Question 1

Right now, the words in this sentence are being registered on the retina of your eye. This representation on your retina is called

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory memory. 
B)  the template. 
C)  the proximal stimulus. 
D)  the distal stimulus. 
A)  sensory memory. 
B)  the template. 
C)  the proximal stimulus. 
D)  the distal stimulus. C

Question 2

Imagine that you are looking at a geometric drawing. At first, one shape in this drawing seems to be in front of other shapes. The next moment, this same shape seems to be located behind a second shape. This phenomenon is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  depth perception. 
B)  an illusory contour. 
C)  an ambiguous figure-ground relationship. 
D)  holistic recognition. 
A)  depth perception. 
B)  an illusory contour. 
C)  an ambiguous figure-ground relationship. 
D)  holistic recognition. C

Question 3

Chapter 2 discussed individual differences in the ability to recognize another person's facial expressions. This research showed that individuals with schizophrenia are more likely than people in a control group

Accepted Answer

A)  to respond slowly. 
B)  to make errors in identifying the facial expression. 
C)  to use holistic processing. 
D)  to use a template that processes facial expression. 
A)  to respond slowly. 
B)  to make errors in identifying the facial expression. 
C)  to use holistic processing. 
D)  to use a template that processes facial expression. A

Question 4

Suppose that you walk past the home of your friend, John. Standing in front of the house is someone who somewhat resembles your friend, so you shout, "Hi, John!" To your embarrassment, it is not John but his younger brother-substantially shorter and with darker hair. This error can be traced to

Accepted Answer

A)  serial processing. 
B)  parallel processing. 
C)  bottom-up processing. 
D)  top-down processing. 
A)  serial processing. 
B)  parallel processing. 
C)  bottom-up processing. 
D)  top-down processing.

Question 5

Which of the following favors a special mechanism approach to speech perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Recent discoveries of categorical perception for nonspeech sounds 
B)  Early research on categorical perception of speech sounds 
C)  ERP shifts that are similar in processing speech and music 
D)  The McGurk effect 
A)  Recent discoveries of categorical perception for nonspeech sounds 
B)  Early research on categorical perception of speech sounds 
C)  ERP shifts that are similar in processing speech and music 
D)  The McGurk effect

Question 6

According to the research on word boundaries in speech,

Accepted Answer

A)  phonemic restoration helps us detect word boundaries. 
B)  listeners are typically accurate in detecting word boundaries, even when there is no actual gap. 
C)  most people are clearly aware that speakers tend to run their words together 
D)  the boundary between spoken words is even more clear-cut than the boundary between printed words. 
A)  phonemic restoration helps us detect word boundaries. 
B)  listeners are typically accurate in detecting word boundaries, even when there is no actual gap. 
C)  most people are clearly aware that speakers tend to run their words together 
D)  the boundary between spoken words is even more clear-cut than the boundary between printed words.

Question 7

Which of the following students provides the most accurate information about the variability found in the way we pronounce pronouns?

Accepted Answer

A)  Melissa: "Aside from the pitch of a person's voice, phoneme pronunciation is relatively uniform." 
B)  Nico: "The variability in pronunciation is so great that we frequently have trouble comprehending a spoken sentence." 
C)  Annabelle: "Despite the great variability in pronunciation, we perceive speech quite accurately." 
D)  Alan: "Fortunately, coarticulation is a helpful part of our speech perception, and it compensates for the fact that people's speech shows great variability." 
A)  Melissa: "Aside from the pitch of a person's voice, phoneme pronunciation is relatively uniform." 
B)  Nico: "The variability in pronunciation is so great that we frequently have trouble comprehending a spoken sentence." 
C)  Annabelle: "Despite the great variability in pronunciation, we perceive speech quite accurately." 
D)  Alan: "Fortunately, coarticulation is a helpful part of our speech perception, and it compensates for the fact that people's speech shows great variability."

Question 8

Chapter 2 discussed two related topics, called change blindness and inattentional blindness. According to this discussion,

Accepted Answer

A)  we need to monitor our environment more carefully, so that our perception is more accurate. 
B)  in reality, these cognitive errors can be traced to strategy that makes sense in the real world. 
C)  both of these topics reflect a basic deficit in object recognition. 
D)  both of these topics can be traced to overactive bottom-up processing. 
A)  we need to monitor our environment more carefully, so that our perception is more accurate. 
B)  in reality, these cognitive errors can be traced to strategy that makes sense in the real world. 
C)  both of these topics reflect a basic deficit in object recognition. 
D)  both of these topics can be traced to overactive bottom-up processing.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about object recognition is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Visual information is first processed in the primary visual cortex, but it is eventually stored in the retina. 
B)  In general, we need at least one second to recognize an object. 
C)  The primary visual cortex is responsible for identifying complex objects; in contrast, other portions of the brain identify lines and simple shapes. 
D)  Regions of the cortex beyond the primary visual cortex are active when we identify complex objects. 
A)  Visual information is first processed in the primary visual cortex, but it is eventually stored in the retina. 
B)  In general, we need at least one second to recognize an object. 
C)  The primary visual cortex is responsible for identifying complex objects; in contrast, other portions of the brain identify lines and simple shapes. 
D)  Regions of the cortex beyond the primary visual cortex are active when we identify complex objects.

Question 10

The research on speech perception demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)  each phoneme has a unique but consistent pronunciation. 
B)  context can be used to identify a missing vowel, but not a missing consonant. 
C)  people use visual cues from the speaker's mouth in order to perceive an ambiguous sound. 
D)  listeners typically perceive a solid stream of language, without any breaks in the stream. 
A)  each phoneme has a unique but consistent pronunciation. 
B)  context can be used to identify a missing vowel, but not a missing consonant. 
C)  people use visual cues from the speaker's mouth in order to perceive an ambiguous sound. 
D)  listeners typically perceive a solid stream of language, without any breaks in the stream.

Question 11

Which of the following examples would be most comparable to the word superiority effect if we were to apply this phenomenon to hearing?

Accepted Answer

A)  You can identify a particular phoneme more readily if it is embedded in a word than if you hear that same phoneme in isolation. 
B)  If you are right-handed, you can identify a spoken word more readily if it is spoken in your right ear, rather than your left ear. 
C)  You can hear a spoken word more accurately when you see the written pattern at the same time, but this does not apply to smaller segments, such as individual letters. 
D)  You can recognize and remember short words more readily than long words in a conversation. 
A)  You can identify a particular phoneme more readily if it is embedded in a word than if you hear that same phoneme in isolation. 
B)  If you are right-handed, you can identify a spoken word more readily if it is spoken in your right ear, rather than your left ear. 
C)  You can hear a spoken word more accurately when you see the written pattern at the same time, but this does not apply to smaller segments, such as individual letters. 
D)  You can recognize and remember short words more readily than long words in a conversation.

Question 12

Which of the following students provides the best overview about the research on theories of speech perception, as discussed in Chapter 2?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kaitlin: "Because speech is important to human survival, people have a specialized brain structure that helps them decode speech sounds." 
B)  Anastazia: "The research on categorical perception provides the strongest evidence that the special mechanism approach to speech perception is correct." 
C)  Samaria: "In general, most theorists believe that the human nervous system processes speech sounds in the same way it processes nonspeech sounds." 
D)  Jared: "The research on the McGurk effect demonstrates that the special mechanism approach to speech perception is correct." 
A)  Kaitlin: "Because speech is important to human survival, people have a specialized brain structure that helps them decode speech sounds." 
B)  Anastazia: "The research on categorical perception provides the strongest evidence that the special mechanism approach to speech perception is correct." 
C)  Samaria: "In general, most theorists believe that the human nervous system processes speech sounds in the same way it processes nonspeech sounds." 
D)  Jared: "The research on the McGurk effect demonstrates that the special mechanism approach to speech perception is correct."

