Question 1

Nisbett and Wilson examined people's consciousness about their higher mental processes. According to their research,

Accepted Answer

A)  we can usually provide valid introspections about conscious processes. 
B)  it is impossible to have access to our thought processes. 
C)  we are often unable to introspect accurately about our thought processes. 
D)  we can introspect accurately about memory and higher mental processes, but not about perception. 
A)  we can usually provide valid introspections about conscious processes. 
B)  it is impossible to have access to our thought processes. 
C)  we are often unable to introspect accurately about our thought processes. 
D)  we can introspect accurately about memory and higher mental processes, but not about perception. C

Question 2

Lin has a high working memory capacity, whereas Emily has a low working memory capacity. Both Lin and Emily are trying to listen to a recording of a lecture for an online class. When their friend Chris mentions their names from across the room,

Accepted Answer

A)  both Lin and Emily are likely to hear their names. 
B)  neither Lin nor Emily will be likely to hear their names. 
C)  Lin is likely to hear his name, but Emily will not hear her name. 
D)  Emily is likely to hear her name, but Lin will not hear his name. 
A)  both Lin and Emily are likely to hear their names. 
B)  neither Lin nor Emily will be likely to hear their names. 
C)  Lin is likely to hear his name, but Emily will not hear her name. 
D)  Emily is likely to hear her name, but Lin will not hear his name. D

Question 3

What is the current status of the bottleneck theory of attention?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is relatively accurate in explaining the functions of the executive attention network. 
B)  It explains auditory attention, but not visual attention. 
C)  It explains attention patterns in children, but not in adults. 
D)  It is not flexible enough to explain human attention. 
A)  It is relatively accurate in explaining the functions of the executive attention network. 
B)  It explains auditory attention, but not visual attention. 
C)  It explains attention patterns in children, but not in adults. 
D)  It is not flexible enough to explain human attention. D

Question 4

Research by Anne Treisman has demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  focused attention produces many more errors than distributed attention. 
B)  in focused attention, an unusual stimulus appears to "pop out" from the other stimuli in the display. 
C)  illusory conjunctions are especially likely when people perform a task at a leisurely rate. 
D)  when people use focused attention, they typically perceive a figure whose shape is linked with its appropriate color. 
A)  focused attention produces many more errors than distributed attention. 
B)  in focused attention, an unusual stimulus appears to "pop out" from the other stimuli in the display. 
C)  illusory conjunctions are especially likely when people perform a task at a leisurely rate. 
D)  when people use focused attention, they typically perceive a figure whose shape is linked with its appropriate color.

Question 5

Your awareness about both the surrounding world and your cognitive processes is called

Accepted Answer

A)  working memory. 
B)  orienting attention network. 
C)  attention. 
D)  consciousness. 
A)  working memory. 
B)  orienting attention network. 
C)  attention. 
D)  consciousness.

Question 6

Which of the following students provides the most accurate summary about phone use when someone is driving?

Accepted Answer

A)  Henri: "As long as someone other than the driver is talking on the phone, there's no problem." 
B)  Edith: "As long as a driver uses a hands-free phone, there's no problem." 
C)  Charles: "When drivers are talking on the phone, they pay less attention to objects that appear in the middle of their visual field." 
D)  Jeanne: "When drivers are talking on the phone, the passengers can carry on a continuous conversation without affecting the driver." 
A)  Henri: "As long as someone other than the driver is talking on the phone, there's no problem." 
B)  Edith: "As long as a driver uses a hands-free phone, there's no problem." 
C)  Charles: "When drivers are talking on the phone, they pay less attention to objects that appear in the middle of their visual field." 
D)  Jeanne: "When drivers are talking on the phone, the passengers can carry on a continuous conversation without affecting the driver."

Question 7

According to your textbook's introduction to Chapter 3, attention

Accepted Answer

A)  relies exclusively on bottom-up processing. 
B)  uses both top-down and bottom-up processing. 
C)  is a time-consuming but highly accurate cognitive process. 
D)  is a quick process that is highly inaccurate. 
A)  relies exclusively on bottom-up processing. 
B)  uses both top-down and bottom-up processing. 
C)  is a time-consuming but highly accurate cognitive process. 
D)  is a quick process that is highly inaccurate.

Question 8

Suppose that Susan is taking the Stroop test, and the first item shows the word "red," printed in blue ink. According to your textbook, one reason that she will have trouble reporting the ink color (blue) for this item is that

Accepted Answer

A)  she has had more experience in reading words than in identifying ink colors. 
B)  colors have more emotional meaning than words do. 
C)  colorful arrangements of visual stimuli can actually facilitate an adult's reading ability. 
D)  the left eye processes word meaning and the right eye processes the color of a stimulus. 
A)  she has had more experience in reading words than in identifying ink colors. 
B)  colors have more emotional meaning than words do. 
C)  colorful arrangements of visual stimuli can actually facilitate an adult's reading ability. 
D)  the left eye processes word meaning and the right eye processes the color of a stimulus.

Question 9

According to Nisbett and Wilson, we typically have access to

Accepted Answer

A)  the processes of thought but not the products of thought. 
B)  both the products and processes of thought. 
C)  neither the products nor the processes of thought. 
D)  the products of thought but not the processes that created them. 
A)  the processes of thought but not the products of thought. 
B)  both the products and processes of thought. 
C)  neither the products nor the processes of thought. 
D)  the products of thought but not the processes that created them.

Question 10

Suppose that Lori is taking the Stroop test. Research suggests that, when shown the word "yellow" printed in green ink, Lori will

Accepted Answer

A)  be more likely to slow down or make an error when asked to read the word "yellow" than if the word had been printed in yellow ink. 
B)  be more likely to slow down or make an error when asked to name the ink color (green) than if the word had been "green." 
C)  read the word more quickly than if it had been printed in black ink. 
D)  show no difference in reaction time to this item, for either reading the word or naming the ink color, than to the word "blue" printed in blue ink. 
A)  be more likely to slow down or make an error when asked to read the word "yellow" than if the word had been printed in yellow ink. 
B)  be more likely to slow down or make an error when asked to name the ink color (green) than if the word had been "green." 
C)  read the word more quickly than if it had been printed in black ink. 
D)  show no difference in reaction time to this item, for either reading the word or naming the ink color, than to the word "blue" printed in blue ink.

Question 11

Suppose that Jessica has a phobic disorder, a fear of snakes. A clinical psychologist gives her the appropriate version of an emotional Stroop task. Jessica would be likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  respond more quickly to items related to snakes than to other items. 
B)  show an attentional bias, so that she pays less attention to the color of the ink, when the word is related to snakes. 
C)  identify the colors more accurately for items related to snakes. 
D)  ignore the meaning of the word itself and focus exclusively on the color of the ink. 
A)  respond more quickly to items related to snakes than to other items. 
B)  show an attentional bias, so that she pays less attention to the color of the ink, when the word is related to snakes. 
C)  identify the colors more accurately for items related to snakes. 
D)  ignore the meaning of the word itself and focus exclusively on the color of the ink.

Question 12

When people are asked to describe how they move their eyes when reading, they often report that they _____. In reality, their eyes actually _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  move their eyes smoothly and continuously across a line of text; make a series of little jumps. 
B)  move their eyes smoothly and continuously across a line a text; move smoothly and continuously, just as reported. 
C)  make a series of little jumps with their eyes; make a series of little jumps, just as reported. 
D)  make a series of little jumps with their eyes; move smoothly and continuously across a line of text. 
A)  move their eyes smoothly and continuously across a line of text; make a series of little jumps. 
B)  move their eyes smoothly and continuously across a line a text; move smoothly and continuously, just as reported. 
C)  make a series of little jumps with their eyes; make a series of little jumps, just as reported. 
D)  make a series of little jumps with their eyes; move smoothly and continuously across a line of text.

Question 13

Imagine that you are searching your room for a specific textbook. Which portion of the cortex would be most active during this search?

Accepted Answer

A)  The parietal lobe 
B)  The occipital lobe 
C)  The temporal lobe 
D)  The frontal lobe 
A)  The parietal lobe 
B)  The occipital lobe 
C)  The temporal lobe 
D)  The frontal lobe

Question 14

Suppose that you are looking at a jewelry counter containing dozens of red ruby pendants and one green emerald pendant. According to Anne Treisman's theory, if the emerald seems to jump out at you perceptually,

Accepted Answer

A)  you probably searched all the pendants serially. 
B)  focused attention drew your attention to the one discrepant feature. 
C)  you automatically processed some features, such as the color of the jewels, during distributed attention. 
D)  you were searching for a conjunction of two properties. 
A)  you probably searched all the pendants serially. 
B)  focused attention drew your attention to the one discrepant feature. 
C)  you automatically processed some features, such as the color of the jewels, during distributed attention. 
D)  you were searching for a conjunction of two properties.

Question 15

On the way to the grocery store, you witness a car accident on a crowded street. A red Ford pickup truck rear-ends a blue minivan and then drives away. The driver of a black Toyota Prius stops to help the driver of the blue minivan. You stop and call 911. In the chaos of the scene, according to the research on illusory conjunctions, it would not be surprising if you reported seeing

Accepted Answer

A)  a pickup truck hitting a minivan; you don't remember the color. 
B)  a red vehicle hitting a blue vehicle; you don't remember the type of vehicle. 
C)  details of only the vehicle that drove away, which caught your attention more. 
D)  a blue pickup truck hitting a red minivan. 
A)  a pickup truck hitting a minivan; you don't remember the color. 
B)  a red vehicle hitting a blue vehicle; you don't remember the type of vehicle. 
C)  details of only the vehicle that drove away, which caught your attention more. 
D)  a blue pickup truck hitting a red minivan.

Question 16

According to Anne Treisman's feature-integration theory, _____ attention is a relatively low-level kind of processing that uses parallel search through the visual field.

Accepted Answer

A)  focused 
B)  selective 
C)  distributed 
D)  binding 
A)  focused 
B)  selective 
C)  distributed 
D)  binding

Question 17

Suppose that a friend at your college says that she can multitask very effectively, even when two tasks are challenging. Based on the information in Chapter 3, you would conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  she may be one of the 20-25% of college students who actually does manage to multitask quickly and accurately. 
B)  she may be able to perform two tasks very quickly, but the research shows that she would make about 5% more errors than if she performs just one task. 
C)  she may be able to perform two tasks very accurately, but the research shows that she would take about 10% longer than if she performs just one task. 
D)  she may believe that she can multitask effectively, but the research does not support this belief. 
A)  she may be one of the 20-25% of college students who actually does manage to multitask quickly and accurately. 
B)  she may be able to perform two tasks very quickly, but the research shows that she would make about 5% more errors than if she performs just one task. 
C)  she may be able to perform two tasks very accurately, but the research shows that she would take about 10% longer than if she performs just one task. 
D)  she may believe that she can multitask effectively, but the research does not support this belief.

Question 18

The fact that English-speaking readers can access information about upcoming words, even though they are currently fixated on a word to the left, is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  fixation. 
B)  the fovea. 
C)  a saccadic eye movement. 
D)  parafoveal preview. 
A)  fixation. 
B)  the fovea. 
C)  a saccadic eye movement. 
D)  parafoveal preview.

Question 19

Imagine that your friend Pete has an intense fear of spiders. If he tries the emotional Stroop test, he would be most likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  report the ink color slowly if the words were related to spiders. 
B)  report the ink color quickly if the words were related to spiders. 
C)  report the ink color more accurately if the words were related to spiders. 
D)  respond the same as people without a fear of spiders. 
A)  report the ink color slowly if the words were related to spiders. 
B)  report the ink color quickly if the words were related to spiders. 
C)  report the ink color more accurately if the words were related to spiders. 
D)  respond the same as people without a fear of spiders.

Question 20

In general, consciousness is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  focused attention but not necessarily with distributed attention. 
B)  both focused and distributed attention. 
C)  distributed attention but not necessarly with focused attention. 
D)  neither focused nor distributed attention. 
A)  focused attention but not necessarily with distributed attention. 
B)  both focused and distributed attention. 
C)  distributed attention but not necessarly with focused attention. 
D)  neither focused nor distributed attention.

