Exam 21: Landscape Ecology

There is experimental evidence to support the theory that the negative impact of fragmentation and isolation on populations can be reduced by connecting habitat fragments with corridors of similar habitat.

Haddad and Baum demonstrated that corridors between patches of open habitat in dense 40- to 50-year-old pine forests of South Carolina

Vegetation in bajadas of the Arizona Sonoran Desert

Reduced regulation of water flow in the Kissimmee River has led to increases in populations of fish that require highly oxygenated water.

Studies by Hanski,Kuussaari,and Nieminen determined that ______ and _____ of patches strongly influence the size and density of Glanville fritillary butterfly,Melitaea cinxia,populations.

The element within the landscape that is most continuous is called the _______.

Flood control on the Kissimmee River of Florida

Recent conversion of forests to beaver ponds and wet meadows

Vegetation in southern California burns frequently because

McAuliffe found middle to late Pleistocene soils of the Sonoran Desert,which formed hundreds of thousands of years ago,were characterized by

Which is NOT an important effect of floods on landscapes and ecosystems in riverine floodplains?

Expansion of forest in Veluwe,Netherlands at the expense of heathland has occurred primarily as a result of

When measuring the coastline of Texas,which of these rulers would give you the shortest estimate of coastline length?

The "Mann-Whitney test"

During droughts,water levels are likely to drop most steeply in lakes at the lower end of hydrological flow systems.

Given the following data,calculate the Mann-Whitney statistic U for the stream draining the boreal forest. Measurements(deciduous) Ranks Measurements(boreal) Ranks 13.1 1 100.9 7 16.9 2 111.2 8 24.2 3 113.5 9 30.6 4 151.1 10 32.8 5 172.3 11 41.1 6 206.6 12 218.8 13 442.4 14 =7 =34 =7 =71

More isolated Finnish meadows support higher densities of Glanville fritillaries.

A large value of the patch shape index,S = P/(2 $\surd$ $\pi$ A),indicates a

The recognition that the length of a coastline depends on the scale at which it is measured is a result of the branch of mathematics called ___________.

A heterogeneous area consisting of a patchwork of distinctive ecosystems is called a ___________.