Question 1

What is synaptic plasticity?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability of synapses to change as a result of experience 
B)  the finding that neurons are not rigid but can bend to connect with nearby neurons 
C)  the ability of neurons to absorb a stain of silver chromate 
D)  the finding that drugs can impact the release of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic neuron 
A)  the ability of synapses to change as a result of experience 
B)  the finding that neurons are not rigid but can bend to connect with nearby neurons 
C)  the ability of neurons to absorb a stain of silver chromate 
D)  the finding that drugs can impact the release of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic neuron A

Question 2

Describe one piece of evidence that shows learning in invertebrates.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: There are two examples described in the chapter:
1. Octopus-finds its way through a maze, learns to open a jar for a food reward, learns to grab the correct ball by watching another octopus (social learning)
2. Nematodes-learn to approach or avoid tastes/odors

Question 3

When one recognizes a friend at a party, which brain area is the first to receive the information from one's visual receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  the primary visual cortex (V1) 
B)  the primary sensory cortex 
C)  the thalamus 
D)  the frontal cortex 
A)  the primary visual cortex (V1) 
B)  the primary sensory cortex 
C)  the thalamus 
D)  the frontal cortex C

Question 4

Which part(s) of a neuron transmit(s) information to other neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  dendrites 
B)  the cell body 
C)  the axon 
D)  glia 
A)  dendrites 
B)  the cell body 
C)  the axon 
D)  glia

Question 5

Which brain imaging method is especially useful for studying the connections between brain regions?

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) 
B)  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 
C)  computed tomography (CT) 
D)  positron emission tomography (PET) 
A)  diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) 
B)  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 
C)  computed tomography (CT) 
D)  positron emission tomography (PET)

Question 6

Explain what Karl Lashley meant by the engram. How did he attempt to find it? Was he successful? What did his findings teach us about learning in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: The engram is the supp

Question 7

Most neurons can produce and release _____ neurotransmitter(s) and can receive _____ neurotransmitter(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  many different; many different 
B)  only one; only one 
C)  only one; many different 
D)  many different; only one 
A)  many different; many different 
B)  only one; only one 
C)  only one; many different 
D)  many different; only one

Question 8

Long-term potentiation:

Accepted Answer

A)  was first observed in the thalamus. 
B)  occurs when the postsynaptic neuron is stimulated with a high-frequency burst. 
C)  can last for hours or even longer. 
D)  involves a weakening in synaptic transmission following recent activity. 
A)  was first observed in the thalamus. 
B)  occurs when the postsynaptic neuron is stimulated with a high-frequency burst. 
C)  can last for hours or even longer. 
D)  involves a weakening in synaptic transmission following recent activity.

Question 9

After a neuron fires, there is a brief period during which it is unable to fire again. What is this period called?

Accepted Answer

A)  refractory 
B)  inactivation 
C)  postsynaptic 
D)  reuptake 
A)  refractory 
B)  inactivation 
C)  postsynaptic 
D)  reuptake

Question 10

Which statement is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The influence of drugs on learning and memory is usually a side effect. 
B)  A given drug usually affects just one neurotransmitter system. 
C)  Drugs can alter the ability of postsynaptic receptors to receive neurotransmitters. 
D)  Drugs affect the brain by altering synaptic transmission. 
A)  The influence of drugs on learning and memory is usually a side effect. 
B)  A given drug usually affects just one neurotransmitter system. 
C)  Drugs can alter the ability of postsynaptic receptors to receive neurotransmitters. 
D)  Drugs affect the brain by altering synaptic transmission.

Question 11

If a friend pats one on the back, the neurons that carry the information from the touch receptors on one's back to one's brain are part of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  central nervous system. 
B)  peripheral nervous system. 
C)  left hemisphere. 
D)  right hemisphere. 
A)  central nervous system. 
B)  peripheral nervous system. 
C)  left hemisphere. 
D)  right hemisphere.

Question 12

Long-term potentiation:

Accepted Answer

A)  was first observed in the thalamus. 
B)  occurs when the postsynaptic neuron is stimulated with a high-frequency burst. 
C)  can last for hours or even longer. 
D)  involves a weakening in synaptic transmission following recent activity. 
A)  was first observed in the thalamus. 
B)  occurs when the postsynaptic neuron is stimulated with a high-frequency burst. 
C)  can last for hours or even longer. 
D)  involves a weakening in synaptic transmission following recent activity.

Question 13

Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animals must have both a central and peripheral nervous system in order to be able to learn. 
B)  Animals with larger brains have higher intelligence than animals with smaller brains. 
C)  Only vertebrates have both a central and a peripheral nervous system. 
D)  The cerebral cortex takes up about the same percentage of total brain volume in humans as it does in other vertebrates. 
A)  Animals must have both a central and peripheral nervous system in order to be able to learn. 
B)  Animals with larger brains have higher intelligence than animals with smaller brains. 
C)  Only vertebrates have both a central and a peripheral nervous system. 
D)  The cerebral cortex takes up about the same percentage of total brain volume in humans as it does in other vertebrates.

Question 14

Inactivation and reuptake are mechanisms for:

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibiting neurons from responding. 
B)  removing dead neurons from the brain. 
C)  increasing the amount of neurotransmitter that is released. 
D)  clearing neurotransmitters from the synapse. 
A)  inhibiting neurons from responding. 
B)  removing dead neurons from the brain. 
C)  increasing the amount of neurotransmitter that is released. 
D)  clearing neurotransmitters from the synapse.

Question 15

Which parts of the brain help translate the high-level plans into concrete sets of movements?

Accepted Answer

A)  the frontal lobes and the temporal lobe 
B)  the basal ganglia and the cerebellum 
C)  the cerebral cortex and the brainstem 
D)  the primary motor cortex and the primary somatosensory cortex 
A)  the frontal lobes and the temporal lobe 
B)  the basal ganglia and the cerebellum 
C)  the cerebral cortex and the brainstem 
D)  the primary motor cortex and the primary somatosensory cortex

Question 16

The primary motor cortex is located in the _____ lobe.

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal 
B)  parietal 
C)  occipital 
D)  temporal 
A)  frontal 
B)  parietal 
C)  occipital 
D)  temporal

Question 17

What is the difference between structural neuroimaging and functional neuroimaging?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Structural n

Question 18

What is an engram?

Accepted Answer

A)  a measure of the amount of electrical activity on a person's scalp 
B)  a change in synaptic transmission as a result of recent activity 
C)  a physical change in the brain that forms the basis of a memory 
D)  a map that shows which part of the body each region of M1 controls 
A)  a measure of the amount of electrical activity on a person's scalp 
B)  a change in synaptic transmission as a result of recent activity 
C)  a physical change in the brain that forms the basis of a memory 
D)  a map that shows which part of the body each region of M1 controls

Question 19

Give an example of a reflex that humans have.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: There are numerous pos

Question 20

Which part(s) of a neuron send(s) signals to other neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  dendrites 
B)  the cell body 
C)  the axon 
D)  glia 
A)  dendrites 
B)  the cell body 
C)  the axon 
D)  glia

What is synaptic plasticity?

Describe one piece of evidence that shows learning in invertebrates.

When one recognizes a friend at a party, which brain area is the first to receive the information from one's visual receptors?

Which part(s) of a neuron transmit(s) information to other neurons?

Which brain imaging method is especially useful for studying the connections between brain regions?

Explain what Karl Lashley meant by the engram. How did he attempt to find it? Was he successful? What did his findings teach us about learning in the brain?

Most neurons can produce and release _ neurotransmitter(s) and can receive _ neurotransmitter(s).

Long-term potentiation:

After a neuron fires, there is a brief period during which it is unable to fire again. What is this period called?

Which statement is FALSE?

If a friend pats one on the back, the neurons that carry the information from the touch receptors on one's back to one's brain are part of the:

Long-term potentiation:

Which statement is TRUE?

Inactivation and reuptake are mechanisms for:

Which parts of the brain help translate the high-level plans into concrete sets of movements?

The primary motor cortex is located in the _____ lobe.

What is the difference between structural neuroimaging and functional neuroimaging?

What is an engram?

Give an example of a reflex that humans have.

Which part(s) of a neuron send(s) signals to other neurons?

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 2: The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

What is synaptic plasticity?

Describe one piece of evidence that shows learning in invertebrates.

When one recognizes a friend at a party, which brain area is the first to receive the information from one's visual receptors?

Which part(s) of a neuron transmit(s) information to other neurons?

Which brain imaging method is especially useful for studying the connections between brain regions?

Explain what Karl Lashley meant by the engram. How did he attempt to find it? Was he successful? What did his findings teach us about learning in the brain?

Most neurons can produce and release _____ neurotransmitter(s) and can receive _____ neurotransmitter(s).

Long-term potentiation:

After a neuron fires, there is a brief period during which it is unable to fire again. What is this period called?

Which statement is FALSE?

If a friend pats one on the back, the neurons that carry the information from the touch receptors on one's back to one's brain are part of the:

Long-term potentiation:

Which statement is TRUE?

Inactivation and reuptake are mechanisms for:

Which parts of the brain help translate the high-level plans into concrete sets of movements?

The primary motor cortex is located in the _____ lobe.

What is the difference between structural neuroimaging and functional neuroimaging?

What is an engram?

Give an example of a reflex that humans have.

Which part(s) of a neuron send(s) signals to other neurons?

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Most neurons can produce and release _ neurotransmitter(s) and can receive _ neurotransmitter(s).