Question 1

According to dual process theory, repeated exposure to a soft tone will lead to a:

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation response only. 
B)  sensitization response only. 
C)  stronger habituation response than sensitization response. 
D)  stronger sensitization response than habituation response. 
A)  habituation response only. 
B)  sensitization response only. 
C)  stronger habituation response than sensitization response. 
D)  stronger sensitization response than habituation response. C

Question 2

In some situations, arousal can have severe consequences. In the most severe cases, a single highly emotional event can lead to life-long amplification of emotional responses to a wide range of stimuli. This is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  generalized anxiety. 
B)  posttraumatic stress disorder. 
C)  depression. 
D)  phobias. 
A)  generalized anxiety. 
B)  posttraumatic stress disorder. 
C)  depression. 
D)  phobias. B

Question 3

A sensory prosthesis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a therapeutic technique used to assist stroke victims who have lost sensory input from parts of their bodies. 
B)  a mechanical device containing sensory detectors that interface with appropriate sensory areas of the brain. 
C)  an inability to identify location or to find one's way around the environment. 
D)  the area of space to which a place cell responds. 
A)  a therapeutic technique used to assist stroke victims who have lost sensory input from parts of their bodies. 
B)  a mechanical device containing sensory detectors that interface with appropriate sensory areas of the brain. 
C)  an inability to identify location or to find one's way around the environment. 
D)  the area of space to which a place cell responds. B

Question 4

Describe the neural mechanisms involved in habituation in Aplysia.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: In

Question 5

What accounts for the sensitization of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Motor neurons release serotonin, which increases the number of vesicles available to release glutamate from the sensory neuron. 
B)  Motor neurons release glutamate, which increases the number of vesicles available to release serotonin from the interneurons. 
C)  Interneurons release serotonin, which increases the number of vesicles available to release glutamate from the sensory neuron. 
D)  Interneurons release glutamate, which increases the number of vesicles available to release serotonin from the sensory neuron. 
A)  Motor neurons release serotonin, which increases the number of vesicles available to release glutamate from the sensory neuron. 
B)  Motor neurons release glutamate, which increases the number of vesicles available to release serotonin from the interneurons. 
C)  Interneurons release serotonin, which increases the number of vesicles available to release glutamate from the sensory neuron. 
D)  Interneurons release glutamate, which increases the number of vesicles available to release serotonin from the sensory neuron.

Question 6

A rollercoaster ride elicits an initial feeling of fear followed by a feeling of exhilaration. After repeated experiences, the initial fear responses may become weaker, whereas the rebound responses grow stronger. This process is called _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation 
B)  opponent process 
C)  dual process 
D)  emotional stability 
A)  habituation 
B)  opponent process 
C)  dual process 
D)  emotional stability

Question 7

The textbook describes a study in which blue jays were quicker and more accurate at detecting a particular species of moth if they had recently detected other members of that species. This result demonstrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation. 
B)  sensitization. 
C)  priming. 
D)  perceptual learning. 
A)  habituation. 
B)  sensitization. 
C)  priming. 
D)  perceptual learning.

Question 8

Rats with hippocampal damage are impaired in the ability to:

Accepted Answer

A)  recognize objects if the context and position of the objects are integrated. 
B)  navigate but not in the ability to recognize objects. 
C)  recognize objects in nearly all situations. 
D)  recognize objects that the rats had experienced just a few times. 
A)  recognize objects if the context and position of the objects are integrated. 
B)  navigate but not in the ability to recognize objects. 
C)  recognize objects in nearly all situations. 
D)  recognize objects that the rats had experienced just a few times.

Question 9

Sensitization is demonstrated in Aplysia when, after shocking the _____, touching the siphon causes a _____ gill-withdrawal reflex.

Accepted Answer

A)  siphon; strengthened 
B)  tail; strengthened 
C)  siphon; weakened 
D)  tail; weakened 
A)  siphon; strengthened 
B)  tail; strengthened 
C)  siphon; weakened 
D)  tail; weakened

Question 10

When Aplysia are habituated over several days, it can be observed that the:

Accepted Answer

A)  amount of neurotransmitter released by the motor neuron increases. 
B)  number of synapses between sensory and motor neurons decreases. 
C)  number of motor neurons decreases. 
D)  number of presynaptic terminals in the sensory neurons increases. 
A)  amount of neurotransmitter released by the motor neuron increases. 
B)  number of synapses between sensory and motor neurons decreases. 
C)  number of motor neurons decreases. 
D)  number of presynaptic terminals in the sensory neurons increases.

Question 11

Which statement is TRUE regarding place cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are hardwired at birth. 
B)  There are sufficient numbers of neurons to assign a place cell to every place one will ever encounter. 
C)  They respond to an internal sense of location in space, but not to external location cues. 
D)  They each have a preferred location called a place field. 
A)  They are hardwired at birth. 
B)  There are sufficient numbers of neurons to assign a place cell to every place one will ever encounter. 
C)  They respond to an internal sense of location in space, but not to external location cues. 
D)  They each have a preferred location called a place field.

Question 12

Describe an example of sensitization from everyday life.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Example must

Question 13

Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Habituation is homosynaptic, and sensitization is heterosynaptic. 
B)  Sensitization is homosynaptic, and habituation is heterosynaptic. 
C)  Both sensitization and habituation are heterosynaptic. 
D)  Both sensitization and habituation are homosynaptic. 
A)  Habituation is homosynaptic, and sensitization is heterosynaptic. 
B)  Sensitization is homosynaptic, and habituation is heterosynaptic. 
C)  Both sensitization and habituation are heterosynaptic. 
D)  Both sensitization and habituation are homosynaptic.

Question 14

What happens after repeated presentation of two simultaneous touches on the finger?

Accepted Answer

A)  People habituate to the touches and no longer feel them. 
B)  People have a harder time determining whether there are one or two points being touched. 
C)  There is a decrease in the number of cortical neurons tuned to touches of the fingertip. 
D)  There is an increase in the number of cortical neurons tuned to touches of the fingertip. 
A)  People habituate to the touches and no longer feel them. 
B)  People have a harder time determining whether there are one or two points being touched. 
C)  There is a decrease in the number of cortical neurons tuned to touches of the fingertip. 
D)  There is an increase in the number of cortical neurons tuned to touches of the fingertip.

Question 15

Describe how the orienting response has been used to study habituation in infants.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: The orienting response

Question 16

Since her grandmother's recent illness, Sarah has a heightened awareness of her family's health, and gets overly worried anytime a family member appears the least bit unwell. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation. 
B)  sensitization. 
C)  dishabituation. 
D)  priming. 
A)  habituation. 
B)  sensitization. 
C)  dishabituation. 
D)  priming.

Question 17

Learned non-use occurs when a stroke patient stops using a body part because:

Accepted Answer

A)  that body part being physically restrained. 
B)  of damage to the hippocampus. 
C)  of damage to the motor areas controlling that body part. 
D)  of lack of sensory input from that body part. 
A)  that body part being physically restrained. 
B)  of damage to the hippocampus. 
C)  of damage to the motor areas controlling that body part. 
D)  of lack of sensory input from that body part.

Question 18

Novel object recognition refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the act of actively avoiding a novel object. 
B)  the detection and response to an unfamiliar object. 
C)  fear of experimentation. 
D)  fear of repetition. 
A)  the act of actively avoiding a novel object. 
B)  the detection and response to an unfamiliar object. 
C)  fear of experimentation. 
D)  fear of repetition.

Question 19

Under which condition would there be a skin-conductance response to reveal sensitization?

Accepted Answer

A)  playing a quiet noise right before a neutral musical tone 
B)  playing a loud noise right before a neutral musical tone 
C)  playing a neutral musical tone repeatedly 
D)  playing a loud noise repeatedly 
A)  playing a quiet noise right before a neutral musical tone 
B)  playing a loud noise right before a neutral musical tone 
C)  playing a neutral musical tone repeatedly 
D)  playing a loud noise repeatedly

Question 20

In a novel object recognition task, which statement demonstrates that a stimulus is perceived as familiar?