Nisbett and Wilson examined people's consciousness about their higher mental processes. According to their research,

Lin has a high working memory capacity, whereas Emily has a low working memory capacity. Both Lin and Emily are trying to listen to a recording of a lecture for an online class. When their friend Chris mentions their names from across the room,

What is the current status of the bottleneck theory of attention?

Research by Anne Treisman has demonstrated that

Your awareness about both the surrounding world and your cognitive processes is called

Which of the following students provides the most accurate summary about phone use when someone is driving?

According to your textbook's introduction to Chapter 3, attention

Suppose that Susan is taking the Stroop test, and the first item shows the word "red," printed in blue ink. According to your textbook, one reason that she will have trouble reporting the ink color (blue) for this item is that

According to Nisbett and Wilson, we typically have access to

Suppose that Lori is taking the Stroop test. Research suggests that, when shown the word "yellow" printed in green ink, Lori will

Suppose that Jessica has a phobic disorder, a fear of snakes. A clinical psychologist gives her the appropriate version of an emotional Stroop task. Jessica would be likely to:

When people are asked to describe how they move their eyes when reading, they often report that they _. In reality, their eyes actually _.

Imagine that you are searching your room for a specific textbook. Which portion of the cortex would be most active during this search?

Suppose that you are looking at a jewelry counter containing dozens of red ruby pendants and one green emerald pendant. According to Anne Treisman's theory, if the emerald seems to jump out at you perceptually,

According to Anne Treisman's feature-integration theory, _____ attention is a relatively low-level kind of processing that uses parallel search through the visual field.

Suppose that a friend at your college says that she can multitask very effectively, even when two tasks are challenging. Based on the information in Chapter 3, you would conclude that

The fact that English-speaking readers can access information about upcoming words, even though they are currently fixated on a word to the left, is referred to as

Imagine that your friend Pete has an intense fear of spiders. If he tries the emotional Stroop test, he would be most likely to

In general, consciousness is associated with

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language Ii: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 3: Attention and Consciousness

Nisbett and Wilson examined people's consciousness about their higher mental processes. According to their research,

Lin has a high working memory capacity, whereas Emily has a low working memory capacity. Both Lin and Emily are trying to listen to a recording of a lecture for an online class. When their friend Chris mentions their names from across the room,

What is the current status of the bottleneck theory of attention?

Research by Anne Treisman has demonstrated that

Your awareness about both the surrounding world and your cognitive processes is called

Which of the following students provides the most accurate summary about phone use when someone is driving?

According to your textbook's introduction to Chapter 3, attention

Suppose that Susan is taking the Stroop test, and the first item shows the word "red," printed in blue ink. According to your textbook, one reason that she will have trouble reporting the ink color (blue) for this item is that

According to Nisbett and Wilson, we typically have access to

Suppose that Lori is taking the Stroop test. Research suggests that, when shown the word "yellow" printed in green ink, Lori will

Suppose that Jessica has a phobic disorder, a fear of snakes. A clinical psychologist gives her the appropriate version of an emotional Stroop task. Jessica would be likely to:

When people are asked to describe how they move their eyes when reading, they often report that they _____. In reality, their eyes actually _____.

Imagine that you are searching your room for a specific textbook. Which portion of the cortex would be most active during this search?

Suppose that you are looking at a jewelry counter containing dozens of red ruby pendants and one green emerald pendant. According to Anne Treisman's theory, if the emerald seems to jump out at you perceptually,

According to Anne Treisman's feature-integration theory, _____ attention is a relatively low-level kind of processing that uses parallel search through the visual field.

Suppose that a friend at your college says that she can multitask very effectively, even when two tasks are challenging. Based on the information in Chapter 3, you would conclude that

The fact that English-speaking readers can access information about upcoming words, even though they are currently fixated on a word to the left, is referred to as

Imagine that your friend Pete has an intense fear of spiders. If he tries the emotional Stroop test, he would be most likely to

In general, consciousness is associated with

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language Ii: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters

When people are asked to describe how they move their eyes when reading, they often report that they _. In reality, their eyes actually _.