Question 13

Suppose that you hear another student turning a page of this exam. The representation of that noise by the receptors in your auditory system is called

Accepted Answer

A)  iconic memory. 
B)  an illusory contour. 
C)  the proximal stimulus. 
D)  the distal stimulus. 
A)  iconic memory. 
B)  an illusory contour. 
C)  the proximal stimulus. 
D)  the distal stimulus.

Question 14

Your textbook states that phonemic restoration is a kind of illusion. This statement is true because

Accepted Answer

A)  we think that we hear boundaries between words, even when a physical boundary does not really exist. 
B)  we think that we are accurate when we replace a missing phoneme, but we typically make many errors. 
C)  we make too much use of bottom-up processing. 
D)  we think that we hear a speech sound, even if it is not present in the distal stimulus. 
A)  we think that we hear boundaries between words, even when a physical boundary does not really exist. 
B)  we think that we are accurate when we replace a missing phoneme, but we typically make many errors. 
C)  we make too much use of bottom-up processing. 
D)  we think that we hear a speech sound, even if it is not present in the distal stimulus.

Question 15

What is perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perception is the immediate registration of information by the sensory receptors. 
B)  Perception uses previous knowledge to gather and interpret the stimuli registered by the senses. 
C)  Perception involves only unprocessed sensory information. 
D)  Perception requires complex problem solving. 
A)  Perception is the immediate registration of information by the sensory receptors. 
B)  Perception uses previous knowledge to gather and interpret the stimuli registered by the senses. 
C)  Perception involves only unprocessed sensory information. 
D)  Perception requires complex problem solving.

Question 16

The discussion about face recognition points out that we perceive a face in terms of a "gestalt." You can therefore conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  we perceive faces in terms of their overall structure. 
B)  each element of someone's face (eyes, nose, etc.) is unique to that particular face. 
C)  we use top-down processing when we perceive a face, moving from the eyes, to the nose, etc. 
D)  we process faces the same as we process other visual stimuli. 
A)  we perceive faces in terms of their overall structure. 
B)  each element of someone's face (eyes, nose, etc.) is unique to that particular face. 
C)  we use top-down processing when we perceive a face, moving from the eyes, to the nose, etc. 
D)  we process faces the same as we process other visual stimuli.

Question 17

According to the introductory discussion about perceptual processes,

Accepted Answer

A)  humans have relatively primitive perceptual processes, compared to models created by artificial intelligence. 
B)  although perception appears to be straightforward, it actually requires more cognitive effort than tasks such as problem solving. 
C)  unlike other cognitive tasks, perception requires only bottom-up processing. 
D)  perception requires both information from the stimulus and knowledge about previous perceptual experiences. 
A)  humans have relatively primitive perceptual processes, compared to models created by artificial intelligence. 
B)  although perception appears to be straightforward, it actually requires more cognitive effort than tasks such as problem solving. 
C)  unlike other cognitive tasks, perception requires only bottom-up processing. 
D)  perception requires both information from the stimulus and knowledge about previous perceptual experiences.

Question 18

Change blindness and inattentional blindness are similar because both of these phenomena

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrate the importance of top-down processing. 
B)  emphasize the importance of bottom-up processing. 
C)  illustrate categorical perception. 
D)  provide support for the recognition-by-components approach to perception. 
A)  demonstrate the importance of top-down processing. 
B)  emphasize the importance of bottom-up processing. 
C)  illustrate categorical perception. 
D)  provide support for the recognition-by-components approach to perception.

Question 19

Coarticulation is the tendency

Accepted Answer

A)  for phoneme pronunciation to vary slightly, depending on the surrounding phonemes. 
B)  to read more than one word at a time. 
C)  to transmit meaning as well as phoneme information in any given English sentence. 
D)  to use visual cues to help you interpret phonemes. 
A)  for phoneme pronunciation to vary slightly, depending on the surrounding phonemes. 
B)  to read more than one word at a time. 
C)  to transmit meaning as well as phoneme information in any given English sentence. 
D)  to use visual cues to help you interpret phonemes.

