-1 
C)  pyruvate kinase 
D)  aldolase

Question 16

The NADH that is produced by glycolysis under anaerobic conditions is regenerated to NAD+  by the conversion of

Accepted Answer

A)  acetaldehyde $\rightarrow$  ethanol. 
B)  lactate $\rightarrow$  pyruvate. 
C)  phosphoenolpyruvate $\rightarrow$  pyruvate. 
D)  pyruvate $\rightarrow$  lactate. 
A)  acetaldehyde $\rightarrow$  ethanol. 
B)  lactate $\rightarrow$  pyruvate. 
C)  phosphoenolpyruvate $\rightarrow$  pyruvate. 
D)  pyruvate $\rightarrow$  lactate.

Question 17

List the major metabolic pathways in plants and classify each as either an energy conversion pathway or a synthesis/degradation pathway.

Accepted Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenes

Question 18

List three common disaccharides in nature and draw the structures of each.

Accepted Answer

Lactose, s

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) C12H22O11 
B)  C6H 12O6 
C)  C6H6O6 
D)  C14N2H 18O5 
A) C12H22O11 
B)  C6H 12O6 
C)  C6H6O6 
D)  C14N2H 18O5

Question 20

Which of these cofactors participates directly in MOST of the redox reactions in the fermentation of glucose to lactate?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP 
B)  ATP 
C)  NAD+/NADH 
D)  FAD/FADH2 
A)  ADP 
B)  ATP 
C)  NAD+/NADH 
D)  FAD/FADH2

Exam 9: Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

List the major metabolic pathways in animals and classify each as either an energy conversion pathway or a synthesis/degradation pathway

In your own words explain why glycolysis is considered one of the core metabolic pathways in nature.

What is the fate of pyruvate in the presence of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae?

Illustrate how glyceraldehyde-3-P is converted into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate by glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase using the appropriate mechanisms.

Using glucose metabolism, justify the following statement: Metabolic pathways are highly interdependent and are exquisitely controlled by enzyme activity levels and substrate bioavailability.

An infant who obtains nourishment from milk and who has galactosemia is unable to convert

Describe how molecules such as maltose can enter glycolysis.

Metabolism is best defined as a collection of

In which of the following metabolic conversions is ATP "consumed" during glycolysis?

If a person has a deficiency in fructose-1-P, what effects does that have on the body?

In the reaction A →\rightarrow→ B, if at equilibrium [B] >> [A], what can be said about the directionality of the reaction?

Calculate the net Δ\DeltaΔ G °\degree° ' for the following series of reactions:

If you are unable to digest milk products, what is the metabolic root of that issue?

What would the effect be of a lack of lactate dehydrogenase?

Which enzyme is the main regulator of glycolysis?

The NADH that is produced by glycolysis under anaerobic conditions is regenerated to NAD+ by the conversion of

List the major metabolic pathways in plants and classify each as either an energy conversion pathway or a synthesis/degradation pathway.

List three common disaccharides in nature and draw the structures of each.

Which of the following is the correct formula for glucose?

Which of these cofactors participates directly in MOST of the redox reactions in the fermentation of glucose to lactate?

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, Posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

Filters

In the reaction A $\rightarrow$ B, if at equilibrium [B] >> [A], what can be said about the directionality of the reaction?

Calculate the net $\Delta$ G $\degree$ ^' for the following series of reactions: $Calculate the net \Delta G \degree <sup>'</sup> <sup> </sup>for the following series of reactions:$

The NADH that is produced by glycolysis under anaerobic conditions is regenerated to NAD⁺ by the conversion of