Question 1

The distancing approach to fighting an addiction involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  avoiding the stimulus that triggers the unwanted response. 
B)  removing the reinforcement for producing the unwanted response. 
C)  increasing the amount of time between the unwanted response and reinforcment. 
D)  rewarding desirable responses instead. 
A)  avoiding the stimulus that triggers the unwanted response. 
B)  removing the reinforcement for producing the unwanted response. 
C)  increasing the amount of time between the unwanted response and reinforcment. 
D)  rewarding desirable responses instead. A

Question 2

James's grades are dropping, and he has isolated himself in his room and doesn't have any interactions with individuals. His only focus is playing his game. As punishment for his grades dropping, he is grounded from any games. His parents have caught him trying to play at night, and he has even tried to go to his neighbors to do so. What type of addiction is James exhibiting?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral 
B)  pathological 
C)  nonspecified 
D)  neurological 
A)  behavioral 
B)  pathological 
C)  nonspecified 
D)  neurological A

Question 3

Which statement BEST describes behavioral economics?

Accepted Answer

A)  The average high school student spends $100 a week. 
B)  A dieter on a fixed calorie diet must decide whether to eat several low-calorie meals or have a bowl of ice cream. 
C)  An average college students spends more time studying than sleeping. 
D)  If one allocates earnings, one can save enough for early retirement. 
A)  The average high school student spends $100 a week. 
B)  A dieter on a fixed calorie diet must decide whether to eat several low-calorie meals or have a bowl of ice cream. 
C)  An average college students spends more time studying than sleeping. 
D)  If one allocates earnings, one can save enough for early retirement. B

Question 4

If a pigeon is being trained to peck at a disc for a food reward, which delay between pecking and receiving the reward will lead to the FASTEST learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 seconds 
B)  2 seconds 
C)  5 seconds 
D)  10 seconds 
A)  0 seconds 
B)  2 seconds 
C)  5 seconds 
D)  10 seconds

Question 5

A rat with a dorsal striatum lesion would have trouble learning to:

Accepted Answer

A)  press a bar for a food reward. 
B)  jump over a barrier to escape shock. 
C)  run in an exercise wheel to obtain a drink of water. 
D)  receive food when a red light comes on. 
A)  press a bar for a food reward. 
B)  jump over a barrier to escape shock. 
C)  run in an exercise wheel to obtain a drink of water. 
D)  receive food when a red light comes on.

Question 6

Electrical stimulation of the _____ is reinforcing to rats.

Accepted Answer

A)  orbitofrontal cortex 
B)  dorsal striatum 
C)  ventral tegmental area 
D)  motor cortex 
A)  orbitofrontal cortex 
B)  dorsal striatum 
C)  ventral tegmental area 
D)  motor cortex

Question 7

In a _____, items called "tokens" work like secondary reinforcers that can be exchanged for items of value.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary reinforcer 
B)  negative reinforcer 
C)  token economy 
D)  token system 
A)  primary reinforcer 
B)  negative reinforcer 
C)  token economy 
D)  token system

Question 8

Parents who decide to use punishment on a misbehaving child should:

Accepted Answer

A)  spank the child, as spanking is the only effective punisher. 
B)  make sure that the punishment involves giving the child lots of attention. 
C)  not use spanking because it has been shown to be completely ineffective. 
D)  also reinforce good behavior. 
A)  spank the child, as spanking is the only effective punisher. 
B)  make sure that the punishment involves giving the child lots of attention. 
C)  not use spanking because it has been shown to be completely ineffective. 
D)  also reinforce good behavior.

Question 9

A man would be considered to have a pathological addiction to alcohol if he:

Accepted Answer

A)  drinks more than four drinks a day. 
B)  suffers from a medical condition caused by his alcohol use. 
C)  is caught driving under the influence of alcohol. 
D)  regularly gets drunk with his friends on weekends. 
A)  drinks more than four drinks a day. 
B)  suffers from a medical condition caused by his alcohol use. 
C)  is caught driving under the influence of alcohol. 
D)  regularly gets drunk with his friends on weekends.

Question 10

Which statement is TRUE regarding the orbitofrontal cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  Orbitofrontal neurons respond when the outcome is expected to be pleasant, but not when it is expected to be unpleasant. 
B)  Orbitofrontal neurons respond when the outcome is expected to be unpleasant, but not when it is expected to be pleasant. 
C)  Neurons code the expectation as well as the specific outcome. 
D)  Orbitofrontal neurons code the pleasantness of a stimulus, but not its identity. 
A)  Orbitofrontal neurons respond when the outcome is expected to be pleasant, but not when it is expected to be unpleasant. 
B)  Orbitofrontal neurons respond when the outcome is expected to be unpleasant, but not when it is expected to be pleasant. 
C)  Neurons code the expectation as well as the specific outcome. 
D)  Orbitofrontal neurons code the pleasantness of a stimulus, but not its identity.

Question 11

What neurotransmitter is damaged in individuals suffering from Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine 
B)  seratonin 
C)  striatum 
D)  endorphins 
A)  dopamine 
B)  seratonin 
C)  striatum 
D)  endorphins

Question 12

People with long-term addictions to cocaine or amphetamine:

Accepted Answer

A)  have reduced cravings for the drug as well as a stronger "high" than they did in the early stages of addiction. 
B)  have reduced cravings for the drug than they did in the early stages of addiction. 
C)  do not receive the same "high" that they did in the early stages of addiction. 
D)  receive a much stronger "high" than they did in the early stages of addiction. 
A)  have reduced cravings for the drug as well as a stronger "high" than they did in the early stages of addiction. 
B)  have reduced cravings for the drug than they did in the early stages of addiction. 
C)  do not receive the same "high" that they did in the early stages of addiction. 
D)  receive a much stronger "high" than they did in the early stages of addiction.

Question 13

Why is dopamine believed to be involved in reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dopamine release is triggered by primary and secondary reinforcers. 
B)  It leads to activity in brain areas known as the dopaminergic region. 
C)  It leads to extinction. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  Dopamine release is triggered by primary and secondary reinforcers. 
B)  It leads to activity in brain areas known as the dopaminergic region. 
C)  It leads to extinction. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 14

One suggestion regarding the roles of dopamine and opioids in the brain is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine is involved in "wanting" a drug, whereas opioids are involved in "liking" a drug. 
B)  opioids are involved in "wanting" a drug, whereas dopamine is involved in "liking" a drug. 
C)  dopamine and opioids are both involved in "wanting" a drug. 
D)  dopamine and opioids are both involved in "liking" a drug. 
A)  dopamine is involved in "wanting" a drug, whereas opioids are involved in "liking" a drug. 
B)  opioids are involved in "wanting" a drug, whereas dopamine is involved in "liking" a drug. 
C)  dopamine and opioids are both involved in "wanting" a drug. 
D)  dopamine and opioids are both involved in "liking" a drug.

Question 15

According to the law of effect, Thorndike's cats learned to escape the puzzle box because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  learned the correct sequence of responses that led to a desirable outcome. 
B)  instinctively knew how to escape. 
C)  acquired an understanding of what they needed to do in order to escape. 
D)  learned the correct sequence of responses by watching other cats escape from similar boxes. 
A)  learned the correct sequence of responses that led to a desirable outcome. 
B)  instinctively knew how to escape. 
C)  acquired an understanding of what they needed to do in order to escape. 
D)  learned the correct sequence of responses by watching other cats escape from similar boxes.

Question 16

A conditioning chamber called a _____ delivers reinforcement or punishment automatically whenever an animal makes a particular response.

