Question 1

The spontaneous recovery of a CR suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the body tends to gravitate toward a state of equilibrium. 
B)  any stimulus can be a CS. 
C)  any stimulus can be a US. 
D)  the CR is not gone after extinction. 
A)  the body tends to gravitate toward a state of equilibrium. 
B)  any stimulus can be a CS. 
C)  any stimulus can be a US. 
D)  the CR is not gone after extinction. D

Question 2

When the eyeblink reflex is conditioned using a tone, the puff of air is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned response. 
A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned response. C

Question 3

If a US occurs just as often without the tone as it does in the presence of the tone, then little or no conditioning will accrue to the tone. This would suggest that animals are sensitive to _____ of the potential CS and the US.

Accepted Answer

A)  causality 
B)  contingency 
C)  cue-outcome 
D)  frequency 
A)  causality 
B)  contingency 
C)  cue-outcome 
D)  frequency B

Question 4

Removing the _____ abolishes conditioned responses.

Accepted Answer

A)  pontine nuclei 
B)  cerebellar cortex 
C)  interpositus nucleus 
D)  inferior olive 
A)  pontine nuclei 
B)  cerebellar cortex 
C)  interpositus nucleus 
D)  inferior olive

Question 5

A reduction in learning about a CS to which there has been prior exposure without any US is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking. 
B)  prediction error. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  latent inhibition. 
A)  blocking. 
B)  prediction error. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  latent inhibition.

Question 6

The difference between whether an animal expects the US and whether the US actually occurs is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  homeostasis. 
B)  a prediction error. 
C)  an error-correction rule. 
D)  latent inhibition. 
A)  homeostasis. 
B)  a prediction error. 
C)  an error-correction rule. 
D)  latent inhibition.

Question 7

Lesion studies suggest that the interpositus nucleus is involved in _____, while the cerebellar cortex is involved in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  response timing; formation and execution of the CR 
B)  formation and execution of the CR; response timing 
C)  computing the degree to which the US is unexpected; formation and execution of the CR 
D)  response timing; computing the degree to which the US is unexpected 
A)  response timing; formation and execution of the CR 
B)  formation and execution of the CR; response timing 
C)  computing the degree to which the US is unexpected; formation and execution of the CR 
D)  response timing; computing the degree to which the US is unexpected

Question 8

With repeated administration of a drug, an organism will require larger and larger doses of the drug in order to achieve the same effect. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  homeostasis. 
B)  blocking. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  tolerance. 
A)  homeostasis. 
B)  blocking. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  tolerance.

Question 9

If one pairs a tone with a shock, a rat can learn that the tone predicts the shock. If one then pairs a tone and light with a shock, the person finds that the rat gives a:

Accepted Answer

A)  CR only to the tone. 
B)  CR only to the light. 
C)  UR only to the tone. 
D)  CR to the tone and light together. 
A)  CR only to the tone. 
B)  CR only to the light. 
C)  UR only to the tone. 
D)  CR to the tone and light together.

Question 10

Describe the neuronal changes that occur during classical conditioning of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Discuss acti

Question 11

It has been suggested that drug addicts should use small amounts of their drug during therapy to extinguish their habit. This is because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the addict will experience less withdrawal. 
B)  drug use is part of the context. 
C)  drug use has become a US. 
D)  the addict will experience fewer cravings. 
A)  the addict will experience less withdrawal. 
B)  drug use is part of the context. 
C)  drug use has become a US. 
D)  the addict will experience fewer cravings.

Question 12

The tendency of the body to gravitate toward a state of equilibrium or balance is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  association. 
B)  compensatory response. 
C)  tolerance. 
D)  homeostasis. 
A)  association. 
B)  compensatory response. 
C)  tolerance. 
D)  homeostasis.

Question 13

In trace conditioning, the:

Accepted Answer

A)  CS begins before the US and stays on until the US has occurred. 
B)  US begins before the CS and stays on until the CS has occurred. 
C)  CS begins before the US and ends before the onset of the US. 
D)  US begins before the CS and ends before the onset of the CS. 
A)  CS begins before the US and stays on until the US has occurred. 
B)  US begins before the CS and stays on until the CS has occurred. 
C)  CS begins before the US and ends before the onset of the US. 
D)  US begins before the CS and ends before the onset of the CS.

Question 14

Which statement is considered to be TRUE about a successful model?

Accepted Answer

A)  The predictions made by the model should be able to be tested and provide new data. 
B)  It should be applicable to every possible situation. 
C)  It should illustrate data that has already been presented before. 
D)  All of the statements are true. 
A)  The predictions made by the model should be able to be tested and provide new data. 
B)  It should be applicable to every possible situation. 
C)  It should illustrate data that has already been presented before. 
D)  All of the statements are true.

Question 15

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, an increase in the association between the CS and US occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)  the prediction error is zero. 
B)  an unexpected US follows a CS. 
C)  the prediction error is negative. 
D)  a predicted US follows a CS. 
A)  the prediction error is zero. 
B)  an unexpected US follows a CS. 
C)  the prediction error is negative. 
D)  a predicted US follows a CS.

Question 16

Something that naturally elicits a reflexive response is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  conditioned response. 
D)  unconditioned response. 
A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  conditioned response. 
D)  unconditioned response.

