Question 1

__________ show more variation in life history traits than any other group.

Accepted Answer

A) All of the choices show equal amounts of variation in life history traits. 
B) Mammals 
C) Birds 
D) Reptiles 
E) Fish 
A) All of the choices show equal amounts of variation in life history traits. 
B) Mammals 
C) Birds 
D) Reptiles 
E) Fish E

Question 2

Which of the following influence the number and size of seeds produced by plants?

Accepted Answer

A) growth form 
B) dispersal mode 
C) disturbance intensity 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) both growth form and dispersal mode 
A) growth form 
B) dispersal mode 
C) disturbance intensity 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) both growth form and dispersal mode D

Question 3

The principle of allocation states

Accepted Answer

A) if an organism uses energy for one function it reduces the amount of energy available for other functions. 
B) organisms have a tendency to select the smallest prey available rather than exert more energy in capturing larger prey. 
C) organisms that build larger nests produce fewer offspring. 
D) organisms have a tendency to allocate more time and energy to a single preferred offspring while neglecting others. 
E) plants allocate their energy such that larger seedlings come from smaller seeds. 
A) if an organism uses energy for one function it reduces the amount of energy available for other functions. 
B) organisms have a tendency to select the smallest prey available rather than exert more energy in capturing larger prey. 
C) organisms that build larger nests produce fewer offspring. 
D) organisms have a tendency to allocate more time and energy to a single preferred offspring while neglecting others. 
E) plants allocate their energy such that larger seedlings come from smaller seeds. A

Question 4

Which of the following are characteristics favored by K selection?

Accepted Answer

A) iteroparity 
B) small body size 
C) rapid development 
D) high rmax 
E) early reproduction 
A) iteroparity 
B) small body size 
C) rapid development 
D) high rmax 
E) early reproduction

Question 5

Life histories typical of r-selection are most likely to evolve where species populations are near carrying capacity much of the time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A polymorphic locus is one that

Accepted Answer

A) codes for more than one protein. 
B) codes for both protein and lipid. 
C) occurs in a population as more than one allele. 
D) occurs on more than one chromosome. 
E) can cause more than one phenotype in an individual,depending on the environment. 
A) codes for more than one protein. 
B) codes for both protein and lipid. 
C) occurs in a population as more than one allele. 
D) occurs on more than one chromosome. 
E) can cause more than one phenotype in an individual,depending on the environment.

Question 7

Which of the following environments for germinating seed is most likely to favor a plant species that makes many small seeds,compared to one that makes fewer larger seeds?

Accepted Answer

A) nutrient limitation 
B) competition from established plants 
C) shade 
D) deep burial in soil 
E) disturbance 
A) nutrient limitation 
B) competition from established plants 
C) shade 
D) deep burial in soil 
E) disturbance

Question 8

Rates of gene flow can be estimated from similarity in allele frequencies among populations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which statement about the impact of dams on cottonwood forests is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Damming reduces growth of established cottonwoods downstream. 
B) Damming increases mortality of established cottonwoods downstream. 
C) By reducing flooding downstream,damming improves cottonwood seed germination. 
D) The timing of water release from a dam can greatly affect cottonwood seed germination. 
E) Careful management of flow through dams can greatly reduce harmful impacts on cottonwoods downstream. 
A) Damming reduces growth of established cottonwoods downstream. 
B) Damming increases mortality of established cottonwoods downstream. 
C) By reducing flooding downstream,damming improves cottonwood seed germination. 
D) The timing of water release from a dam can greatly affect cottonwood seed germination. 
E) Careful management of flow through dams can greatly reduce harmful impacts on cottonwoods downstream.

Question 10

The "K" in "K-selection" comes from the

Accepted Answer

A) ecologist who coined it,Astrid Kodric-Brown. 
B) shape of the age-vs.-mortality-rate plot for K-selected species. 
C) "K" in the logistic growth equation. 
D) Greek letter "kappa," symbolizing fecundity. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) ecologist who coined it,Astrid Kodric-Brown. 
B) shape of the age-vs.-mortality-rate plot for K-selected species. 
C) "K" in the logistic growth equation. 
D) Greek letter "kappa," symbolizing fecundity. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 11

The number of eggs laid by a female is called her

Accepted Answer

A) fertility. 
B) gonadosomatic index. 
C) growth form. 
D) rotundity. 
E) fecundity. 
A) fertility. 
B) gonadosomatic index. 
C) growth form. 
D) rotundity. 
E) fecundity.

