Question 1

In a population of birds,the average beak size is selected against and the large and small sized beaks are selected for.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) directional selection. 
B) disruptive selection. 
C) stabilizing selection. 
D) natural selection. 
E) balanced polymorphism. 
A) directional selection. 
B) disruptive selection. 
C) stabilizing selection. 
D) natural selection. 
E) balanced polymorphism. B

Question 2

A recent study of the finch
G.fortis on Santa Cruz Island showed that directional selection has resulted in larger beak size.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

What results could Clausen,Keck,and Hiesey have expected to see if alpine,mid-elevation,and lowland populations of sticky cinquefoil (Potentilla glandulosa)were not genetically different?

Accepted Answer

A) mid-elevation plants grew best at mid-elevations 
B) alpine plants produced more flowers at alpine elevations 
C) lowland plants did not produce the most flowers at any elevation 
D) lowland plants grew better than alpine plants at lowland elevations 
E) all plants would grew equally well at all elevations 
A) mid-elevation plants grew best at mid-elevations 
B) alpine plants produced more flowers at alpine elevations 
C) lowland plants did not produce the most flowers at any elevation 
D) lowland plants grew better than alpine plants at lowland elevations 
E) all plants would grew equally well at all elevations E

Question 4

In a population of lizards,the average and long length tails are selected against and the short tails are selected for.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) directional selection. 
B) disruptive selection. 
C) stabilizing selection. 
D) natural selection. 
E) balanced polymorphism. 
A) directional selection. 
B) disruptive selection. 
C) stabilizing selection. 
D) natural selection. 
E) balanced polymorphism.

Question 5

Darwin is often considered the father of evolutionary thought.Which of the following terms is/are not part of Darwin's analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) gene frequencies 
B) natural selection 
C) adaptation 
D) fitness 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) gene frequencies 
B) natural selection 
C) adaptation 
D) fitness 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 6

For a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,in a situation where there are only two alleles at a particular locus,the proportions of genotypes are: SS = 0.64,Ss = 0.32,and ss = 0.04.Calculate the allele frequency for the recessive allele.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.04 
B) 0.2 
C) 0.32 
D) 0.64 
E) 0.8 
A) 0.04 
B) 0.2 
C) 0.32 
D) 0.64 
E) 0.8

Question 7

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation:

Accepted Answer

A) q2 - qp + p2 = 1.0 
B) 2pq - q2 - 2p = 1.0 
C) q2 - qp2 + p = 1.0 
D) p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.0 
E) p2 + pq + q2 = 1.0 
A) q2 - qp + p2 = 1.0 
B) 2pq - q2 - 2p = 1.0 
C) q2 - qp2 + p = 1.0 
D) p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.0 
E) p2 + pq + q2 = 1.0

Question 8

Research conducted on the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia)can be summarized in all of the following statements except:

Accepted Answer

A) inbreeding can contribute to local extinctions. 
B) smaller meadows can contribute to local extinction. 
C) a decrease in heterozygosity can contribute to local extinctions. 
D) increase in predation can contribute to local extinctions. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) inbreeding can contribute to local extinctions. 
B) smaller meadows can contribute to local extinction. 
C) a decrease in heterozygosity can contribute to local extinctions. 
D) increase in predation can contribute to local extinctions. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Research on soapberry bugs (Jadera haematoloma)supports all of the following results except:

Accepted Answer

A) the soapberry bugs underwent developmental changes without genetic changes. 
B) beak length positively correlated with fruit diameter. 
C) genetic differences were observed between the populations in study. 
D) natural selection occurred. 
E) soapberry bugs underwent developmental changes without genetic changes and beak length positively correlated with fruit diameter. 
A) the soapberry bugs underwent developmental changes without genetic changes. 
B) beak length positively correlated with fruit diameter. 
C) genetic differences were observed between the populations in study. 
D) natural selection occurred. 
E) soapberry bugs underwent developmental changes without genetic changes and beak length positively correlated with fruit diameter.

Question 10

Vila-Aiub and colleagues found that populations of the weed Sorghum halepense that have been persistently exposed to the herbicide,glyphosate,were not resistant to its effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The transplant experiment conducted on Potentilla glandulosa determined that morphological changes occurred,but no genetic changes occurred within the various experimental populations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

All of the following conditions are included in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle except:

Accepted Answer

A) no mutation. 
B) large population size. 
C) non-random mating. 
D) no immigration. 
E) genotypes of equal fitness. 
A) no mutation. 
B) large population size. 
C) non-random mating. 
D) no immigration. 
E) genotypes of equal fitness.