Accepted Answer

A)  An individual shows sensitization to the stimulus. 
B)  An individual actively avoids any contact with the stimulus. 
C)  An individual spends less time examining the stimulus relative to a novel stimulus. 
D)  An individual shows dishabituation to the stimulus. 
A)  An individual shows sensitization to the stimulus. 
B)  An individual actively avoids any contact with the stimulus. 
C)  An individual spends less time examining the stimulus relative to a novel stimulus. 
D)  An individual shows dishabituation to the stimulus.

According to dual process theory, repeated exposure to a soft tone will lead to a:

In some situations, arousal can have severe consequences. In the most severe cases, a single highly emotional event can lead to life-long amplification of emotional responses to a wide range of stimuli. This is referred to as:

A sensory prosthesis is:

Describe the neural mechanisms involved in habituation in Aplysia.

What accounts for the sensitization of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia?

A rollercoaster ride elicits an initial feeling of fear followed by a feeling of exhilaration. After repeated experiences, the initial fear responses may become weaker, whereas the rebound responses grow stronger. This process is called _____ theory.

The textbook describes a study in which blue jays were quicker and more accurate at detecting a particular species of moth if they had recently detected other members of that species. This result demonstrates:

Rats with hippocampal damage are impaired in the ability to:

Sensitization is demonstrated in Aplysia when, after shocking the _, touching the siphon causes a _ gill-withdrawal reflex.

When Aplysia are habituated over several days, it can be observed that the:

Which statement is TRUE regarding place cells?

Describe an example of sensitization from everyday life.

Which statement is TRUE?

What happens after repeated presentation of two simultaneous touches on the finger?

Describe how the orienting response has been used to study habituation in infants.

Since her grandmother's recent illness, Sarah has a heightened awareness of her family's health, and gets overly worried anytime a family member appears the least bit unwell. This is an example of:

Learned non-use occurs when a stroke patient stops using a body part because:

Novel object recognition refers to:

Under which condition would there be a skin-conductance response to reveal sensitization?

In a novel object recognition task, which statement demonstrates that a stimulus is perceived as familiar?

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 3: Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

According to dual process theory, repeated exposure to a soft tone will lead to a:

In some situations, arousal can have severe consequences. In the most severe cases, a single highly emotional event can lead to life-long amplification of emotional responses to a wide range of stimuli. This is referred to as:

A sensory prosthesis is:

Describe the neural mechanisms involved in habituation in Aplysia.

What accounts for the sensitization of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia?

A rollercoaster ride elicits an initial feeling of fear followed by a feeling of exhilaration. After repeated experiences, the initial fear responses may become weaker, whereas the rebound responses grow stronger. This process is called _____ theory.

The textbook describes a study in which blue jays were quicker and more accurate at detecting a particular species of moth if they had recently detected other members of that species. This result demonstrates:

Rats with hippocampal damage are impaired in the ability to:

Sensitization is demonstrated in Aplysia when, after shocking the _____, touching the siphon causes a _____ gill-withdrawal reflex.

When Aplysia are habituated over several days, it can be observed that the:

Which statement is TRUE regarding place cells?

Describe an example of sensitization from everyday life.

Which statement is TRUE?

What happens after repeated presentation of two simultaneous touches on the finger?

Describe how the orienting response has been used to study habituation in infants.

Since her grandmother's recent illness, Sarah has a heightened awareness of her family's health, and gets overly worried anytime a family member appears the least bit unwell. This is an example of:

Learned non-use occurs when a stroke patient stops using a body part because:

Novel object recognition refers to:

Under which condition would there be a skin-conductance response to reveal sensitization?

In a novel object recognition task, which statement demonstrates that a stimulus is perceived as familiar?

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Sensitization is demonstrated in Aplysia when, after shocking the _, touching the siphon causes a _ gill-withdrawal reflex.