Accepted Answer

A)  classroom 
B)  Thorndike box 
C)  pigeon box 
D)  Skinner box 
A)  classroom 
B)  Thorndike box 
C)  pigeon box 
D)  Skinner box

Question 17

A hotel maid is allowed to take a 15-minute break every time she cleans three rooms. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable interval 
A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable interval

Question 18

Discriminative stimuli are:

Accepted Answer

A)  successive approximations to a desired response. 
B)  stimuli that signal whether a particular response will lead to a particular outcome. 
C)  outcomes that increase the probability of a behavior. 
D)  outcomes that decrease the probability of a behavior. 
A)  successive approximations to a desired response. 
B)  stimuli that signal whether a particular response will lead to a particular outcome. 
C)  outcomes that increase the probability of a behavior. 
D)  outcomes that decrease the probability of a behavior.

Question 19

Which is the BEST example of extinction?

Accepted Answer

A)  A child is praised every time he raises his hand instead of shouting out the answer 
B)  A young child throws a tantrum when he doesn't get what he wants. The parents decide to ignore the child every time there's a tantrum. 
C)  John feels the need to smoke when he's around smokers, so he stays away from them. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  A child is praised every time he raises his hand instead of shouting out the answer 
B)  A young child throws a tantrum when he doesn't get what he wants. The parents decide to ignore the child every time there's a tantrum. 
C)  John feels the need to smoke when he's around smokers, so he stays away from them. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

The process by which an organism learns to produce a specific response in order to avoid or obtain an outcome is:

Accepted Answer

A)  observing. 
B)  learning. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  classical conditioning. 
A)  observing. 
B)  learning. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  classical conditioning.

The distancing approach to fighting an addiction involves:

Which statement BEST describes behavioral economics?

If a pigeon is being trained to peck at a disc for a food reward, which delay between pecking and receiving the reward will lead to the FASTEST learning?

A rat with a dorsal striatum lesion would have trouble learning to:

Electrical stimulation of the _____ is reinforcing to rats.

In a _____, items called "tokens" work like secondary reinforcers that can be exchanged for items of value.

Parents who decide to use punishment on a misbehaving child should:

A man would be considered to have a pathological addiction to alcohol if he:

Which statement is TRUE regarding the orbitofrontal cortex?

What neurotransmitter is damaged in individuals suffering from Parkinson's disease?

People with long-term addictions to cocaine or amphetamine:

Why is dopamine believed to be involved in reinforcement?

One suggestion regarding the roles of dopamine and opioids in the brain is that:

According to the law of effect, Thorndike's cats learned to escape the puzzle box because they:

A conditioning chamber called a _____ delivers reinforcement or punishment automatically whenever an animal makes a particular response.

A hotel maid is allowed to take a 15-minute break every time she cleans three rooms. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Discriminative stimuli are:

Which is the BEST example of extinction?

The process by which an organism learns to produce a specific response in order to avoid or obtain an outcome is:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

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Exam 5: Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

The distancing approach to fighting an addiction involves:

Which statement BEST describes behavioral economics?

If a pigeon is being trained to peck at a disc for a food reward, which delay between pecking and receiving the reward will lead to the FASTEST learning?

A rat with a dorsal striatum lesion would have trouble learning to:

Electrical stimulation of the _____ is reinforcing to rats.

In a _____, items called "tokens" work like secondary reinforcers that can be exchanged for items of value.

Parents who decide to use punishment on a misbehaving child should:

A man would be considered to have a pathological addiction to alcohol if he:

Which statement is TRUE regarding the orbitofrontal cortex?

What neurotransmitter is damaged in individuals suffering from Parkinson's disease?

People with long-term addictions to cocaine or amphetamine:

Why is dopamine believed to be involved in reinforcement?

One suggestion regarding the roles of dopamine and opioids in the brain is that:

According to the law of effect, Thorndike's cats learned to escape the puzzle box because they:

A conditioning chamber called a _____ delivers reinforcement or punishment automatically whenever an animal makes a particular response.

A hotel maid is allowed to take a 15-minute break every time she cleans three rooms. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Discriminative stimuli are:

Which is the BEST example of extinction?

The process by which an organism learns to produce a specific response in order to avoid or obtain an outcome is:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters