Question 1

Gause's experiments with Paramecium and Didinium showed

Accepted Answer

A) extinction of the predator,followed by extinction of the prey,in all habitats. 
B) coexistence of predator and prey at fairly constant population sizes,in all habitats. 
C) coexistence of predator and prey,but with oscillating population sizes,in all habitats. 
D) coexistence of predator and prey at fairly constant population sizes,but only in the presence of refuges and predator reservoirs. 
E) coexistence of predator and prey with oscillating population sizes,but only in the presence of refuges and predator reservoirs. 
A) extinction of the predator,followed by extinction of the prey,in all habitats. 
B) coexistence of predator and prey at fairly constant population sizes,in all habitats. 
C) coexistence of predator and prey,but with oscillating population sizes,in all habitats. 
D) coexistence of predator and prey at fairly constant population sizes,but only in the presence of refuges and predator reservoirs. 
E) coexistence of predator and prey with oscillating population sizes,but only in the presence of refuges and predator reservoirs. E

Question 2

An organism inducing disease in its host is called a ______________.

Accepted Answer

pathogen

Question 3

In the Lotka-Volterra predation model,a predator population in the absence of prey (hosts)would

Accepted Answer

A) grow exponentially. 
B) grow logistically. 
C) decline as predators die. 
D) decline at first,but then increase as predators switch to other modes of feeding. 
E) decline at first,but then reach a small equilibrium population size. 
A) grow exponentially. 
B) grow logistically. 
C) decline as predators die. 
D) decline at first,but then increase as predators switch to other modes of feeding. 
E) decline at first,but then reach a small equilibrium population size. C

Question 4

Calculate standard error given: $\bar { x } = 56.2$ mm,s = 6.2 mm,and n = 10.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.62 mm 
B) 0.88 mm 
C) 1.96 mm 
D) 9.06 mm 
E) 17.8 mm 
A) 0.62 mm 
B) 0.88 mm 
C) 1.96 mm 
D) 9.06 mm 
E) 17.8 mm

Question 5

_______________________ is the idea that predators can have non-lethal effects on prey's behavior in which they avoid high-risk locations.

Accepted Answer

"The ecolo

Question 6

Which statement about snowshoe hare and lynx populations in boreal Canada is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Lynx are not the only important predator of snowshoe hares. 
B) Lynx and hare populations both oscillate repeatedly,with a similar period. 
C) Snowshoe hares rarely deplete their food supply enough to affect their population biology. 
D) Trapping records kept by non-scientists can provide useful records of hare population sizes. 
E) Field experiments imply that hare cycles depend both on the hares' food and their predators. 
A) Lynx are not the only important predator of snowshoe hares. 
B) Lynx and hare populations both oscillate repeatedly,with a similar period. 
C) Snowshoe hares rarely deplete their food supply enough to affect their population biology. 
D) Trapping records kept by non-scientists can provide useful records of hare population sizes. 
E) Field experiments imply that hare cycles depend both on the hares' food and their predators.

Question 7

A "negatively phototaxic" amphipod will swim

Accepted Answer

A) away from parasitic worms. 
B) towards parasitic worms. 
C) away from competing amphipods. 
D) towards light. 
E) away from light. 
A) away from parasitic worms. 
B) towards parasitic worms. 
C) away from competing amphipods. 
D) towards light. 
E) away from light.

Question 8

Periodical cicadas spend 13 or 17 years

Accepted Answer

A) feeding in tree twigs before emerging as adults. 
B) feeding on tree roots before emerging as adults. 
C) as adults before laying eggs. 
D) in a resistant,resting egg before hatching as larvae. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) feeding in tree twigs before emerging as adults. 
B) feeding on tree roots before emerging as adults. 
C) as adults before laying eggs. 
D) in a resistant,resting egg before hatching as larvae. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following is a result of infection of Arabis by the plant parasite Puccinia monoica?

Accepted Answer

A) formation of an elongated rosette topped by a cluster of bright yellow leaves 
B) formation of a pseudoflower that resembles the flower of a buttercup 
C) insect transfer of spermatia from one fungus to another 
D) elimination of seed formation by the host plant 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) formation of an elongated rosette topped by a cluster of bright yellow leaves 
B) formation of a pseudoflower that resembles the flower of a buttercup 
C) insect transfer of spermatia from one fungus to another 
D) elimination of seed formation by the host plant 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 10

A species feeding on the tissue of its host,while not killing it directly,is a

Accepted Answer

A) predator. 
B) parasite. 
C) parasitoid. 
D) cannibal. 
E) debilitator. 
A) predator. 
B) parasite. 
C) parasitoid. 
D) cannibal. 
E) debilitator.

Question 11

The defensive tactic in which prey reduce their individual probability of being eaten by occurring at very high densities is called

Accepted Answer

A) prey satiation. 
B) prey dilution. 
C) predator dilution. 
D) predator satiation. 
E) predator masting. 
A) prey satiation. 
B) prey dilution. 
C) predator dilution. 
D) predator satiation. 
E) predator masting.

Question 12

Bethel and Holmes demonstrated

Accepted Answer

A) positive phototaxis in Acanthocephalans infected by amphipods. 
B) negative phototaxis in Acanthocephalans infected by amphipods. 
C) positive phototaxis in amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans. 
D) negative phototaxis in amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans. 
E) increased herbivory by amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans. 
A) positive phototaxis in Acanthocephalans infected by amphipods. 
B) negative phototaxis in Acanthocephalans infected by amphipods. 
C) positive phototaxis in amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans. 
D) negative phototaxis in amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans. 
E) increased herbivory by amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans.

