Question 1

Who proposed the idea that learning relies on network connections between simple processing units?

Accepted Answer

A)  Herbert Simon 
B)  W. K. Estes 
C)  Edward Tolman 
D)  David Rumelhart 
A)  Herbert Simon 
B)  W. K. Estes 
C)  Edward Tolman 
D)  David Rumelhart D

Question 2

Which factor plays a role in helping the individual concentrate allowing the brain to encode information in order to organize and store memories?

Accepted Answer

A)  learning 
B)  sleeping 
C)  diet 
D)  exercise 
A)  learning 
B)  sleeping 
C)  diet 
D)  exercise B

Question 3

Jessie believes that babies learn words by being rewarded for sounds that sound like those words in response to something they hear. This idea resembles the ideas of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Darwin. 
B)  Edward Thorndike. 
C)  B. F. Skinner. 
D)  Aristotle. 
A)  Charles Darwin. 
B)  Edward Thorndike. 
C)  B. F. Skinner. 
D)  Aristotle. C

Question 4

If "black" is said, it might make one think of the word "white." The connection in one's memory between these concepts is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  associationism. 
B)  dualism. 
C)  empiricism. 
D)  nativism. 
A)  associationism. 
B)  dualism. 
C)  empiricism. 
D)  nativism.

Question 5

In which type of learning do organisms learn to respond in order to obtain or avoid important consequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  instrumental (operant) conditioning 
C)  latent learning 
D)  connectionist learning 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  instrumental (operant) conditioning 
C)  latent learning 
D)  connectionist learning

Question 6

Linda has never been interested in sports, yet everyone in her house plays basketball and football. After dinner one night, everyone goes outside to play basketball. Since there are only five players, Linda is asked to join. As the game goes on, she manages to make almost every shot when the ball is passed to her. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  latent learning. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  the law of effect. 
D)  a placebo effect. 
A)  latent learning. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  the law of effect. 
D)  a placebo effect.

Question 7

Charles Darwin proposed three criteria for traits to evolve through natural selection. Which statement is an example of the criterion of relevance to survival?

Accepted Answer

A)  Giraffe necks can range from short to long across members of the species. 
B)  Finch beaks range in shape from thin to thick. 
C)  Fawns with camouflaging spots will be protected from predators. 
D)  Neck length is a trait passed from giraffe parent to offspring. 
A)  Giraffe necks can range from short to long across members of the species. 
B)  Finch beaks range in shape from thin to thick. 
C)  Fawns with camouflaging spots will be protected from predators. 
D)  Neck length is a trait passed from giraffe parent to offspring.

Question 8

Suppose one is trying to learn a list of words. It takes eight minutes to learn the list the first time. One studies the list again the next day and finds that it takes only two minutes. How much of a time savings has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  25 percent 
B)  75 percent 
C)  100 percent 
D)  125 percent 
A)  25 percent 
B)  75 percent 
C)  100 percent 
D)  125 percent

Question 9

George Miller discovered that the average digit span is:

Accepted Answer

A)  exactly 3. 
B)  about 7. 
C)  about 15. 
D)  more than 20. 
A)  exactly 3. 
B)  about 7. 
C)  about 15. 
D)  more than 20.

Question 10

Sets of statements devised to explain a collection of facts are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  data. 
B)  theories. 
C)  associations. 
D)  symbols. 
A)  data. 
B)  theories. 
C)  associations. 
D)  symbols.

Question 11

René Descartes:

Accepted Answer

A)  was an empiricist. 
B)  introduced the idea of associationism. 
C)  claimed that a newborn's mind was a blank slate. 
D)  believed in dualism. 
A)  was an empiricist. 
B)  introduced the idea of associationism. 
C)  claimed that a newborn's mind was a blank slate. 
D)  believed in dualism.

Question 12

If dogs are presented with a bell followed by food, they quickly learn to salivate in response to the bell. If the bell is then presented without any food, what happens to the salivation response?

Accepted Answer

A)  It becomes gradually stronger. 
B)  It becomes gradually weaker. 
C)  It stops immediately. 
D)  It continues at the same strength. 
A)  It becomes gradually stronger. 
B)  It becomes gradually weaker. 
C)  It stops immediately. 
D)  It continues at the same strength.

Question 13

How can Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection be applied to human learning and memory?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Convey main ideas that

Question 14

Why was Charles Darwin's view of natural selection controversial?

Accepted Answer

A)  It suggested that there was not a major distinction between man and other species. 
B)  Darwin had no data to back up his claims. 
C)  Nobody believed that traits could be inherited. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  It suggested that there was not a major distinction between man and other species. 
B)  Darwin had no data to back up his claims. 
C)  Nobody believed that traits could be inherited. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

Suppose two moths are colored such that they blend in with the trees in the forest where they live. If one moth's coloring blends in much better than the other, that moth will have less chance of being eaten by predators, and will therefore be more likely to reproduce, thus passing its beneficial coloring on to its offspring. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection. 
B)  a reflex arc. 
C)  eugenics. 
D)  the law of effect. 
A)  natural selection. 
B)  a reflex arc. 
C)  eugenics. 
D)  the law of effect.

