Question 1

If one wants to use one's working memory MOST effectively, one should:

Accepted Answer

A)  try to multitask as much as possible. 
B)  keep one's stress levels relatively high. 
C)  focus on one task at a time. 
D)  try to use just one's verbal memory store. 
A)  try to multitask as much as possible. 
B)  keep one's stress levels relatively high. 
C)  focus on one task at a time. 
D)  try to use just one's verbal memory store. C

Question 2

Neuroimaging studies of children with ADHD have shown that these children have a(n) _____prefrontal cortex region.

Accepted Answer

A)  enlarged right 
B)  enlarged left 
C)  smaller right 
D)  smaller left 
A)  enlarged right 
B)  enlarged left 
C)  smaller right 
D)  smaller left C

Question 3

Which working-memory process occurs in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  the central executive 
B)  the phonological loop 
C)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
D)  both the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad 
A)  the central executive 
B)  the phonological loop 
C)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
D)  both the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad C

Question 4

In a task requiring monkeys to move their gaze to the former position of a visual cue, it was found that neurons in the prefrontal cortex fired during:

Accepted Answer

A)  presentation of the visual cue. 
B)  the monkey's response. 
C)  the delay between presentation of the cue and the response. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  presentation of the visual cue. 
B)  the monkey's response. 
C)  the delay between presentation of the cue and the response. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

The results of functional brain imaging studies suggest that the:

Accepted Answer

A)  left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is specialized for processing verbal material. 
B)  right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is specialized for processing verbal material. 
C)  left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has a dominant role in all monitoring processes. 
D)  right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is specialized for processing visual material. 
A)  left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is specialized for processing verbal material. 
B)  right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is specialized for processing verbal material. 
C)  left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has a dominant role in all monitoring processes. 
D)  right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is specialized for processing visual material.

Question 6

The ability to hold information in short-term memory is limited by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the capacity of STM. 
B)  what one can pay attention to. 
C)  how one encodes the information. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  the capacity of STM. 
B)  what one can pay attention to. 
C)  how one encodes the information. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 7

Which is a characteristic of someone with dysexecutive syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  disrupted ability to think and plan 
B)  impaired language abilities 
C)  below-average intelligence scores 
D)  disrupted ability to remember facts and events 
A)  disrupted ability to think and plan 
B)  impaired language abilities 
C)  below-average intelligence scores 
D)  disrupted ability to remember facts and events

Question 8

Larissa is visiting an amusement park. She moves from ride to ride skipping the ones with very long lines with the intent of returning later on. To make sure she gets on all the rides she wants to go on, she needs to keep track of which rides she's already been on and which ones she hasn't. The task her central executive is most concerned with in this example is:

Accepted Answer

A)  controlled updating of short-term memory buffers. 
B)  setting goals and planning. 
C)  task switching. 
D)  stimulus selection and response inhibition. 
A)  controlled updating of short-term memory buffers. 
B)  setting goals and planning. 
C)  task switching. 
D)  stimulus selection and response inhibition.

Question 9

The metaphor of memory as a computer compares RAM with _____ memory and a hard drive with _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  long-term; working 
B)  working; long-term 
C)  sensory; iconic 
D)  short-term; long-term 
A)  long-term; working 
B)  working; long-term 
C)  sensory; iconic 
D)  short-term; long-term

Question 10

In a delayed-response task, Fuster found that monkey prefrontal neurons fired only:

Accepted Answer

A)  when a particular object was initially displayed. 
B)  during a delay period when the monkey had to remember the location of an object. 
C)  during a delay period when the monkey had to remember an object but not its location. 
D)  after the monkey had chosen an object in the correct location. 
A)  when a particular object was initially displayed. 
B)  during a delay period when the monkey had to remember the location of an object. 
C)  during a delay period when the monkey had to remember an object but not its location. 
D)  after the monkey had chosen an object in the correct location.

Question 11

According to Earl Miller, what is the key contribution of the prefrontal cortex to working memory? How did he test this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: The key contribution i

Question 12

The existence of perseveration in patients with frontal-lobe damage provides evidence for the involvement of executive-control processes in:

Accepted Answer

A)  the updating of working memory. 
B)  setting goals and planning. 
C)  stimulus selection and response inhibition. 
D)  task switching. 
A)  the updating of working memory. 
B)  setting goals and planning. 
C)  stimulus selection and response inhibition. 
D)  task switching.

Question 13

The _____ prefrontal cortex seems to be active during _____ encoding.