Question 12

Grime's classification of plant life histories focuses attention on

Accepted Answer

A) stress and disturbance. 
B) stress and nutrient availability. 
C) disturbance and gene flow. 
D) disturbance and plant species diversity. 
E) r- vs.K-selection. 
A) stress and disturbance. 
B) stress and nutrient availability. 
C) disturbance and gene flow. 
D) disturbance and plant species diversity. 
E) r- vs.K-selection.

Question 13

Turner and Trexler found a __________ relationship between egg size and ________ in the darter populations that live in rivers and streams of central North America.

Accepted Answer

A) positive; gene flow 
B) positive; egg number 
C) positive; female size 
D) positive; clutch size 
E) negative; gene flow 
A) positive; gene flow 
B) positive; egg number 
C) positive; female size 
D) positive; clutch size 
E) negative; gene flow

Question 14

Because natural selection has shaped fish life histories,

Accepted Answer

A) fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at a younger age. 
B) fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at an older age. 
C) fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction. 
D) Both fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at a younger age and fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction are true. 
E) Both fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at an older age and fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction are true. 
A) fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at a younger age. 
B) fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at an older age. 
C) fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction. 
D) Both fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at a younger age and fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction are true. 
E) Both fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at an older age and fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction are true.

Question 15

Bird species whose offspring are born helpless and depending on parental care are said to be _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bird species whose offspring are born helpless...

Question 16

Among fish species,an "opportunistic" life history is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) high juvenile survival,large numbers of offspring,and early maturity. 
B) high juvenile survival,large numbers of offspring,and late maturity. 
C) low juvenile survival,low number of offspring,and early maturity. 
D) traits that maximize colonizing ability for environments that do not vary much in time or space. 
E) traits that maximize colonizing ability for environments that are very stressful. 
A) high juvenile survival,large numbers of offspring,and early maturity. 
B) high juvenile survival,large numbers of offspring,and late maturity. 
C) low juvenile survival,low number of offspring,and early maturity. 
D) traits that maximize colonizing ability for environments that do not vary much in time or space. 
E) traits that maximize colonizing ability for environments that are very stressful.

Question 17

Westoby,Leishman,and Lord found that on average,________ produce the largest seeds.

Accepted Answer

A) forbs 
B) woody plants 
C) climbing plants and vines 
D) graminoids 
E) herbs 
A) forbs 
B) woody plants 
C) climbing plants and vines 
D) graminoids 
E) herbs

Question 18

As a fraction of adult mass,the mass of offspring at independence tends to be largest in

Accepted Answer

A) mammals. 
B) altricial birds. 
C) lizards. 
D) both mammals and lizards. 
E) All three groups have similar values. 
A) mammals. 
B) altricial birds. 
C) lizards. 
D) both mammals and lizards. 
E) All three groups have similar values.

Question 19

In Grime's classification,a plant species adapted to highly disturbed environments is called a ____________ species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Grime's classification,a plant species adapted to...

Question 20

"Riparian" refers to plant communities occurring

Accepted Answer

A) in the tropics. 
B) at high altitudes. 
C) along the edges of deserts. 
D) in permanently flooded areas. 
E) in transitions between riverbanks and upland areas. 
A) in the tropics. 
B) at high altitudes. 
C) along the edges of deserts. 
D) in permanently flooded areas. 
E) in transitions between riverbanks and upland areas.

Exam 12: Life Histories

__________ show more variation in life history traits than any other group.

Which of the following influence the number and size of seeds produced by plants?

The principle of allocation states

Which of the following are characteristics favored by K selection?

Life histories typical of r-selection are most likely to evolve where species populations are near carrying capacity much of the time.

A polymorphic locus is one that

Which of the following environments for germinating seed is most likely to favor a plant species that makes many small seeds,compared to one that makes fewer larger seeds?

Rates of gene flow can be estimated from similarity in allele frequencies among populations.

Which statement about the impact of dams on cottonwood forests is false?

The "K" in "K-selection" comes from the

The number of eggs laid by a female is called her

Grime's classification of plant life histories focuses attention on

Turner and Trexler found a __________ relationship between egg size and ________ in the darter populations that live in rivers and streams of central North America.

Because natural selection has shaped fish life histories,

Bird species whose offspring are born helpless and depending on parental care are said to be _____________.

Among fish species,an "opportunistic" life history is characterized by

Westoby,Leishman,and Lord found that on average,________ produce the largest seeds.

As a fraction of adult mass,the mass of offspring at independence tends to be largest in

In Grime's classification,a plant species adapted to highly disturbed environments is called a ____________ species.

"Riparian" refers to plant communities occurring

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

Turner and Trexler found a __ relationship between egg size and in the darter populations that live in rivers and streams of central North America.