Question 1

mRNA is used for what process in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  as a template for protein synthesis 
B)  regulation of gene expression 
C)  regulation of RNA 
D)  replication of DNA 
A)  as a template for protein synthesis 
B)  regulation of gene expression 
C)  regulation of RNA 
D)  replication of DNA

Question 2

Cyclic pathways contain several metabolites that regenerate during each turn of the cycle. Another way to describe a metabolite is that it functions as a

Accepted Answer

A)  reactant or product. 
B)  catalysis. 
C)  transition state. 
D)  enzyme. 
A)  reactant or product. 
B)  catalysis. 
C)  transition state. 
D)  enzyme.

Question 3

Why can a guanine not be paired with adenine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Guanine is only found in RNA and adenine is found only in DNA. 
B)  Guanine can form three hydrogen bonds and adenine can form two. 
C)  Guanine can form only two hydrogen bonds and adenine can form three. 
D)  Guanine can only pair with thymine. 
A)  Guanine is only found in RNA and adenine is found only in DNA. 
B)  Guanine can form three hydrogen bonds and adenine can form two. 
C)  Guanine can form only two hydrogen bonds and adenine can form three. 
D)  Guanine can only pair with thymine.

Question 4

Identify the following biomolecules.

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 5

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. There are 20 amino acids; how do these amino acids differ from one another?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids differ f

Question 6

Bioinformatics shows that 98% of human DNA is identical to that of chimpanzees. If human DNA contains 3.2 billion nucleotides, how many nucleotides are different between the two species?

Accepted Answer

A)  3.1 billion 
B)  64 million 
C)  3.1 million 
D)  640 million 
A)  3.1 billion 
B)  64 million 
C)  3.1 million 
D)  640 million

Question 7

Define the central dogma of molecular biology.

Accepted Answer

The central dogma of molecular

Question 8

Highly conserved gene sequences that encode proteins with the same function in different organisms are called genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  orthologous 
B)  conserved 
C)  parallel 
D)  antiparallel 
A)  orthologous 
B)  conserved 
C)  parallel 
D)  antiparallel

Question 9

What is the function of mRNA in the cell?

Accepted Answer

mRNA is used as temp

Question 10

What is an advantage of using polypeptides for storage and information transmission?

Accepted Answer

The complexity of monomeric un

Question 11

If a plasma membrane is hydrophobic, what kinds of amino acids are MOST likely to be found in the membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrophilic amino acids 
B)  hydrophobic amino acids 
C)  polar amino acids 
D)  charged amino acids 
A)  hydrophilic amino acids 
B)  hydrophobic amino acids 
C)  polar amino acids 
D)  charged amino acids

Question 12

Enzymes function as reaction catalysts in cells. If the enzymes were removed from a cell, the rate of biochemical reactions would

Accepted Answer

A)  increase. 
B)  remain the same. 
C)  decrease. 
D)  It is impossible to know. 
A)  increase. 
B)  remain the same. 
C)  decrease. 
D)  It is impossible to know.

Question 13

Describe the differences between the structures of pyrimidine and a purine.

Accepted Answer

A pyrimidine is an aromatic molecule wit

Question 14

An inherited disease comes from the mutation of DNA in a cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  somatic 
B)  germ-line 
C)  adipose 
D)  blood 
A)  somatic 
B)  germ-line 
C)  adipose 
D)  blood

Question 15

Simple sugars are made of which of the following elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon, sulfur, and hydrogen 
B)  carbon, oxygen, and phosphate 
C)  carbon, oxygen, and helium 
D)  carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen 
A)  carbon, sulfur, and hydrogen 
B)  carbon, oxygen, and phosphate 
C)  carbon, oxygen, and helium 
D)  carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen

Question 16

Compare and contrast a transcriptome and a proteome.

Accepted Answer

Although both transcriptomes and proteom

Question 17

ATP is an abbreviation for which energy currency molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  adenosine triphosphate 
B)  adenosine thymine 
C)  adenosine dinucleotide 
D)  amino triphosphate 
A)  adenosine triphosphate 
B)  adenosine thymine 
C)  adenosine dinucleotide 
D)  amino triphosphate

Question 18

Compare and contrast at least three different characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes are often 1 @#LAT-DLM&m in diameter, t

Question 19

The __________ differentiates amino acids from one another.

Accepted Answer

A)  number of silane groups 
B)  number of phosphoryl groups 
C)  side chains attached to the central carbon 
D)  number of hydroxyl groups 
A)  number of silane groups 
B)  number of phosphoryl groups 
C)  side chains attached to the central carbon 
D)  number of hydroxyl groups

Question 20

Differentiate between orthologous genes and paralogous genes.

Accepted Answer

Orthologous genes are highly conserved g

Exam 1: Principles of Biochemistry

mRNA is used for what process in the cell?

Cyclic pathways contain several metabolites that regenerate during each turn of the cycle. Another way to describe a metabolite is that it functions as a

Why can a guanine not be paired with adenine?

Identify the following biomolecules.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. There are 20 amino acids; how do these amino acids differ from one another?

Bioinformatics shows that 98% of human DNA is identical to that of chimpanzees. If human DNA contains 3.2 billion nucleotides, how many nucleotides are different between the two species?

Define the central dogma of molecular biology.

Highly conserved gene sequences that encode proteins with the same function in different organisms are called genes.

What is the function of mRNA in the cell?

What is an advantage of using polypeptides for storage and information transmission?

If a plasma membrane is hydrophobic, what kinds of amino acids are MOST likely to be found in the membrane?

Enzymes function as reaction catalysts in cells. If the enzymes were removed from a cell, the rate of biochemical reactions would

Describe the differences between the structures of pyrimidine and a purine.

An inherited disease comes from the mutation of DNA in a cell.

Simple sugars are made of which of the following elements?

Compare and contrast a transcriptome and a proteome.

ATP is an abbreviation for which energy currency molecule?

Compare and contrast at least three different characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The __________ differentiates amino acids from one another.

Differentiate between orthologous genes and paralogous genes.

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, Posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

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