Question 13

__________ consume live plant material but do not usually kill plants.

Accepted Answer

A) Predators 
B) Pathogens 
C) Herbivores 
D) Parasites 
E) Parasitoids 
A) Predators 
B) Pathogens 
C) Herbivores 
D) Parasites 
E) Parasitoids

Question 14

Ephemerellid mayflies under attack by stoneflies will typically

Accepted Answer

A) swim away to escape possible predation. 
B) rely on their cryptic coloration to escape detection. 
C) rely on their spiny appendages to deter attack. 
D) adopt a posture which increases their apparent size,so that the predator will avoid them. 
E) burrow into the stream bottom. 
A) swim away to escape possible predation. 
B) rely on their cryptic coloration to escape detection. 
C) rely on their spiny appendages to deter attack. 
D) adopt a posture which increases their apparent size,so that the predator will avoid them. 
E) burrow into the stream bottom.

Question 15

Birds are more effective predators than bats on foliage-living arthropods in tropical lowland forests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The Lotka-Volterra predation model predicts that predators and prey,living together,will show

Accepted Answer

A) oscillations in population size that increase in amplitude through time. 
B) oscillations in population size that remain of constant amplitude through time. 
C) oscillations in population size that decrease in amplitude through time. 
D) oscillations,but only when outside forces such as climatic variation are also present. 
E) steady equilibria in population sizes. 
A) oscillations in population size that increase in amplitude through time. 
B) oscillations in population size that remain of constant amplitude through time. 
C) oscillations in population size that decrease in amplitude through time. 
D) oscillations,but only when outside forces such as climatic variation are also present. 
E) steady equilibria in population sizes.

Question 17

Plagiorhynchus worms and Puccinia rusts are parasites that share the ability to change their host's behavior in way that

Accepted Answer

A) increase the length of time they can survive in their hosts. 
B) decrease their host's mortality rates. 
C) increase their hosts reproduction,thereby increasing production of parasite-infected offspring. 
D) increase the likelihood of their (the parasites')transmission to a new host. 
E) decrease the hosts' vulnerability to other parasites. 
A) increase the length of time they can survive in their hosts. 
B) decrease their host's mortality rates. 
C) increase their hosts reproduction,thereby increasing production of parasite-infected offspring. 
D) increase the likelihood of their (the parasites')transmission to a new host. 
E) decrease the hosts' vulnerability to other parasites.

Question 18

Which of the following is not an example of altered behavior of the pill bug,Armadillidum vulgare,when infected by the parasite,Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus?

Accepted Answer

A) spends less time in sheltered areas 
B) positive phototaxis 
C) spends more time in low humidity environments 
D) seeks out light substrates 
E) all are examples of altered behavior of the pill bug when infected by the parasite 
A) spends less time in sheltered areas 
B) positive phototaxis 
C) spends more time in low humidity environments 
D) seeks out light substrates 
E) all are examples of altered behavior of the pill bug when infected by the parasite

Question 19

In most laboratory experiments,predators and prey held together in simple habitats exhibit repeated cycles in population sizes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following factors can stabilize predator-prey relationships by providing a prey refuge?

Accepted Answer

A) an area of prey habitat where predators cannot enter 
B) an area of prey habitat that is isolated and difficult for predators to find 
C) the occurrence of prey in numbers too large for predators to attack effectively 
D) the ability of prey to grow to a size invulnerable to predation 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) an area of prey habitat where predators cannot enter 
B) an area of prey habitat that is isolated and difficult for predators to find 
C) the occurrence of prey in numbers too large for predators to attack effectively 
D) the ability of prey to grow to a size invulnerable to predation 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Exam 14: Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Gause's experiments with Paramecium and Didinium showed

An organism inducing disease in its host is called a ______________.

In the Lotka-Volterra predation model,a predator population in the absence of prey (hosts)would

Calculate standard error given: xˉ=56.2\bar { x } = 56.2xˉ=56.2 mm,s = 6.2 mm,and n = 10.

_______________________ is the idea that predators can have non-lethal effects on prey's behavior in which they avoid high-risk locations.

Which statement about snowshoe hare and lynx populations in boreal Canada is false?

A "negatively phototaxic" amphipod will swim

Periodical cicadas spend 13 or 17 years

Which of the following is a result of infection of Arabis by the plant parasite Puccinia monoica?

A species feeding on the tissue of its host,while not killing it directly,is a

The defensive tactic in which prey reduce their individual probability of being eaten by occurring at very high densities is called

Bethel and Holmes demonstrated

__________ consume live plant material but do not usually kill plants.

Ephemerellid mayflies under attack by stoneflies will typically

Birds are more effective predators than bats on foliage-living arthropods in tropical lowland forests.

The Lotka-Volterra predation model predicts that predators and prey,living together,will show

Plagiorhynchus worms and Puccinia rusts are parasites that share the ability to change their host's behavior in way that

Which of the following is not an example of altered behavior of the pill bug,Armadillidum vulgare,when infected by the parasite,Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus?

In most laboratory experiments,predators and prey held together in simple habitats exhibit repeated cycles in population sizes.

Which of the following factors can stabilize predator-prey relationships by providing a prey refuge?

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

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Calculate standard error given: $\bar { x } = 56.2$ mm,s = 6.2 mm,and n = 10.