Question 1

During El Niño events,coastal populations of anchovies and sardines

Accepted Answer

A) flourish as seabird populations decline. 
B) decline as sea lion populations flourish. 
C) flourish as sea lion populations decline. 
D) decline as phytoplankton populations decline. 
E) flourish as phytoplankton populations flourish. 
A) flourish as seabird populations decline. 
B) decline as sea lion populations flourish. 
C) flourish as sea lion populations decline. 
D) decline as phytoplankton populations decline. 
E) flourish as phytoplankton populations flourish. D

Question 2

Using the Boolean Logical Operator "or" will typically

Accepted Answer

A) yield more references. 
B) yield fewer references. 
C) exclude certain types of references from your search. 
D) locate references including a particular word or term with alternative endings. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) yield more references. 
B) yield fewer references. 
C) exclude certain types of references from your search. 
D) locate references including a particular word or term with alternative endings. 
E) None of the choices are correct. A

Question 3

Strongly negative values of the Southern Oscillation Index are associated with La Niña events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

During the past century,the average global temperature has risen

Accepted Answer

A) 0.7$\degree$C 
B) 1.5$\degree$C 
C) 3.5$\degree$C 
D) 5.5$\degree$C 
E) 10.5$\degree$C 
A) 0.7$\degree$C 
B) 1.5$\degree$C 
C) 3.5$\degree$C 
D) 5.5$\degree$C 
E) 10.5$\degree$C

Question 5

Fur seals and sea lions in the Galápagos Islands experience population declines during El Niño events because

Accepted Answer

A) their hibernation cues are disrupted by the unusual climate. 
B) they are not capable of effective thermoregulation in the cooler waters around the islands. 
C) the fish they feed upon move further offshore in search of warmer water. 
D) the fish they feed upon move offshore and deeper in search of cooler water. 
E) the fish they feed on are driven to local extinction. 
A) their hibernation cues are disrupted by the unusual climate. 
B) they are not capable of effective thermoregulation in the cooler waters around the islands. 
C) the fish they feed upon move further offshore in search of warmer water. 
D) the fish they feed upon move offshore and deeper in search of cooler water. 
E) the fish they feed on are driven to local extinction.

Question 6

Periodic increases and decreases in red kangaroo populations in Australia are associated with

Accepted Answer

A) predator-driven population cycles. 
B) parasite population cycles. 
C) sunspot cycles. 
D) the El Niño - Southern Oscillation. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) predator-driven population cycles. 
B) parasite population cycles. 
C) sunspot cycles. 
D) the El Niño - Southern Oscillation. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following make important contributions to nitrogen fixation by human activities?

Accepted Answer

A) combustion of fossil fuels 
B) industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers 
C) use of crop rotation in agriculture 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) only industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers and use of crop rotation in agriculture 
A) combustion of fossil fuels 
B) industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers 
C) use of crop rotation in agriculture 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) only industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers and use of crop rotation in agriculture

Question 8

The 1987 Montreal Protocol was an agreement to limit human production of

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide. 
B) nitrate. 
C) PCBs. 
D) lead paint. 
E) chlorofluorocarbons. 
A) carbon dioxide. 
B) nitrate. 
C) PCBs. 
D) lead paint. 
E) chlorofluorocarbons.

Question 9

Nitrogen fixation due to human activities now exceeds total global fixation by all other biotic and abiotic agents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Episodes of lower sea surface temperatures and higher barometric pressure in the eastern tropical Pacific are known as La Niña events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Ozone in the stratosphere is destroyed during breakdown of ________ molecules.

Accepted Answer

chlorofluo

Question 12

Before life evolved on Earth,the atmosphere

Accepted Answer

A) had much higher concentrations of oxygen. 
B) had much lower concentrations of carbon dioxide. 
C) was more or less the same as it is now. 
D) had much lower concentrations of oxygen. 
E) had much lower concentrations of hydrogen. 
A) had much higher concentrations of oxygen. 
B) had much lower concentrations of carbon dioxide. 
C) was more or less the same as it is now. 
D) had much lower concentrations of oxygen. 
E) had much lower concentrations of hydrogen.

Question 13

Negative values on the Southern Oscillation Index indicate

Accepted Answer

A) lower barometric pressure in the western Pacific Ocean. 
B) lower barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean. 
C) lower barometric pressure in the northern Pacific Ocean. 
D) higher barometric pressure in the southern Pacific Ocean. 
E) higher barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean. 
A) lower barometric pressure in the western Pacific Ocean. 
B) lower barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean. 
C) lower barometric pressure in the northern Pacific Ocean. 
D) higher barometric pressure in the southern Pacific Ocean. 
E) higher barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

Question 14

The __________ is the layer of atmosphere which extends from the earth's surface to an altitude of 9 to 16 km.

Accepted Answer

A) stratosphere 
B) mesosphere 
C) thermosphere 
D) troposphere 
E) ozonosphere 
A) stratosphere 
B) mesosphere 
C) thermosphere 
D) troposphere 
E) ozonosphere

Question 15

Concentrations of ozone in earth's atmosphere are highest in the

Accepted Answer

A) troposphere. 
B) stratosphere. 
C) mesosphere. 
D) thermosphere. 
E) ozonosphere. 
A) troposphere. 
B) stratosphere. 
C) mesosphere. 
D) thermosphere. 
E) ozonosphere.

Question 16

La Niña brings higher than average precipitation to

Accepted Answer

A) North America. 
B) South America. 
C) Australia. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) both North America and South America. 
A) North America. 
B) South America. 
C) Australia. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) both North America and South America.

Question 17

By measuring the CO2 concentration in the Vostok ice core,scientists were able to show that atmospheric CO2 concentrations fluctuated substantially over the last 160,000 years and periods of low atmospheric CO2 concentration correspond with

Accepted Answer

A) warmer interglacial periods. 
B) colder ice age periods. 
C) years of above average precipitation. 
D) years of below average precipitation. 
E) both warmer interglacial periods and years of below average precipitation. 
A) warmer interglacial periods. 
B) colder ice age periods. 
C) years of above average precipitation. 
D) years of below average precipitation. 
E) both warmer interglacial periods and years of below average precipitation.

Question 18

Human release of CO2 into the atmosphere accelerated during World War I and World War II.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

During El Niño events,primary production by phytoplankton increases sharply in the Great Salt Lake of Utah.This is because

Accepted Answer

A) water temperatures increase. 
B) nutrient concentrations are increased as lake volume shrinks. 
C) decreasing salinity allows invasion of predators that control brine shrimp populations. 
D) decreasing salinity allows invasion of more phytoplankton species. 
E) decreasing dissolved oxygen increases the efficiency of photosynthesis. 
A) water temperatures increase. 
B) nutrient concentrations are increased as lake volume shrinks. 
C) decreasing salinity allows invasion of predators that control brine shrimp populations. 
D) decreasing salinity allows invasion of more phytoplankton species. 
E) decreasing dissolved oxygen increases the efficiency of photosynthesis.

Question 20

Greenhouse gases help keep the surface of the earth warm by absorbing _____ emitted by the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) visible light,sun 
B) ultraviolet radiation,earth 
C) infrared radiation,sun 
D) infrared radiation,earth 
E) visible light,earth 
A) visible light,sun 
B) ultraviolet radiation,earth 
C) infrared radiation,sun 
D) infrared radiation,earth 
E) visible light,earth

Exam 23: Global Ecology

During El Niño events,coastal populations of anchovies and sardines

Using the Boolean Logical Operator "or" will typically

Strongly negative values of the Southern Oscillation Index are associated with La Niña events.

During the past century,the average global temperature has risen

Fur seals and sea lions in the Galápagos Islands experience population declines during El Niño events because

Periodic increases and decreases in red kangaroo populations in Australia are associated with

Which of the following make important contributions to nitrogen fixation by human activities?

The 1987 Montreal Protocol was an agreement to limit human production of

Nitrogen fixation due to human activities now exceeds total global fixation by all other biotic and abiotic agents.

Episodes of lower sea surface temperatures and higher barometric pressure in the eastern tropical Pacific are known as La Niña events.

Ozone in the stratosphere is destroyed during breakdown of ________ molecules.

Before life evolved on Earth,the atmosphere

Negative values on the Southern Oscillation Index indicate

The __________ is the layer of atmosphere which extends from the earth's surface to an altitude of 9 to 16 km.

Concentrations of ozone in earth's atmosphere are highest in the

La Niña brings higher than average precipitation to

By measuring the CO2 concentration in the Vostok ice core,scientists were able to show that atmospheric CO2 concentrations fluctuated substantially over the last 160,000 years and periods of low atmospheric CO2 concentration correspond with

Human release of CO2 into the atmosphere accelerated during World War I and World War II.

During El Niño events,primary production by phytoplankton increases sharply in the Great Salt Lake of Utah.This is because

Greenhouse gases help keep the surface of the earth warm by absorbing _____ emitted by the _____.

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Filters

By measuring the CO₂ concentration in the Vostok ice core,scientists were able to show that atmospheric CO₂ concentrations fluctuated substantially over the last 160,000 years and periods of low atmospheric CO₂ concentration correspond with

Human release of CO₂ into the atmosphere accelerated during World War I and World War II.

Greenhouse gases help keep the surface of the earth warm by absorbing _ emitted by the _.