Question 13

Within a population,if the average is selected for and the two opposing extremes are selected against,this is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) directional selection. 
B) disruptive selection. 
C) stabilizing selection. 
D) natural selection. 
E) balanced polymorphism. 
A) directional selection. 
B) disruptive selection. 
C) stabilizing selection. 
D) natural selection. 
E) balanced polymorphism.

Question 14

Which of the following are conditions necessary to maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A) no mutations 
B) large population 
C) equal fitness 
D) random mating 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) no mutations 
B) large population 
C) equal fitness 
D) random mating 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Using microsatellite DNA,Douglas and Brunner concluded that populations of Coregonus found in the Alps were highly differentiated and should be managed as separate units.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Evolution can be defined as

Accepted Answer

A) a process which favors the average phenotype within a population. 
B) a process that increases the average size of individuals within a population. 
C) a process of eliminating "bad" traits within a population. 
D) a change in gene frequencies in a population. 
E) the extent to which phenotypic variation is due to genetic variation. 
A) a process which favors the average phenotype within a population. 
B) a process that increases the average size of individuals within a population. 
C) a process of eliminating "bad" traits within a population. 
D) a change in gene frequencies in a population. 
E) the extent to which phenotypic variation is due to genetic variation.

Question 17

______________________ can change population gene frequencies through random processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______________________ can change population gene frequencies through...

Question 18

For thousands of years,humans have bred domesticated plants and animals to produce and maintain desirable traits,such as large fruits.Darwin used which term to describe this:

Accepted Answer

A) mutation. 
B) artificial selection. 
C) phenotypic plasticity. 
D) genetic engineering. 
E) natural selection. 
A) mutation. 
B) artificial selection. 
C) phenotypic plasticity. 
D) genetic engineering. 
E) natural selection.

Question 19

The populations of Chihuahua spruce (Picea chihuahuana)have been fragmented due to changing climatic conditions.This has resulted in

Accepted Answer

A) stabilizing selection. 
B) large population sizes. 
C) an increase in genetic diversity within populations. 
D) genetic drift. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) stabilizing selection. 
B) large population sizes. 
C) an increase in genetic diversity within populations. 
D) genetic drift. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Egg size in Ural owls is highly heritable and is currently undergoing stabilizing selection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Population Genetics and Natural Selection

In a population of birds,the average beak size is selected against and the large and small sized beaks are selected for.This is an example of

A recent study of the finch G.fortis on Santa Cruz Island showed that directional selection has resulted in larger beak size.

What results could Clausen,Keck,and Hiesey have expected to see if alpine,mid-elevation,and lowland populations of sticky cinquefoil (Potentilla glandulosa)were not genetically different?

In a population of lizards,the average and long length tails are selected against and the short tails are selected for.This is an example of

Darwin is often considered the father of evolutionary thought.Which of the following terms is/are not part of Darwin's analysis?

For a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,in a situation where there are only two alleles at a particular locus,the proportions of genotypes are: SS = 0.64,Ss = 0.32,and ss = 0.04.Calculate the allele frequency for the recessive allele.

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation:

Research conducted on the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia)can be summarized in all of the following statements except:

Research on soapberry bugs (Jadera haematoloma)supports all of the following results except:

Vila-Aiub and colleagues found that populations of the weed Sorghum halepense that have been persistently exposed to the herbicide,glyphosate,were not resistant to its effects.

The transplant experiment conducted on Potentilla glandulosa determined that morphological changes occurred,but no genetic changes occurred within the various experimental populations.

All of the following conditions are included in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle except:

Within a population,if the average is selected for and the two opposing extremes are selected against,this is an example of

Which of the following are conditions necessary to maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Using microsatellite DNA,Douglas and Brunner concluded that populations of Coregonus found in the Alps were highly differentiated and should be managed as separate units.

Evolution can be defined as

______________________ can change population gene frequencies through random processes.

For thousands of years,humans have bred domesticated plants and animals to produce and maintain desirable traits,such as large fruits.Darwin used which term to describe this:

The populations of Chihuahua spruce (Picea chihuahuana)have been fragmented due to changing climatic conditions.This has resulted in

Egg size in Ural owls is highly heritable and is currently undergoing stabilizing selection.

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

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