Question 1

Monoclonal antibodies

Accepted Answer

A)  are usually of different classes. 
B)  usually recognize several epitopes. 
C)  have the same variable regions. 
D)  are always IgE. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  are usually of different classes. 
B)  usually recognize several epitopes. 
C)  have the same variable regions. 
D)  are always IgE. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 2

You are very concerned about the child with leukemia who was in your office before you saw the measles patient. You know that the two children had been in the same waiting room for at least 20 minutes and that measles is a highly contagious disease. You also know that the patient with cancer has not received his MMRV vaccine because

Accepted Answer

A)  attenuated vaccines that contain fully virulent pathogens, and thus poses a significant risk to immunocompromised people who cannot fight off any microbial infection. 
B)  attenuated vaccines contain live but weakened disease agents; these may occasionally mutate to become pathogenic again, so there is some risk in giving these vaccines to immunocompromised people. 
C)  all vaccines are dangerous because of the adjuvants and additives in them, and should only be given to people who are at significant risk of life-threatening diseases such as rabies. 
D)  measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella are very mild childhood diseases that pose no risk; the leukemia child's immune system is already overwhelmed by fighting that cancer. 
E)  the child with leukemia is only two, which is way too young to receive too many vaccines; he should probably only get the MMR vaccine before he goes away to college. 
A)  attenuated vaccines that contain fully virulent pathogens, and thus poses a significant risk to immunocompromised people who cannot fight off any microbial infection. 
B)  attenuated vaccines contain live but weakened disease agents; these may occasionally mutate to become pathogenic again, so there is some risk in giving these vaccines to immunocompromised people. 
C)  all vaccines are dangerous because of the adjuvants and additives in them, and should only be given to people who are at significant risk of life-threatening diseases such as rabies. 
D)  measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella are very mild childhood diseases that pose no risk; the leukemia child's immune system is already overwhelmed by fighting that cancer. 
E)  the child with leukemia is only two, which is way too young to receive too many vaccines; he should probably only get the MMR vaccine before he goes away to college.

Question 3

The practice of deliberately stimulating the immune system is called

Accepted Answer

A)  acquired immunity. 
B)  vaccination. 
C)  hypersensitivity. 
D)  memory immunity. 
E)  autoimmunity. 
A)  acquired immunity. 
B)  vaccination. 
C)  hypersensitivity. 
D)  memory immunity. 
E)  autoimmunity.

Question 4

Anti-human-gamma-globulin antiserum is often used in

Accepted Answer

A)  direct fluorescent antibody tests AND indirect ELISA. 
B)  indirect ELISA AND Western blot. 
C)  Western blot AND indirect fluorescent antibody tests. 
D)  indirect fluorescent antibody tests. 
E)  indirect ELISA, Western blot, AND indirect fluorescent antibody tests. 
A)  direct fluorescent antibody tests AND indirect ELISA. 
B)  indirect ELISA AND Western blot. 
C)  Western blot AND indirect fluorescent antibody tests. 
D)  indirect fluorescent antibody tests. 
E)  indirect ELISA, Western blot, AND indirect fluorescent antibody tests.

Question 5

The Salk vaccine

Accepted Answer

A)  contains live attenuated virus. 
B)  contains inactivated virus. 
C)  contains a portion of the polio virus. 
D)  occasionally causes disease. 
E)  is a DNA-based vaccine. 
A)  contains live attenuated virus. 
B)  contains inactivated virus. 
C)  contains a portion of the polio virus. 
D)  occasionally causes disease. 
E)  is a DNA-based vaccine.

Question 6

Whole agent vaccines may contain

Accepted Answer

A)  viruses. 
B)  bacteria. 
C)  toxins. 
D)  polysaccharides. 
E)  viruses OR bacteria. 
A)  viruses. 
B)  bacteria. 
C)  toxins. 
D)  polysaccharides. 
E)  viruses OR bacteria.

Question 7

Recombinant vaccines and inactivated vaccines typically require several shots to be effective.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

An adjuvant has been developed from lipid A.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which type of vaccine has been used in place of inactivated whole cell vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acellular subunit 
B)  Whole cell attenuated 
C)  Adjuvant 
D)  Toxin 
E)  Partial cell attenuated 
A)  Acellular subunit 
B)  Whole cell attenuated 
C)  Adjuvant 
D)  Toxin 
E)  Partial cell attenuated

Question 10

Alum is an adjuvant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Variolation is a procedure once used to protect against

Accepted Answer

A)  measles. 
B)  bubonic plague. 
C)  rabies. 
D)  smallpox. 
E)  cowpox. 
A)  measles. 
B)  bubonic plague. 
C)  rabies. 
D)  smallpox. 
E)  cowpox.

Question 12

The vaccine that is stable to heat, has little unwanted material and causes minimal side effects is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  inactive vaccine. 
B)  peptide vaccine. 
C)  active vaccine. 
D)  toxoid. 
E)  lipid vaccine. 
A)  inactive vaccine. 
B)  peptide vaccine. 
C)  active vaccine. 
D)  toxoid. 
E)  lipid vaccine.

Question 13

DNA vaccines are dangerous due to the possibility of the DNA causing reversion in the inactivated pathogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The virus originally used for vaccination against smallpox is named

Accepted Answer

A)  vaccinia. 
B)  cowpox. 
C)  rubella. 
D)  herpes. 
E)  polio. 
A)  vaccinia. 
B)  cowpox. 
C)  rubella. 
D)  herpes. 
E)  polio.

Question 15

Immunodiffusion tests

Accepted Answer

A)  allow detection of specific antigens. 
B)  are a simple method that produces visible results in the zone of optimal proportion. 
C)  allow quantitation of antigen concentrations. 
D)  None of the choices is correct. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  allow detection of specific antigens. 
B)  are a simple method that produces visible results in the zone of optimal proportion. 
C)  allow quantitation of antigen concentrations. 
D)  None of the choices is correct. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Immunological tests may determine the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  only antibody. 
B)  only antigen. 
C)  antigen or antibody. 
D)  neither antibody nor antigen. 
E)  only IgG. 
A)  only antibody. 
B)  only antigen. 
C)  antigen or antibody. 
D)  neither antibody nor antigen. 
E)  only IgG.

Question 17

Agglutination reactions utilize particles rather than molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Attenuated agents often give rise to a long-lasting immunity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The procedure developed by the Chinese to protect against smallpox was called

Accepted Answer

A)  Oriental poxination. 
B)  humoral immunity. 
C)  variolation. 
D)  naturally acquired immunity. 
E)  vacciolation. 
A)  Oriental poxination. 
B)  humoral immunity. 
C)  variolation. 
D)  naturally acquired immunity. 
E)  vacciolation.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an example of an inactivated vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toxoid vaccines 
B)  Subunit vaccines 
C)  Conjugate vaccines 
D)  Virus-like particles 
E)  Adjuvants 
A)  Toxoid vaccines 
B)  Subunit vaccines 
C)  Conjugate vaccines 
D)  Virus-like particles 
E)  Adjuvants

Exam 18: Applications of Immune Responses

Monoclonal antibodies

The practice of deliberately stimulating the immune system is called

Anti-human-gamma-globulin antiserum is often used in

The Salk vaccine

Whole agent vaccines may contain

Recombinant vaccines and inactivated vaccines typically require several shots to be effective.

An adjuvant has been developed from lipid A.

Which type of vaccine has been used in place of inactivated whole cell vaccine?

Alum is an adjuvant.

Variolation is a procedure once used to protect against

The vaccine that is stable to heat, has little unwanted material and causes minimal side effects is called a(n)

DNA vaccines are dangerous due to the possibility of the DNA causing reversion in the inactivated pathogen.

The virus originally used for vaccination against smallpox is named

Immunodiffusion tests

Immunological tests may determine the presence of

Agglutination reactions utilize particles rather than molecules.

Attenuated agents often give rise to a long-lasting immunity.

The procedure developed by the Chinese to protect against smallpox was called

Which of the following is NOT an example of an inactivated vaccine?

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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