Question 20

According to the word superiority effect,

Accepted Answer

A)  we have trouble noticing when one of the letters in a word disappears from the stimulus. 
B)  we can recognize a letter faster and more accurately when it is part of a word, rather than when this letter appears by itself. 
C)  we can recognize an unfamiliar word more quickly than an isolated letter of the alphabet. 
D)  bottom-up processing is more helpful than top-down processing. 
A)  we have trouble noticing when one of the letters in a word disappears from the stimulus. 
B)  we can recognize a letter faster and more accurately when it is part of a word, rather than when this letter appears by itself. 
C)  we can recognize an unfamiliar word more quickly than an isolated letter of the alphabet. 
D)  bottom-up processing is more helpful than top-down processing.

Right now, the words in this sentence are being registered on the retina of your eye. This representation on your retina is called

Imagine that you are looking at a geometric drawing. At first, one shape in this drawing seems to be in front of other shapes. The next moment, this same shape seems to be located behind a second shape. This phenomenon is called:

Chapter 2 discussed individual differences in the ability to recognize another person's facial expressions. This research showed that individuals with schizophrenia are more likely than people in a control group

Suppose that you walk past the home of your friend, John. Standing in front of the house is someone who somewhat resembles your friend, so you shout, "Hi, John!" To your embarrassment, it is not John but his younger brother-substantially shorter and with darker hair. This error can be traced to

Which of the following favors a special mechanism approach to speech perception?

According to the research on word boundaries in speech,

Which of the following students provides the most accurate information about the variability found in the way we pronounce pronouns?

Chapter 2 discussed two related topics, called change blindness and inattentional blindness. According to this discussion,

Which of the following statements about object recognition is correct?

The research on speech perception demonstrates that

Which of the following examples would be most comparable to the word superiority effect if we were to apply this phenomenon to hearing?

Which of the following students provides the best overview about the research on theories of speech perception, as discussed in Chapter 2?

Suppose that you hear another student turning a page of this exam. The representation of that noise by the receptors in your auditory system is called

Your textbook states that phonemic restoration is a kind of illusion. This statement is true because

What is perception?

The discussion about face recognition points out that we perceive a face in terms of a "gestalt." You can therefore conclude that

According to the introductory discussion about perceptual processes,

Change blindness and inattentional blindness are similar because both of these phenomena

Coarticulation is the tendency

According to the word superiority effect,

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language Ii: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

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Exam 2: Visual and Auditory Recognition

Right now, the words in this sentence are being registered on the retina of your eye. This representation on your retina is called

Imagine that you are looking at a geometric drawing. At first, one shape in this drawing seems to be in front of other shapes. The next moment, this same shape seems to be located behind a second shape. This phenomenon is called:

Chapter 2 discussed individual differences in the ability to recognize another person's facial expressions. This research showed that individuals with schizophrenia are more likely than people in a control group

Suppose that you walk past the home of your friend, John. Standing in front of the house is someone who somewhat resembles your friend, so you shout, "Hi, John!" To your embarrassment, it is not John but his younger brother-substantially shorter and with darker hair. This error can be traced to

Which of the following favors a special mechanism approach to speech perception?

According to the research on word boundaries in speech,

Which of the following students provides the most accurate information about the variability found in the way we pronounce pronouns?

Chapter 2 discussed two related topics, called change blindness and inattentional blindness. According to this discussion,

Which of the following statements about object recognition is correct?

The research on speech perception demonstrates that

Which of the following examples would be most comparable to the word superiority effect if we were to apply this phenomenon to hearing?

Which of the following students provides the best overview about the research on theories of speech perception, as discussed in Chapter 2?

Suppose that you hear another student turning a page of this exam. The representation of that noise by the receptors in your auditory system is called

Your textbook states that phonemic restoration is a kind of illusion. This statement is true because

What is perception?

The discussion about face recognition points out that we perceive a face in terms of a "gestalt." You can therefore conclude that

According to the introductory discussion about perceptual processes,

Change blindness and inattentional blindness are similar because both of these phenomena

Coarticulation is the tendency

According to the word superiority effect,

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language Ii: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters