Question 1

The authors of your text offer three main motives as to why people help others. Which of the following is NOT one of those motives?

Accepted Answer

A)  evolutionary explanations 
B)  social exchange theory 
C)  the empathy-altruism hypothesis 
D)  cognitive dissonance 
A)  evolutionary explanations 
B)  social exchange theory 
C)  the empathy-altruism hypothesis 
D)  cognitive dissonance

Question 2

While waiting for a bus, witnesses hear a man growing increasingly frantic as he cries, "My nitro tablets. Where are my nitro pills? I can't find my nitro tablets, and I'm having a heart attack!" He collapses to the ground, clutching his chest. Everyone knows that it is a medical emergency. In this situation, who is most likely to help?

Accepted Answer

A)  James, who has recently completed a CPR course 
B)  Anita, who hears a voice from the back of the crowd, "Let me through! I'm a doctor!" and follows the lead of this model 
C)  Gene, who has been sued before for leaving the scene of an accident 
D)  Arthur, who notices that blood is streaming down the man's chin and onto his shirt 
A)  James, who has recently completed a CPR course 
B)  Anita, who hears a voice from the back of the crowd, "Let me through! I'm a doctor!" and follows the lead of this model 
C)  Gene, who has been sued before for leaving the scene of an accident 
D)  Arthur, who notices that blood is streaming down the man's chin and onto his shirt

Question 3

Researchers (Isen & Levin, 1972) found that mall shoppers who found dimes were more likely to help a stranger pick up papers he had dropped. These results suggest that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  participants thought the money belonged to the man and wanted to return it 
B)  finding a dime put people in a good mood and increased their helping 
C)  finding a dime instead of a quarter disappointed people, and this negative mood increased helping 
D)  thinking happy thoughts enhances both mood and helping 
A)  participants thought the money belonged to the man and wanted to return it 
B)  finding a dime put people in a good mood and increased their helping 
C)  finding a dime instead of a quarter disappointed people, and this negative mood increased helping 
D)  thinking happy thoughts enhances both mood and helping

Question 4

According to Milgram's urban overload hypothesis, if you have a heart attack, where do you want to be when you have that heart attack?

Accepted Answer

A)  In a large city where there are more people who can help. 
B)  In a small town where there are fewer people and distractions. 
C)  In a moderately sized town where there is a balance between number of people and fewer distractions. 
D)  In a large city, at a busy intersection. 
A)  In a large city where there are more people who can help. 
B)  In a small town where there are fewer people and distractions. 
C)  In a moderately sized town where there is a balance between number of people and fewer distractions. 
D)  In a large city, at a busy intersection.

Question 5

Researchers staged an incident in which a man fell down with a cry of pain and raised his pant leg to reveal a bloody injury. The staged scene was repeated in both rural and urban areas. When Amato counted the number of passersby who stopped to help the man, he found that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  no matter where the staged incident occurred, people were equally likely to help 
B)  people in small towns helped more than people in urban areas 
C)  because the man was a stranger, people in rural areas helped less 
D)  women in rural areas helped more than men, but in urban areas there was no gender difference 
A)  no matter where the staged incident occurred, people were equally likely to help 
B)  people in small towns helped more than people in urban areas 
C)  because the man was a stranger, people in rural areas helped less 
D)  women in rural areas helped more than men, but in urban areas there was no gender difference

Question 6

Which of the following statements is most closely related to the empathy-altruism hypothesis (Batson, 1991)?

Accepted Answer

A)  "You scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours." 
B)  "Before you accuse me, take a look at yourself." 
C)  "Walk a mile in my shoes." 
D)  "I'll gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today." 
A)  "You scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours." 
B)  "Before you accuse me, take a look at yourself." 
C)  "Walk a mile in my shoes." 
D)  "I'll gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today."