Accepted Answer

A)  dorsolateral; incidental 
B)  dorsolateral; intentional 
C)  ventrolateral; incidental 
D)  ventrolateral; intentional 
A)  dorsolateral; incidental 
B)  dorsolateral; intentional 
C)  ventrolateral; incidental 
D)  ventrolateral; intentional

Question 14

Which type of memory is NOT considered to be a transient memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory 
B)  iconic 
C)  long-term 
D)  short-term 
A)  sensory 
B)  iconic 
C)  long-term 
D)  short-term

Question 15

Charles must study for two exams and write a term paper. He needs to decide how to distribute his work during the day, including how much time to spend studying each subject, when to work on the term paper, how much he needs to accomplish before taking a break, and so forth. The task his central executive is MOST concerned with in this example is:

Accepted Answer

A)  controlled updating of short-term memory buffers. 
B)  setting goals and planning. 
C)  task switching. 
D)  stimulus selection and response inhibition. 
A)  controlled updating of short-term memory buffers. 
B)  setting goals and planning. 
C)  task switching. 
D)  stimulus selection and response inhibition.

Question 16

Which task is used to study stimulus selection and response inhibition in working memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  an N-back task 
B)  the Tower of Hanoi 
C)  the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 
D)  the Stroop task 
A)  an N-back task 
B)  the Tower of Hanoi 
C)  the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 
D)  the Stroop task

Question 17

Suppose one's roommate asks him to pick up five items at the grocery store, but he has no place to write the items down. He keeps repeating the items over and over in his mind until he can get a pencil and piece of paper to write them down. In this example, he would be relying primarily on his _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory 
B)  long-term 
C)  short-term 
D)  iconic 
A)  sensory 
B)  long-term 
C)  short-term 
D)  iconic

Question 18

The phonological loop can retain information for about how long?

Accepted Answer

A)  1/2 second 
B)  2 seconds 
C)  10 seconds 
D)  2 minutes 
A)  1/2 second 
B)  2 seconds 
C)  10 seconds 
D)  2 minutes

Question 19

Which component of working memory would be responsible for remembering the locations of objects?

Accepted Answer

A)  the phonological loop 
B)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
C)  the iconic memory 
D)  the central executive 
A)  the phonological loop 
B)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
C)  the iconic memory 
D)  the central executive

Question 20

The word-length effect is when one can remember more _____ words than _____ words.

Accepted Answer

A)  short; long 
B)  long; short 
C)  medium-length; short 
D)  long; medium-length 
A)  short; long 
B)  long; short 
C)  medium-length; short 
D)  long; medium-length

If one wants to use one's working memory MOST effectively, one should:

Neuroimaging studies of children with ADHD have shown that these children have a(n) _____prefrontal cortex region.

Which working-memory process occurs in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex?

In a task requiring monkeys to move their gaze to the former position of a visual cue, it was found that neurons in the prefrontal cortex fired during:

The results of functional brain imaging studies suggest that the:

The ability to hold information in short-term memory is limited by:

Which is a characteristic of someone with dysexecutive syndrome?

The metaphor of memory as a computer compares RAM with _ memory and a hard drive with _ memory.

In a delayed-response task, Fuster found that monkey prefrontal neurons fired only:

According to Earl Miller, what is the key contribution of the prefrontal cortex to working memory? How did he test this hypothesis?

The existence of perseveration in patients with frontal-lobe damage provides evidence for the involvement of executive-control processes in:

The _ prefrontal cortex seems to be active during _ encoding.

Which type of memory is NOT considered to be a transient memory?

Which task is used to study stimulus selection and response inhibition in working memory?

The phonological loop can retain information for about how long?

Which component of working memory would be responsible for remembering the locations of objects?

The word-length effect is when one can remember more _ words than _ words.

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 9: Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

If one wants to use one's working memory MOST effectively, one should:

Neuroimaging studies of children with ADHD have shown that these children have a(n) _____prefrontal cortex region.

Which working-memory process occurs in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex?

In a task requiring monkeys to move their gaze to the former position of a visual cue, it was found that neurons in the prefrontal cortex fired during:

The results of functional brain imaging studies suggest that the:

The ability to hold information in short-term memory is limited by:

Which is a characteristic of someone with dysexecutive syndrome?

The metaphor of memory as a computer compares RAM with _____ memory and a hard drive with _____ memory.

In a delayed-response task, Fuster found that monkey prefrontal neurons fired only:

According to Earl Miller, what is the key contribution of the prefrontal cortex to working memory? How did he test this hypothesis?

The existence of perseveration in patients with frontal-lobe damage provides evidence for the involvement of executive-control processes in:

The _____ prefrontal cortex seems to be active during _____ encoding.

Which type of memory is NOT considered to be a transient memory?

Which task is used to study stimulus selection and response inhibition in working memory?

The phonological loop can retain information for about how long?

Which component of working memory would be responsible for remembering the locations of objects?

The word-length effect is when one can remember more _____ words than _____ words.

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

The metaphor of memory as a computer compares RAM with _ memory and a hard drive with _ memory.

The _ prefrontal cortex seems to be active during _ encoding.

The word-length effect is when one can remember more _ words than _ words.