Question 17

A conditioned eyeblink response can be produced by stimulating:

Accepted Answer

A)  the inferior olive as the CS. 
B)  the inferior olive as the US. 
C)  the pontine nuclei as the CS. 
D)  both the inferior olive and the pontine nuclei as the CS. 
A)  the inferior olive as the CS. 
B)  the inferior olive as the US. 
C)  the pontine nuclei as the CS. 
D)  both the inferior olive and the pontine nuclei as the CS.

Question 18

According to CS modulation theories such as that of Mackintosh, latent inhibition occurs because the:

Accepted Answer

A)  CS is ignored because it doesn't predict anything reliably. 
B)  US is ignored because it doesn't predict anything reliably. 
C)  CS also includes the context. 
D)  CS does not include the context. 
A)  CS is ignored because it doesn't predict anything reliably. 
B)  US is ignored because it doesn't predict anything reliably. 
C)  CS also includes the context. 
D)  CS does not include the context.

Question 19

In the Rescorla-Wagner model, the expectation of the US is described by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  association weight for the CS-US association at the end of training. 
B)  association weight for the CS-US association at the start of training. 
C)  sum of the association weights of all the cues in a trial. 
D)  difference of the association weights of all the cues in a trial. 
A)  association weight for the CS-US association at the end of training. 
B)  association weight for the CS-US association at the start of training. 
C)  sum of the association weights of all the cues in a trial. 
D)  difference of the association weights of all the cues in a trial.

Question 20

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, blocking occurs because:

Accepted Answer

A)  both conditioned stimuli perfectly predict the unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  neither CS perfectly predicts the unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  the CS that is trained in the first phase does not provide any new or predictive information. 
D)  the CS that is added in the second phase does not provide any new or predictive information. 
A)  both conditioned stimuli perfectly predict the unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  neither CS perfectly predicts the unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  the CS that is trained in the first phase does not provide any new or predictive information. 
D)  the CS that is added in the second phase does not provide any new or predictive information.

The spontaneous recovery of a CR suggests that:

When the eyeblink reflex is conditioned using a tone, the puff of air is the:

If a US occurs just as often without the tone as it does in the presence of the tone, then little or no conditioning will accrue to the tone. This would suggest that animals are sensitive to _____ of the potential CS and the US.

Removing the _____ abolishes conditioned responses.

A reduction in learning about a CS to which there has been prior exposure without any US is called:

The difference between whether an animal expects the US and whether the US actually occurs is known as:

Lesion studies suggest that the interpositus nucleus is involved in _, while the cerebellar cortex is involved in _.

With repeated administration of a drug, an organism will require larger and larger doses of the drug in order to achieve the same effect. This is known as:

If one pairs a tone with a shock, a rat can learn that the tone predicts the shock. If one then pairs a tone and light with a shock, the person finds that the rat gives a:

Describe the neuronal changes that occur during classical conditioning of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia.

It has been suggested that drug addicts should use small amounts of their drug during therapy to extinguish their habit. This is because:

The tendency of the body to gravitate toward a state of equilibrium or balance is known as:

In trace conditioning, the:

Which statement is considered to be TRUE about a successful model?

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, an increase in the association between the CS and US occurs when:

Something that naturally elicits a reflexive response is called a(n):

A conditioned eyeblink response can be produced by stimulating:

According to CS modulation theories such as that of Mackintosh, latent inhibition occurs because the:

In the Rescorla-Wagner model, the expectation of the US is described by the:

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, blocking occurs because:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 4: Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

The spontaneous recovery of a CR suggests that:

When the eyeblink reflex is conditioned using a tone, the puff of air is the:

If a US occurs just as often without the tone as it does in the presence of the tone, then little or no conditioning will accrue to the tone. This would suggest that animals are sensitive to _____ of the potential CS and the US.

Removing the _____ abolishes conditioned responses.

A reduction in learning about a CS to which there has been prior exposure without any US is called:

The difference between whether an animal expects the US and whether the US actually occurs is known as:

Lesion studies suggest that the interpositus nucleus is involved in _____, while the cerebellar cortex is involved in _____.

With repeated administration of a drug, an organism will require larger and larger doses of the drug in order to achieve the same effect. This is known as:

If one pairs a tone with a shock, a rat can learn that the tone predicts the shock. If one then pairs a tone and light with a shock, the person finds that the rat gives a:

Describe the neuronal changes that occur during classical conditioning of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia.

It has been suggested that drug addicts should use small amounts of their drug during therapy to extinguish their habit. This is because:

The tendency of the body to gravitate toward a state of equilibrium or balance is known as:

In trace conditioning, the:

Which statement is considered to be TRUE about a successful model?

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, an increase in the association between the CS and US occurs when:

Something that naturally elicits a reflexive response is called a(n):

A conditioned eyeblink response can be produced by stimulating:

According to CS modulation theories such as that of Mackintosh, latent inhibition occurs because the:

In the Rescorla-Wagner model, the expectation of the US is described by the:

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, blocking occurs because:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Lesion studies suggest that the interpositus nucleus is involved in _, while the cerebellar cortex is involved in _.