Question 7

According to the urban overload hypothesis, people in cities should be less likely to help than people in small towns because people __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  in small towns have grown up with more trusting attitudes 
B)  who live in cities are more likely to experience diffusion of responsibility 
C)  in small towns tend to be more religious 
D)  living in cities tend to keep to themselves 
A)  in small towns have grown up with more trusting attitudes 
B)  who live in cities are more likely to experience diffusion of responsibility 
C)  in small towns tend to be more religious 
D)  living in cities tend to keep to themselves

Question 8

According to your text, which of the following scenario's is least likely defended by a social exchange theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Helping Todd today will allow someone else to help me tomorrow. 
B)  When Anya cried out for help, Paul intervened to relieve his own distress. 
C)  When Klis helped Jana, he was rewarded by the claps of the bystanders. 
D)  Javier empathized with Moises when he dropped his groceries, so he helped him pick them up. 
A)  Helping Todd today will allow someone else to help me tomorrow. 
B)  When Anya cried out for help, Paul intervened to relieve his own distress. 
C)  When Klis helped Jana, he was rewarded by the claps of the bystanders. 
D)  Javier empathized with Moises when he dropped his groceries, so he helped him pick them up.

Question 9

Some evolutionary psychologists argue that in our distant past, those who selfishly pursued their own individual interests would be less likely to survive to pass on their genes. This argument lies at the heart of __________ as a source of altruistic behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  kin selection 
B)  social exchange 
C)  the reciprocity norm 
D)  the ability to learn social norms 
A)  kin selection 
B)  social exchange 
C)  the reciprocity norm 
D)  the ability to learn social norms

Question 10

Suppose Dan is late for a very important meeting. As he runs toward his car, he sees a woman using crutches who has dropped a large stack of papers onto a busy sidewalk. Dan feels a great deal of empathy for this woman because he remembers how tough it was when he had to use crutches a couple years before. According to the empathy-altruism hypothesis, Dan will __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  help her pick up the papers because he knows that she and other people around them will think he's a nice person 
B)  help her pick up the papers because he wants to reduce his own and her distress 
C)  help her pick up the papers because he wants to feel good about himself 
D)  not help her pick up the papers because he knows how long it takes to pick up papers 
A)  help her pick up the papers because he knows that she and other people around them will think he's a nice person 
B)  help her pick up the papers because he wants to reduce his own and her distress 
C)  help her pick up the papers because he wants to feel good about himself 
D)  not help her pick up the papers because he knows how long it takes to pick up papers

Question 11

Marla has revised her will to ensure that upon her death, all of her functioning organs (corneas, liver, kidneys, heart, and so on) will be used to help transplant patients. She's told no one about her actions, and expects nothing in return. This is an example of __________ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  altruistic 
B)  evolutionarily adaptive 
C)  self-sacrificing 
D)  normative 
A)  altruistic 
B)  evolutionarily adaptive 
C)  self-sacrificing 
D)  normative

Question 12

Some have speculated that people in rural areas are more likely to help than are people in urban areas because "trust" and "being neighborly" are more valued in rural than in urban settings. Were this true, who would be most likely to help a stranger who needed assistance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carla, who has lived her whole life in Chicago 
B)  Jeanie, who moved from New York to a small town in Iowa 
C)  Tammie, who is visiting Chicago from a small town in Vermont 
D)  Connie, who never spent more than two years in any one place 
A)  Carla, who has lived her whole life in Chicago 
B)  Jeanie, who moved from New York to a small town in Iowa 
C)  Tammie, who is visiting Chicago from a small town in Vermont 
D)  Connie, who never spent more than two years in any one place

Question 13

Annie works with AIDS patients to get an idea of whether she wants to pursue social work as a career. Bert volunteers at a mental hospital to fulfill a class requirement. Stacey paints a mural for her old school because her sorority requires her to do a community service project. George helps the elderly prepare their income tax returns because his accounting firm will not give him a Christmas bonus if he does not volunteer. Who is most likely to engage in volunteer work again in the future?

Accepted Answer

A)  Annie 
B)  Bert 
C)  Stacey 
D)  George 
A)  Annie 
B)  Bert 
C)  Stacey 
D)  George

Question 14

"Put yourself in my position," Janice whines. "Can't you spare an hour to help me out?" Janice is attempting to evoke __________ when trying to persuade you to help her.

Accepted Answer

A)  empathy 
B)  the reciprocity norm 
C)  kin selection 
D)  social exchange pressures 
A)  empathy 
B)  the reciprocity norm 
C)  kin selection 
D)  social exchange pressures

Question 15

Which of the following does NOT represent prosocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Joanne goes to her job every day to earn her paycheck. 
B)  Glory tutors a young boy in math at his school. 
C)  Jeremy purchases groceries and delivers them for his grandma. 
D)  Jerrika counsels teens who are struggling with stress. 
A)  Joanne goes to her job every day to earn her paycheck. 
B)  Glory tutors a young boy in math at his school. 
C)  Jeremy purchases groceries and delivers them for his grandma. 
D)  Jerrika counsels teens who are struggling with stress.

Question 16

The phenomenon in which each bystander's sense of responsibility to help __________ as the number of witnesses __________ best defines diffusion of responsibility.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases; increases 
B)  increases; increases 
C)  decreases; decreases 
D)  increases; decreases 
A)  decreases; increases 
B)  increases; increases 
C)  decreases; decreases 
D)  increases; decreases

Question 17

Of the following people, who would be most likely to be found working at the local food bank?

Accepted Answer

A)  George, a 54-year-old engineer 
B)  Jessica, a 20-year-old student 
C)  Frank, a 16-year-old student 
D)  Jose, a 65-year-old firefighter 
A)  George, a 54-year-old engineer 
B)  Jessica, a 20-year-old student 
C)  Frank, a 16-year-old student 
D)  Jose, a 65-year-old firefighter

Question 18

According to the bystander effect (Latané & Darley, 1970), if you just witnessed a mugging, you will be most likely to call for help if you __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are the sole witness 
B)  are one of seven witnesses 
C)  are in a good mood prior to the mugging 
D)  perceive yourself as similar to the victim 
A)  are the sole witness 
B)  are one of seven witnesses 
C)  are in a good mood prior to the mugging 
D)  perceive yourself as similar to the victim

Question 19

Pluralistic ignorance is an example of the power of __________ to inhibit helping.

Accepted Answer

A)  urban overload 
B)  diffusion of responsibility 
C)  negative-state relief effects 
D)  informational social influence 
A)  urban overload 
B)  diffusion of responsibility 
C)  negative-state relief effects 
D)  informational social influence

Question 20

Given empirical support for the bystander effect (Latané & Darley, 1970), all things being equal, you would be more likely to get needed assistance were you to have a heart attack __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  at a large convention of ministers 
B)  when having a conversation with one other person 
C)  in a busy restaurant 
D)  at a crowded shopping mall 
A)  at a large convention of ministers 
B)  when having a conversation with one other person 
C)  in a busy restaurant 
D)  at a crowded shopping mall

The authors of your text offer three main motives as to why people help others. Which of the following is NOT one of those motives?

Researchers (Isen & Levin, 1972) found that mall shoppers who found dimes were more likely to help a stranger pick up papers he had dropped. These results suggest that __________.

According to Milgram's urban overload hypothesis, if you have a heart attack, where do you want to be when you have that heart attack?

Researchers staged an incident in which a man fell down with a cry of pain and raised his pant leg to reveal a bloody injury. The staged scene was repeated in both rural and urban areas. When Amato counted the number of passersby who stopped to help the man, he found that __________.

Which of the following statements is most closely related to the empathy-altruism hypothesis (Batson, 1991)?

According to the urban overload hypothesis, people in cities should be less likely to help than people in small towns because people __________.

According to your text, which of the following scenario's is least likely defended by a social exchange theory?

Some evolutionary psychologists argue that in our distant past, those who selfishly pursued their own individual interests would be less likely to survive to pass on their genes. This argument lies at the heart of __________ as a source of altruistic behavior.

Marla has revised her will to ensure that upon her death, all of her functioning organs (corneas, liver, kidneys, heart, and so on) will be used to help transplant patients. She's told no one about her actions, and expects nothing in return. This is an example of __________ behavior.

Some have speculated that people in rural areas are more likely to help than are people in urban areas because "trust" and "being neighborly" are more valued in rural than in urban settings. Were this true, who would be most likely to help a stranger who needed assistance?

"Put yourself in my position," Janice whines. "Can't you spare an hour to help me out?" Janice is attempting to evoke __________ when trying to persuade you to help her.

Which of the following does NOT represent prosocial behavior?

The phenomenon in which each bystander's sense of responsibility to help as the number of witnesses best defines diffusion of responsibility.

Of the following people, who would be most likely to be found working at the local food bank?

According to the bystander effect (Latané & Darley, 1970), if you just witnessed a mugging, you will be most likely to call for help if you __________.

Pluralistic ignorance is an example of the power of __________ to inhibit helping.

Given empirical support for the bystander effect (Latané & Darley, 1970), all things being equal, you would be more likely to get needed assistance were you to have a heart attack __________.

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Cognitive Dissonance and the Need to Protect Our Self-Esteem

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity and Obedience: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Attraction and Relationships: From Initial Impressions to Long-Term Intimacy

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes, Consequences, and Cures

Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable and Happy Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Exam 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

The authors of your text offer three main motives as to why people help others. Which of the following is NOT one of those motives?

Researchers (Isen & Levin, 1972) found that mall shoppers who found dimes were more likely to help a stranger pick up papers he had dropped. These results suggest that __________.

According to Milgram's urban overload hypothesis, if you have a heart attack, where do you want to be when you have that heart attack?

Researchers staged an incident in which a man fell down with a cry of pain and raised his pant leg to reveal a bloody injury. The staged scene was repeated in both rural and urban areas. When Amato counted the number of passersby who stopped to help the man, he found that __________.

Which of the following statements is most closely related to the empathy-altruism hypothesis (Batson, 1991)?

According to the urban overload hypothesis, people in cities should be less likely to help than people in small towns because people __________.

According to your text, which of the following scenario's is least likely defended by a social exchange theory?

Some evolutionary psychologists argue that in our distant past, those who selfishly pursued their own individual interests would be less likely to survive to pass on their genes. This argument lies at the heart of __________ as a source of altruistic behavior.

Marla has revised her will to ensure that upon her death, all of her functioning organs (corneas, liver, kidneys, heart, and so on) will be used to help transplant patients. She's told no one about her actions, and expects nothing in return. This is an example of __________ behavior.

Some have speculated that people in rural areas are more likely to help than are people in urban areas because "trust" and "being neighborly" are more valued in rural than in urban settings. Were this true, who would be most likely to help a stranger who needed assistance?

"Put yourself in my position," Janice whines. "Can't you spare an hour to help me out?" Janice is attempting to evoke __________ when trying to persuade you to help her.

Which of the following does NOT represent prosocial behavior?

The phenomenon in which each bystander's sense of responsibility to help __________ as the number of witnesses __________ best defines diffusion of responsibility.

Of the following people, who would be most likely to be found working at the local food bank?

According to the bystander effect (Latané & Darley, 1970), if you just witnessed a mugging, you will be most likely to call for help if you __________.

Pluralistic ignorance is an example of the power of __________ to inhibit helping.

Given empirical support for the bystander effect (Latané & Darley, 1970), all things being equal, you would be more likely to get needed assistance were you to have a heart attack __________.

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Cognitive Dissonance and the Need to Protect Our Self-Esteem

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity and Obedience: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Attraction and Relationships: From Initial Impressions to Long-Term Intimacy

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes, Consequences, and Cures

Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable and Happy Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

The phenomenon in which each bystander's sense of responsibility to help as the number of witnesses best defines diffusion of responsibility.