Question 16

Which subfield of psychology focuses on human abilities such as thinking, language, and reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  neo-behaviorism 
C)  cognitive psychology 
D)  behaviorism 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  neo-behaviorism 
C)  cognitive psychology 
D)  behaviorism

Question 17

Which statement is TRUE about subject bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is possible to gain insight through scientific experiments. 
B)  The subject is asked to verify the results. 
C)  The insights gained are more accurate and specific. 
D)  The participants prior knowledge can influence the current experiment. 
A)  It is possible to gain insight through scientific experiments. 
B)  The subject is asked to verify the results. 
C)  The insights gained are more accurate and specific. 
D)  The participants prior knowledge can influence the current experiment.

Question 18

Who proposed the law of effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ivan Pavlov 
B)  John B. Watson 
C)  Edward Thorndike 
D)  B. F. Skinner 
A)  Ivan Pavlov 
B)  John B. Watson 
C)  Edward Thorndike 
D)  B. F. Skinner

Question 19

Jenny has three children. She believes that, as long as she treats them exactly the same, they will all grow up to have the same personality and intelligence level. Jenny's idea resembles that of which philosopher?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plato 
B)  René Descartes 
C)  Gottfried Leibniz 
D)  John Locke 
A)  Plato 
B)  René Descartes 
C)  Gottfried Leibniz 
D)  John Locke

Question 20

Classical conditioning involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  learning that one stimulus predicts an important event. 
B)  studying lists of short nonsense words. 
C)  learning to make responses in order to obtain rewards or avoid punishment. 
D)  studying how to build computers to perform behaviors requiring human intelligence. 
A)  learning that one stimulus predicts an important event. 
B)  studying lists of short nonsense words. 
C)  learning to make responses in order to obtain rewards or avoid punishment. 
D)  studying how to build computers to perform behaviors requiring human intelligence.

Who proposed the idea that learning relies on network connections between simple processing units?

Which factor plays a role in helping the individual concentrate allowing the brain to encode information in order to organize and store memories?

Jessie believes that babies learn words by being rewarded for sounds that sound like those words in response to something they hear. This idea resembles the ideas of:

If "black" is said, it might make one think of the word "white." The connection in one's memory between these concepts is known as:

In which type of learning do organisms learn to respond in order to obtain or avoid important consequences?

Charles Darwin proposed three criteria for traits to evolve through natural selection. Which statement is an example of the criterion of relevance to survival?

Suppose one is trying to learn a list of words. It takes eight minutes to learn the list the first time. One studies the list again the next day and finds that it takes only two minutes. How much of a time savings has occurred?

George Miller discovered that the average digit span is:

Sets of statements devised to explain a collection of facts are called:

René Descartes:

If dogs are presented with a bell followed by food, they quickly learn to salivate in response to the bell. If the bell is then presented without any food, what happens to the salivation response?

How can Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection be applied to human learning and memory?

Why was Charles Darwin's view of natural selection controversial?

Which subfield of psychology focuses on human abilities such as thinking, language, and reasoning?

Which statement is TRUE about subject bias?

Who proposed the law of effect?

Jenny has three children. She believes that, as long as she treats them exactly the same, they will all grow up to have the same personality and intelligence level. Jenny's idea resembles that of which philosopher?

Classical conditioning involves:

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 1: Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

Who proposed the idea that learning relies on network connections between simple processing units?

Which factor plays a role in helping the individual concentrate allowing the brain to encode information in order to organize and store memories?

Jessie believes that babies learn words by being rewarded for sounds that sound like those words in response to something they hear. This idea resembles the ideas of:

If "black" is said, it might make one think of the word "white." The connection in one's memory between these concepts is known as:

In which type of learning do organisms learn to respond in order to obtain or avoid important consequences?

Charles Darwin proposed three criteria for traits to evolve through natural selection. Which statement is an example of the criterion of relevance to survival?

Suppose one is trying to learn a list of words. It takes eight minutes to learn the list the first time. One studies the list again the next day and finds that it takes only two minutes. How much of a time savings has occurred?

George Miller discovered that the average digit span is:

Sets of statements devised to explain a collection of facts are called:

René Descartes:

If dogs are presented with a bell followed by food, they quickly learn to salivate in response to the bell. If the bell is then presented without any food, what happens to the salivation response?

How can Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection be applied to human learning and memory?

Why was Charles Darwin's view of natural selection controversial?

Which subfield of psychology focuses on human abilities such as thinking, language, and reasoning?

Which statement is TRUE about subject bias?

Who proposed the law of effect?

Jenny has three children. She believes that, as long as she treats them exactly the same, they will all grow up to have the same personality and intelligence level. Jenny's idea resembles that of which philosopher?

Classical conditioning involves:

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters